Sonke siye safumana la mava ngaxa lithile. Xa sisitya okanye sisela into ngokungxama, umphimbo wethu uziva uqinile, siziva sirhawuzelelwe, size sizive ngathi siyakrwitshwa. Sithi, "Sihambe ngendlela engafanelekanga." Ngokwesiqhelo, iyaphela emva kokuba sisele amanzi. Ukuba oku kwenzeka ngamanye amaxesha, akukho nto ibalulekileyo. Kodwa ukuba unengxaki yokuginya ukutya nokusela rhoqo, kuthetha ukuba kukho into ethintela indlela ukutya okuhamba ngayo ukusuka emlonyeni wakho ukuya esiswini sakho. Kwizonyango, esi sisifo sibizwa ngokuba yi-dysphagia .
Oku akupheleli nje ekuphazamisekeni. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba luphawu lwesifo esinzulu. Umzekelo, le meko ixhaphakile kubantu abaye baba nestroke. Ukuba ayinyangwa, ukutya okanye isiselo singangena kwimiphunga yakho, oko kuthetha imiphunga yakho. Kwizonyango, oku sikubiza ngokuba yi- aspiration . Oku kunokukhokelela kwiimeko ezinzulu ezifana nosulelo lwemiphunga kunye ne-pneumonia. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.
Ngaba kukho iintlobo ze-dysphagia?
Ngamafutshane, ewe. Ezi ngxaki zokuginya zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezintathu eziphambili kuxhomekeke apho zenzeka khona. Cinga ngazo njengohambo oluvela emlonyeni ukuya esiswini. Kukho iindawo ezintathu eziphambili zokuma kolu hambo: umlomo (umlomo), umphimbo (ipharynx), kunye nombhobho othwala ukutya ukuya esiswini, umqala. Ukuba kukho ingxaki nakweyiphi na kwezi ndawo zokuma, uhambo luba lufutshane, oko kuthetha ukuba ukuginya kuba nzima.
| Uhlobo lwe-dysphagia | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukuphazamiseka komlomo | Ingxaki isemlonyeni wakho. Oku kunokwenzeka xa izihlunu ezibandakanyeka ekuhlafuneni ukutya, ukwenza iibhola zokutya ngolwimi lwakho, kunye nokukuxuba namathe kuba buthathaka. |
| I-Oropharyngeal Dysphagia (Ubunzima obunxulumene nomphimbo) | Ingxaki iyenzeka xa iqhuma lokutya elenziwe emlonyeni lityhalelwa entanyeni. Zininzi izinto ezenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo apha. Umzekelo, i-larynx (ibhokisi yelizwi) iyavalwa ukuthintela ukutya ukuba kungangeni kumphimbo womoya. Le meko inokwenzeka ngenxa yesiphene kule nkqubo. |
| I-Esophageal Dysphagia | Ingxaki iyenzeka xa ukutya kuhla ngomqala, kuhla ngomqala, kuze kungene esiswini. Ukutya kutyhalelwa phantsi kukuxinana okufana namaza (peristalsis) komqala. Oku kungavakali kwenzeka ukuba le nkqubo iphazamisekile okanye umqala uvalekile. |
Zithini izizathu ze-dysphagia?
Nasiphi na imeko echaphazela imithambo-luvo okanye izihlunu ezinceda ekuginyeni ingabangela oku.
Izifo zenkqubo yeemvakalelo kunye nengqondo
Iintshukumo zomzimba wethu zilawulwa yingqondo kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Izifo ezichaphazela le nkqubo zinokubangela ubunzima bokuginya.
- Istroke: Ukuvaleka kokuhamba kwegazi engqondweni kunokonakalisa iindawo ezilawula inkqubo yokuginya.
- Isifo sikaParkinson: Ukubuthathaka kancinci kancinci kweendawo zengqondo ezichaphazela ukulungelelaniswa kwentshukumo.
- I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Isifo sokuzikhusela komzimba esonakalisa imingxunya yemithambo-luvo.
- I-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): Isifo esenza buthathaka imithambo-luvo elawula izihlunu.
- I-Dementia: Imeko echaphazela inkumbulo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kweentshukumo.
- Iithumba zobuchopho: Ezi zinokuba ngumhlaza okanye zibe yingozi. Zinokuphazamisana nemiqondiso yemithambo-luvo.
- I-Cerebral palsy: Yimeko eyenzeka ekuzalweni kwaye ichaphazela ukulungelelaniswa kwemisipha.
Iingxaki zemisipha
I-Dysphagia inokubangelwa zizifo ezichaphazela izihlunu zomqala kunye nomqala ezinceda ekuginyeni.
- I-Achalasia: Imeko engaqhelekanga apho izihlunu ezisezantsi kwesisu zingaphumli, nto leyo ethintela ukutya ukuba kungangeni esiswini.
