Zithini ii-enzymes? Kutheni zibaluleke kangaka emizimbeni yethu?

Molo! Unjani? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngeqela lezinto ezisebenza buthule, kodwa zibaluleke kakhulu ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Zibizwa ngokuba zii-enzymes. Usenokuba ukhe weva ngeli gama. Ukuba akunjalo, ayinamsebenzi, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngalo ngokulula.

Ngoko ke zithini ezi enzymes? Kutheni sizidinga?

Ngamafutshane, ii-enzymes luhlobo lweproteni . Zifana neerobhothi ezincinci ezisebenza emizimbeni yethu. Umsebenzi wazo ophambili kukukhawulezisa ukusabela kweekhemikhali emizimbeni yethu, okuyi -metabolism yethu. Cinga ngayo, ezi enzymes zinceda ekwenzeni ezinye izinto nokuqhekeza ezinye izinto. Enyanisweni, zonke izinto eziphilayo zinee-enzymes. Imizimba yethu ivelisa ii-enzymes ngokwendalo. Sikwafumana ii-enzymes kwezinye zokutya esikutyayo nesikuselayo, nakwiimveliso ezenziweyo.

Luluphi uncedo olukhulu olunikezelwa zii-enzymes emizimbeni yethu?

Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezenziwa zii-enzymes kukuncedisa ekugayweni kokutya . Le yinkqubo apho ukutya esikutyayo kuguqulwa kube ngamandla. Cinga ngayo, kukho ii-enzymes kumathe ethu, kwi-pancreas, emathunjini nasesiswini. Ezi zezona ziqhekeza kwaye zigaye amafutha, iiproteni kunye neecarbohydrate esizityayo. Ezi zondlo emva koko zisetyenziswa yimizimba yethu ekukhuleni nasekulungiseni iiseli. Akupheleli apho, ii-enzymes zinceda kwezinye izinto ezininzi. Jonga:

• Ukuphefumla kunye
• Ukwakha izihlunu
• Umsebenzi wemithambo-luvo
• Ukususa ityhefu emizimbeni yethu akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwezi enzymes.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezininzi zee-enzymes?

Ewe, kukho amawaka eentlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-enzymes emizimbeni yethu. Kodwa into ekhethekileyo kukuba uhlobo ngalunye lwe-enzyme lunomsebenzi omnye kuphela ekufuneka lwenziwe . Njengokuba isitshixo esinye sinokuvula isitshixo esinye kuphela. Umzekelo, i-enzyme i-Sucrase iyaphula i-sugar sucrose. I-enzyme i-Lactase iyaphula i-sugar lactose efumaneka kwiimveliso zobisi. Makhe sijonge ezinye zeentlobo eziphambili zee-enzymes ezihlala zisinceda ekugayeni ukutya:

Zithini iindawo ze-enzyme? Zisebenza njani?

Yonke i-enzyme inendawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-'active site' . Le ndawo inesimo esikhethekileyo. Siyibiza ngokuba yi -substrate esebenza yi-enzyme. Le substrate ikwanomo okhethekileyo. Njenge-lock ne-key. I-enzyme kunye ne-substrate kufuneka zivumelane ngokuchanekileyo ukuze zisebenze. Kuphela xa zihambelana apho kwenzeka khona i-chemical reaction.

Ubushushu kunye ne-pH zichaphazela njani ii-enzymes?

Iienzyme zifuna iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokusingqongileyo ukuze zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba ezi meko azilunganga, iienzyme zinokutshintsha imo. Emva koko aziyi kuhambelana neziseko esithethe ngazo ngaphambili. Ngoko ke, aziyi kusebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Yonke ienzyme inobushushu obuthile kunye ne-pH efanelekileyo kakhulu kuyo:

• i-pH: Ii-enzymes zinobuthathaka kakhulu kwi-asidi kunye ne-alkalinity. Azisebenzi kakuhle ukuba indawo engqongileyo ine-asidi eninzi okanye i-alkaline kakhulu. Umzekelo, i-enzyme i-pepsin esiswini sethu iqhekeza iiproteni. Ukuba awunayo i-asidi eyaneleyo esiswini sakho, i-pepsin ayinakusebenza kakuhle.
• Ubushushu: Ii-enzyme zisebenza kakuhle xa ubushushu bomzimba wakho bukwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo, elimalunga nama-37 degrees Celsius (37°C). Njengoko ubushushu busanda, neempendulo zee-enzyme ziyanda. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ubushushu buyanda kakhulu, ii-enzyme ziyayeka ukusebenza. Yiyo loo nto imisebenzi yomzimba wethu iyehla xa sinomkhuhlane ophezulu.

Ziziphi izifo ezibangelwa ziingxaki zee-enzyme?

Iingxaki zemetabolism zihlala zenzeka xa i-enzyme ethile ingekho ngokwaneleyo. Ezi zinokudluliselwa ngee-genes (ezizuzwe njengelifa) ezivela kubazali ukuya ebantwaneni. Makhe sijonge ezinye zeengxaki zemetabolism zemfuza eziqhelekileyo:

• Isifo seFabry : Le yimeko apho umzimba ungakwazi ukuvelisa i-enzyme i-alpha-galactosidase A, efunekayo ukuqhekeza ii-lipids.
• Isifo sikaKrabbe (i-globoid cell leukodystrophy): Oku kuchaphazela ii-enzymes ezifunekayo ekukhuseleni iiseli zemithambo-luvo , oko kukuthi i-myelin (iNkqubo yeNervous ePhakathi).
• Isifo somchamo we-maple syrup: Oku kuchaphazela ii-enzymes ezifunekayo ukuqhekeza ii-amino acids ezithile ze-branched chain .

Ukongeza koku, kukho nezinye iimeko zempilo ezinokubangelwa kukungalingani kwee-enzyme:

• Isifo sikaCrohn: Ukungalingani kweebhaktheriya emathunjini akho (i-gut microbiome ) kunokubangela impendulo ye-autoimmune emathunjini. Oku kunokuchaphazela iimpawu kunye nobunzima besifo sikaCrohn.
• Ukungabikho kakuhle kwe-exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI): Oku kwenzeka xa i-pancreas yakho ingavelisi ii-enzymes zokugaya ukutya ezaneleyo, oko kuthetha ukuba awukwazi ukuqhekeza ukutya okanye ukufunxa izondlo ngokufanelekileyo.
• Ukunganyamezelani neLactose: Oku kubangelwa kukungabikho kwe-enzyme efunekayo ekugayeni i-lactose, iswekile efumaneka kubisi nakwiimveliso zobisi.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha malunga nengxaki ye-enzyme?

Akunakwenzeka ukwazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba unengxaki ye-enzyme ngaphandle kovavanyo lwegazi. Nangona kunjalo, licebo elihle ukubona ugqirha ukuba unezinye zezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Intlungu zesisu
• Ukudumba okanye igesi
• Urhudo
• Ndiziva ndidiniwe kakhulu (Ndidinwe kakhulu)
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngendlela engachazekiyo
• I-anemia
• Ukopha kwamathumbu