Ngaba wakha weva nge -neuromyelitis optica , okanye i-NMO njengoko siyibiza ngokufutshane? Mhlawumbi akunjalo. Kuba ayisosifo siqhelekileyo ehlabathini. Kodwa yimeko enzima enokuchaphazela ngqo amehlo ethu kunye nomqolo. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngale nto. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngayo ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-NMO?
I-NMO inamagama amaninzi. Abanye bayibiza ngokuba yiNeuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD), ngelixa abanye beyibiza ngokuba yiDevic's Disease. Le yinto engaqhelekanga kakhulu eyenzekayo. Inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela yomzimba, inkqubo yokuzikhusela, iqala ngempazamo ukuhlasela iiseli zethu eziphilileyo. Kufana nomkhosi wethu ohlasela ilizwe lethu. Olu hlaselo lujolise ikakhulu kwiindawo ezimbini zenkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo: i-optic nerve, ethwala ulwazi oluvela esweni ukuya engqondweni, kunye ne-spinal cord, ehla ngomqolo.
Esi sifo sinokuvela ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili:
1. I-Monophasic NMO: Kule meko, iimpawu zibonakala ngequbuliso kangangeentsuku okanye iiveki kwaye ziphela kuhlaselo olunye.
2. Ukubuyela kwi-NMO: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo. Apha, iimpawu ziyavela kwaye ziphele emva kwexesha elithile. Kodwa emva kweenyanga okanye iminyaka, kusenokwenzeka olunye uhlaselo. Iimpawu zinokuba zimbi ngakumbi ngohlaselo ngalunye.
Nangona uhlobo lokuqala lunokuchaphazela amadoda nabafazi, uhlobo lwesibini, okanye i-NMO ephinda ibuyele kwesi sifo, luxhaphake kakhulu kwabasetyhini kunamadoda. Lunokuchaphazela nabantwana abancinci.
Zithini iimpawu ze-NMO?
Iimpawu ze- NMO zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
| Imeko yezonyango | Inkcazo kunye neempawu |
|---|---|
| I-optic neuritis | Kulapho umthambo we-optic okwiliso uvuvukala khona. Ungaziva ngequbuliso intlungu ebukhali ngaphakathi kweliso lakho . Oku kunokulandelwa kukubona okufipheleyo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kude kuphele nombono. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuchaphazela iliso elinye, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunokuchaphazela omabini amehlo. |
| I-myelitis eguqukayo | Kulapho umthambo womqolo uvuvukala khona. Oku kunokubangela iintlungu, ubuthathaka, ukungaziva, okanye ukukhubazeka kweengalo nemilenze. Usenokuphulukana nolawulo lwesinyi sakho kunye namathumbu. Ukongeza, iimpawu ezinje ngesicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, ukuqhwanyaza okungapheliyo, ukuqina kwentamo, kunye nentloko ebuhlungu nazo zinokuvela. |
Ukuba abantwana abancinci bafumana i-NMO, banokubonisa iimpawu ezinzima ezifana nokutshintsha kwendlela yokuziphatha, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukuxhuzula, okanye i-coma.
Ngaba i-NMO iyafana ne-MS (Multiple Sclerosis)?
Hayi. Le yindawo apho abantu abaninzi badideka khona. I-MS, emele iMultiple Sclerosis, sesinye isifo esichaphazela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo kwaye sibangelwa ngumsebenzi wenkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba. Ngaphambili, oogqirha babecinga ukuba i-NMO luhlobo lwe-MS. Kodwa ngoku uphando lufumanise ukuba ezi zifo zimbini zahlukile ngokupheleleyo.
Nazi ezinye zezo nguqu :
| I-Factor | I-NMO (i-Neuromyelitis Optica) | I-MS (i-Multiple Sclerosis) |
|---|---|---|
| Isantya sokuqala kwesifo | Iimpawu zihlala zikhawuleza kakhulu kwaye zinzima. | Iimpawu zihlala zikhula kancinci, emva kwexesha elide. |
| Uvavanyo lwegazi | Kukho uvavanyo lwegazi oluthile (uvavanyo lwe-antibody) ukuze kufunyanwe i-NMO. | Akukho vavanyo lwegazi olufana nolu ukuze kufunyaniswe i-MS. |
| Iskeni ye-MRI yengqondo | Ekuqaleni kwesi sifo, i-MRI yobuchopho ingabonakala iqhelekile. | Kwi-MS, utshintsho ludla ngokubonakala kwi-MRI scans yengqondo. |
| Ezinye iimpawu | Iimpawu ezifana nokugabha, ukuhlanza, kunye nokuqunjelwa ziqhelekile. | Ezi mpawu azibonakali rhoqo kwi-MS. |
Yintoni ebangela i-NMO?
