Ngaba umntwana wakho uwile ngelixa edlala? Mhlawumbi utyibilike wawa ebhayisekileni yakho waza wangqubana nentloko yakho ndaweni ithile? Ixesha elininzi, asizihoyi kangako izinto ezinje, sicinga, "Owu... kukungqubana nje okuncinci." Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba yingozi entloko encinci kunokukhokelela kwinto enzulu enokuchaphazela ubomi bakho. Namhlanje, sithetha ngemeko enokwenzeka ngexesha elinjalo, kwaye inokuba yingozi kakhulu ukuba ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza. Kwizonyango, sibiza oku ngokuba yi-Epidural Hematoma, okanye i-EDH ngamafutshane.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-Epidural Hematoma (EDH)?
Cinga ngengqondo yethu njengento exabisekileyo nebuthathaka. Ikhaka lethu eliqinileyo likho ukuze liyikhusele. Kodwa phakathi kwekhaka kunye nengqondo kukho ezinye iileya ezintathu ezikhuselayo. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba zii-meninges. Kwezi leya zintathu, eyona leya ityebileyo, phantsi nje kwekhaka, ibizwa ngokuba yi-dura mater.
Ngoku, xa ubetheka kakhulu entloko, umthambo wegazi ngaphakathi kwekhakayi, umthambo okanye ngamanye amaxesha umthambo, unokuqhekeka. Xa uqhekeka, igazi liqala ukuvuza. Eli gazi liqokelelana kwindawo encinci phakathi kwekhakayi kunye ne-dura mater, isigqubuthelo sangaphandle sobuchopho. Olu kuhlanganiswa kwegazi kubizwa ngokuba yi- 'Epidural Hematoma (EDH)`.
Ngamafutshane, kufana namanzi avuzayo phakathi komaleko weplasta nodonga aze avuvuke njengeqamza. Njengoko eli hlwili legazi likhula kancinci kancinci, liqala ukutyhala ngaphakathi, oko kukuthi, liye ebuchotsheni bethu. Oku kutyhala kunokubangela umonakalo engqondweni. Le yimeko embi kakhulu efuna unyango olungxamisekileyo.
Le meko ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-'Extradural Hematoma'. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kwaziwa ngokuba yi-'Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)', ukwenzakala kwengqondo okubangelwa kukwenzakala entloko.
Ibaluleke kangakanani le meko?
Ewe, i-'Epidural Hematoma (EDH)' yimeko enzima enokuba yingozi ebomini . Ukuba ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza, inokubangela umonakalo osisigxina engqondweni okanye nokufa. Ngokweengxelo, malunga ne-15% yabantu abafumana le meko bayafa. Ke ngoko, ayilocebo lilungileyo ukuthatha ukwenzakala entloko kancinci.
Soloko ukhumbula ukuba nakuphi na ukwenzakala entloko, nokuba kuncinci kangakanani na, kunokuba yingozi. Funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza, ingakumbi ukuba kukho utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha emva kwengozi.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu?
Nangona le meko inokwenzeka nakubani na owenzeka entloko, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.
- Abantu Abaselula: Le meko ixhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwabantu abaselula.
- Abantu abaphuke ulusu lwentloko: Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu kwiingozi apho ulusu lwentloko luphuke khona.
- Abantu bezemidlalo: Abantu abadlala imidlalo, ingakumbi ukukhwela ibhayisekile, ukutyibiliza i-skateboard, i-rugby, kunye ne-cricket, basengozini enkulu yeengozi.
- Iingozi zeemoto: Le meko inokubangelwa kukwenzakala entloko kwiingozi zeemoto okanye zeebhayisekile, nto leyo exhaphake kakhulu eSri Lanka.
- Amadoda: Amadoda anamathuba aphindwe kane okuba ne-EDH kunabafazi.
Le meko ayifane yenzeke kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emibini ubudala nakubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala.
Zithini iimpawu zoku? Ungazibona njani?
Eyona nto iyingozi neyodwa ngale ndlela yindlela ezibonakala ngayo iimpawu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kodwa hayi wonke umntu, unokubona le ndlela:
1. Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo ekuqaleni: Emva nje kokwenzakala entloko, ingqondo iyalahleka imizuzwana okanye imizuzu embalwa.
2. Ikhefu Elilumkileyo: Emva koko, ubuyela ezingqondweni, uthethe ngokuqhelekileyo ngokungathi akukho nto ingalunganga, uze uzive uphilile iiyure ezimbalwa. Eli xesha silibiza ngokuba yi-'Ikhefu Elilumkileyo'. Eli lixesha eliyingozi nelikhohlisayo . Kuba ukuba uthatha isigulana usiyise ekhaya ucinga ukuba siphilile, kunokuba yingxaki enkulu.
3. Ukuwohloka ngokukhawuleza: Emva kweeyure ezimbalwa, xa igazi eliqokelelene ngaphakathi liqala ukucinezela ingqondo, imeko yesigulana iba mandundu ngequbuliso. Basenokuphinda balahlekelwe zingqondo baze bade bafe.