- I-Scleroderma: Sisifo sokuzikhusela komzimba esibangela ukuba izicubu zomqala ziqine, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuba imisipha ityhale ukutya.
- I-Muscular dystrophy: Iqela lezifo ezizuzwe njengelifa ezibangela ubuthathaka bemisipha obuqhubekayo.
- I-Myasthenia gravis: Isifo sokuzikhusela komzimba esiphazamisana nemiqondiso esuka kwimithambo-luvo ukuya kwimisipha.
Ukuncitshiswa kwe-esophageal, ukuvaleka, kunye neengxaki zesakhiwo
- Umhlaza: Iithumba ezinomhlaza entloko, entanyeni, okanye emqaleni zinokuvala indlela yokutya.
- I-GERD (i-Acid Reflux): Ukubuyela rhoqo kwe-asidi yesisu kunokonakalisa izicubu zomqala, oku kubangele amanxeba nokuncitshiswa. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -esophageal strictures .
- I-Eosinophilic esophagitis: Uhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (ii-eosinophils) ziqokelelana kwi-esophagus, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kube nzima kwaye kube nzima ukuyiginya.
- I-Esophageal diverticulum:Indawo encinci efana nengxowa yakheka kwindawo ebuthathaka eludongeni lomqala. Amasuntswana okutya anokunamathela kule ndawo, nto leyo ebangela ukuziva ngathi kukho into enamathele emqaleni.
Okubalulekileyo kukuba, nangona ukwaluphala kungengonobangela othe ngqo we-dysphagia, yeyona nto iphambili ebangela umngcipheko. Le meko ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala ngenxa yomngcipheko okhulayo wobuthathaka bemisipha kunye nezifo ezininzi ze-neurological ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla.
Ungayibona njani le meko?
Xa ubona ugqirha, uya kumamela ngenyameko iimpawu zakho aze enze uvavanyo lomzimba. Emva koko, banokucebisa uvavanyo oluthile ukuze bafumane unobangela.
- I-Barium swallow (Uvavanyo lwe-Esophagram okanye i-Barium swallow): Kolu vavanyo, usela ulwelo olubizwa ngokuba yi-barium. Olu lwelo lubonakala lumhlophe kwi-X-ray, ngoko ungabukela i-esophagus isebenza njengevidiyo njengoko uyiginya.
- I-Upper endoscopy (EGD): Kule nkqubo, ugqirha wakho ufaka ityhubhu encinci efakwe ikhamera entanyeni yakho ukuze ahlole umphimbo wakho, umphimbo, kunye nesisu. Oku kunokunceda ukujonga iithumba kunye nokuvaleka.
- IIMALI (Uvavanyo lwe-Fiberoptic Endoscopic of Ginking): Uvavanyo olwenziwa yi-Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP). Ikhamera encinci ifakwa ngempumlo yakho ukuze kubonwe ukuba ukutya okanye isiselo esinombala singena na kwindlela yakho yomoya xa usiginya.
- I-Esophageal manometry: Ityhubhu ifakwa ngempumlo yakho iye esiswini sakho kwaye ilinganisa uxinzelelo, okanye ukuxinana, kwemisipha esemqaleni wakho xa usela amanzi.
Iphathwa njani?
Unyango luxhomekeke kwisizathu se-dysphagia yakho kunye nobunzima bayo.
- Amayeza: Ii-antibiotics zinokumiselwa xa kukho usulelo, kwaye amayeza okulawula i-asidi anokumiselwa xa kukho iimeko ezifana ne-GERD.
- Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila: Ugqirha wakho okanye ingcali yokuthetha ingakuxelela ukuba wenze utshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo. Bangakucebisa ukuba utye ukutya okuthambileyo nokuqhekekileyo, uhlafune ukutya kwakho kakuhle, kwaye usele imilomo emincinci.
- Ezinye iindlela zonyango: Ukuba umphimbo unciphile, kukho iindlela zokuwukhulisa. Iinaliti zeBotox® zikwasetyenziselwa ukunyanga ezinye iingxaki zemisipha.
- Ityhubhu yokutyisa: Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, oko kukuthi, xa ukutya nokusela kungenakwenzeka kwaye kukho umngcipheko ophezulu wokuminxeka, le ndlela isetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngesondlo.
- Imithambo yokubuyisela umzimba kwimeko yesiqhelo: Ingcali yentetho nolwimi (SLP) ingakufundisa imithambo yokuqinisa izihlunu zakho zokuginya. Bangakufundisa nendlela yokutya ngokukhuselekileyo, indlela yokubamba intloko yakho, kunye nendlela echanekileyo yokususa ukutya ukuba kubambekile.
Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ukuba azinyangwa?
Ukuba ayinyangwa, le meko inokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu zempilo, kwanokufa. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi oku.