Enyanisweni, oogqirha abakayazi imbangela echanekileyo ye-NMO. Akukho bungqina bokuba idluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Kodwa kukho into enye ecacileyo. Abantu abaninzi abane-NMO banezinye izifo ezibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba , okanye amalungu osapho lwabo anazo. Ngamafutshane, yimeko apho inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wethu, inkqubo yokuzikhusela, ihlasela ngempazamo iiseli zethu eziphilileyo. Isifo seswekile (Uhlobo 1 lwesifo seswekile), isifo samathambo esibizwa ngokuba yi-rheumatoid arthritis, i-psoriasis, kunye ne-vitiligo zezinye zezona zifo.
Ifunyanwa njani le sifo?
Emva kokubuza ngeempawu zakho, ugqirha wakho uza kukuhlola. Oku kuya kuquka ukuvavanya amandla akho okucinga, ukubona, ukuthetha, amandla omzimba, kunye nokusabela komzimba.
Ukongeza, ezi mvavanyo zinokwenziwa:
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Abantu abangaphezu kwama-70% abane-NMO baneproteni ethile, ebizwa ngokuba yi-antibody, egazini labo. Oku kunokubonwa ngovavanyo lwegazi.
- Uvavanyo lolwelo lomqolo: Ngamanye amaxesha kusenokufuneka ukuba kuthathwe ulwelo oluvela kumqolo luvavanywe.
- Iskeni ye-MRI: I-MRI ( umfanekiso we-magnetic resonance)) yinkqubo esebenzisa imagnethi enkulu kunye nekhompyutha ukuthatha imifanekiso ecacileyo yangaphakathi lomzimba wakho. Oku kunokunceda ukubona ukuba umqolo wakho uvuvukile na.
- Uvavanyo lwamehlo: Ungathunyelwa kwingcali yamehlo, eya kwenza uvavanyo olukhethekileyo olufana ne-OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) ukujonga umonakalo kwi-optic nerve.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-NMO?
Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo. Akukho nyango lwe-NMO okwangoku. Kodwa kukho unyango olusebenzayo kakhulu olunokunceda ukulawula iimpawu kunye nokuthintela ukuhlaselwa kwixesha elizayo.
- Amayeza okulwa nokuxhuzula: Kukho amayeza amatsha amaninzi avunyiweyo kutshanje kwi-NMO. I-Eculizumab (Soliris), i-inebilizumab-cdon (Uplizna), kunye ne-satralizumab-mwge (Enspryng) zezinye zezi ziyobisi. La mayeza asebenza ngokujolisa kwi-antibodies ezihlasela iiseli zethu eziphilileyo kwaye azithintele ukusebenza. Ukongeza, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amanye amayeza acinezela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
- IiSteroids: Amayeza e-steroid anikwa ukunciphisa ukudumba emzimbeni. La mayeza adla ngokunikezelwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV).
- Utshintshiselwano lweplasma: Olukwabizwa ngokuba yiplasmapheresis, lufana nesicoci segazi. Umatshini okhethekileyo wahlula iplasma egazini lakho, eliqulethe ii-antibodies eziyingozi, uze ulisuse. Emva koko, kongezwa enye indawo kwaye igazi elicociweyo libuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-NMO sisifo esingaqhelekanga kodwa esibi kakhulu sokuzikhusela komzimba esichaphazela amehlo ethu kunye nomqolo.
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nentlungu yeliso ngequbuliso, ukulahleka kokubona, ubuthathaka okanye ukungaziva mnandi kwamalungu akho, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- I-NMO sisifo esahlukileyo kwi-MS (Multiple Sclerosis). Uvavanyo lwegazi olukhethekileyo lunokwahlula ezi zimbini.
- Nangona ingenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, kukho unyango olusebenzayo kakhulu olufumanekayo namhlanje ukulawula iimpawu nokuthintela ukuhlaselwa kwixesha elizayo.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unemibuzo okanye amathandabuzo malunga noku, nceda uthethe ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho.
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