Iingozi eziphambili zezi:
- Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni: Ukungabikho kwamanzi emzimbeni ngenxa yokungakwazi ukusela amanzi aneleyo.
- Ukungondleki: Ukunqongophala kokutya okwaneleyo.
- Ukukrwitshwa: Kunokuba yingozi nakubomi.
- I-Aspire Pneumonia: I-pneumonia enzima ebangelwa kukufuthwa kokutya okanye isiselo emiphungeni. Ngamanye amaxesha, ingakumbi kubantu abaye baba nestroke, ukutya kunokufuthwa emiphungeni ngaphandle kokukhohlela (ukufuthwa buthule). Oku kuyingozi kakhulu.
Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?
Ukuba uqaphela ukuba unengxaki yokuginya amaxesha amaninzi kunokuba kube kanye okanye kabini, bonana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Kubalulekile ukufumana nokunyanga unobangela oyintloko.
| Ingxamiseko! Yiya kwi-ETU (iYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo) ngoko nangoko. | |
|---|---|
| Imeko | Ukuba uziva ngathi kukho into ebambeke emqaleni wakho kwaye kunzima ukuphefumla . |
| Imeko | Ubuthathaka bemisipha ngequbuliso, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenxalenye yomzimba (ukukhubazeka), okanye ukungakwazi ngokupheleleyo ukuginya . |
Nangona izinto ezinje ngokukhohlela nokuphefumla kancinci zingakukhathazi, zisisilumkiso esivela emzimbeni wakho. Ngoko ke musa ukuzityeshela ezo mpawu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukuba unengxaki yokuginya ukutya, kwaye kwenzeka rhoqo, musa ukucinga nje ukuba "kuhambe ngendlela engalunganga."
- I-Dysphagia ayisiyongxaki nje kuphela, inokuba luphawu lwesifo esinzulu esifana nesifo sohlangothi, umhlaza, okanye isifo semithambo-luvo.
- Musa ukungayinaki ingxaki yokuginya, bonana nogqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuze ufumane ukuxilongwa okufanelekileyo.
- Iingcali zonyango lwentetho nolwimi (ii-SLP) zingaba luncedo kakhulu ngokufundisa imithambo yokuqinisa izihlunu kunye neendlela zokutya ezikhuselekileyo.
- Ukuba ngequbuliso ufumana ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye bokuginya, yingxamiseko leyo. Yiya kwi-ETU yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
👩🏽⚕️ Imibuzo eyongezelelweyo (Ii-FAQ)
💬 Iipilisi zeGemfibrozil (Lopid) liyeza elisetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo esinjani?
Le ayisiyo pilisi ye-cholesterol eqhelekileyo (i-Statin)! Le yipilisi esebenza kakhulu (i-Fibrate) enokunciphisa ngoko nangoko izinga lohlobo oluyingozi lwamafutha olubizwa ngokuba yi-'Very High Triglycerides' malunga ne-50% kwizigulane ezine-triglycerides ephezulu kakhulu/engaqhelekanga! Oogqirha banika le pilisi ngoko nangoko kuba ukuba i-triglycerides iyanda kakhulu, i-pancreas inokuqhuma (i-Pancreatitis) kwaye ibangele ukufa.
💬 Le pilisi yeoyile enamandla (iGemfibrozil) inyibilikisa njani ii-triglycerides xa ingena emzimbeni wethu?
Lo asingomatshini we-cholesterol ovala isibindi! Le pilisi iya kwisibindi sethu kunye neeseli zamafutha (ukuvuselelwa kwe-PPAR-alpha), kwaye ivuselela ngokupheleleyo i-'enzyme eqhekeza amafutha (i-Lipoprotein lipase)' emzimbeni! Emva koko, ezo enzymes ziqhekeza amafutha (i-VLDL/i-Triglycerides) egazini njengomlambo zibe ziingceba kwaye zitshabalalise (kwaye oku kwandisa kakhulu i-cholesterol/i-HDL elungileyo).
💬 Kutheni kusithiwa le (Gemfibrozil) mayingasetyenziswa kunye neepilisi ze-cholesterol eziqhelekileyo (Statins)? Zithini iingozi zayo?
Leyo yeyona ngozi inkulu neyingozi kakhulu! Ukuba uthatha le pilisi ngelixa uthatha ipilisi ye-cholesterol eqhelekileyo (i-Atorvastatin/i-Simvastatin), kwiveki yokuqala, i-100% yemisipha yakho iya kunyibilika (i-Severe Rhabdomyolysis) kwaye izintso zakho ziya kubola ngokupheleleyo kwaye uya kufa. Oku kuyingozi kakhulu kangangokuba kunokubulala! Kwakhona, umngcipheko wokufumana 'iGallstones / Cholelithiasis' uphezulu kakhulu.
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