Ukongeza kule ndlela iphambili, ezi mpawu zinokubonakala kwimizuzu ukuya kwiiyure emva kwengozi.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu | Akufani nentloko eqhelekileyo, inokuba yintloko ebuhlungu kakhulu enganyamezelekiyo. |
| Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza | Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo. |
| Iliso elinye likhulisiwe. | Ukuba ujonga iimbombo zamehlo omabini, uya kubona ukuba elinye likhulu kunelinye. Olu luphawu loxinzelelo engqondweni. |
| Ukudideka | Ulahlekelwa yinkumbulo yakho yokuba ukuphi, lixesha lini, kwaye kwenzeke ntoni, kwaye uzive ungakhululekanga. |
| Utshintsho lwebali | Amagama awakwazi ukubizwa ngokucacileyo. |
| Isiyezi kunye nokungabi nangqondo | Icala elinye lomzimba, umzekelo ingalo yasekunene nomlenze, lisenokuvakala ngathi lilahlekelwa bubomi balo. |
Ukuba imeko iba mandundu...
Ukuba ukopha akuyeki kwaye akunyangeki, uxinzelelo engqondweni luya kwanda kwaye iimpawu ziya kuba mandundu.
- Ukuxhuzula
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla
- Ukulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi wobuchopho
- Imeko ye-Coma
- Ukufa ekugqibeleni
Yintoni ebangela oku?
Eyona nto iphambili kukwenzakala entloko . Malunga ne-75% yeemeko ze-EDH zihamba nokuqhekeka kwentloko. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo kukwaphuka kwethambo lexesha, ingakumbi ngaphezulu kwendlebe, okubangela umonakalo kumthambo wegazi ophakathi, umthambo wegazi odlula kuwo.
Kodwa kunqabile kakhulu, le meko inokwenzeka ngezinye izizathu ngaphandle kwengozi.
- Usulelo/ithumba
- Iingxaki zokuqunjelwa kwegazi (i-Coagulopathy)
- Iithumba zobuchopho ezibangela ukopha kwegazi
- Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemithambo yegazi
Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le nto?
Xa umntu eziswa esibhedlele emva kokwenzakala entloko, ingakumbi ukuba uneempawu ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili, oogqirha baya kukhawuleza benze iimvavanyo ezininzi.
- I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography): Le yindlela ephambili nekhawulezayo. Kufana nokuthatha umfanekiso we-X-ray onemilinganiselo emithathu (3D) wangaphakathi kwentloko. Oku kungabona ngokucacileyo apho ihlwili legazi likhona, ubungakanani balo, kunye noxinzelelo olungakanani olulubeka engqondweni.
- Iskeni ye-MRI (Umfanekiso weMagnetic Resonance):Olu luvavanyo lokujonga ngaphakathi kwengqondo. Luneenkcukacha ezingaphezulu kune-CT scan, kodwa ludla ngokuba luvavanyo lokuqala olwenziwa xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Ngamanye amaxesha uvavanyo lwegazi lwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho ingxaki yokujiya kwegazi.
Inyangwa njani? Ngaba utyando luyimfuneko?
I-epidural hematoma yingxamiseko yezonyango edla ngokufuna utyando olukhawulezileyo . Ngaphandle kokunciphisa uxinzelelo engqondweni, ukonakala kwengqondo okusisigxina okanye ukufa kunokwenzeka. Isigqibo sokufuna utyando sisekelwe kwizinto ezifana nezi:
- Isigulane siphethwe yintloko ebuhlungu kakhulu.
- Ukwehla kokusebenza kwengqondo (ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ukudideka).
- Kufunyenwe ihlwili legazi elikhulu (i-hematoma) kwi-CT scan.
Utyando
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zotyando.
1. Ukususwa kweCraniotomy kunye neHematoma: Le yeyona nkqubo ixhaphakileyo. Kule nkqubo, ugqirha otyandayo ususa okwethutyana inxalenye encinci yekhakayi aze asuse ngokupheleleyo ihlwili legazi elingaphakathi. Umthambo wegazi uyachongwa kwaye uyeke, kwaye inxalenye esusiweyo yekhakayi incamathiselwe kwakhona ngephini elincinci.
2. Imingxunya yeBurr: Enye indlela kukugrumba umngxuma omnye okanye engaphezulu kwikhakayi uze ukhuphe igazi kuyo. Le ndlela inokunciphisa ngokukhawuleza uxinzelelo engqondweni. Ngamanye amaxesha ityhubhu ishiywa endaweni yayo kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa emva kotyando ukuze kususwe naliphi na igazi eliqhubeka liqokelelana.
Unyango oluGcinileyo
Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba ihlwili legazi lincinci kakhulu, alifaki uxinzelelo olukhulu engqondweni, kwaye isigulana asinazo iimpawu eziqatha, oogqirha banokugqiba ekubeni bangasityandi. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, isigulana sigcinwa kwigumbi lokhathalelo olunzulu (ICU) kwaye sijongwa ngokusondeleyo nge-CT scans rhoqo ukuze kubonwe ukuba ihlwili legazi liya likhula na. Imizimba yethu inokuphinda ifunxe igazi elincinci ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Ezinye iindlela zonyango
Emva kotyando, amayeza anjenge-``mannitol, i-hypertonic saline`` anikwa ukunciphisa ukudumba kunye noxinzelelo engqondweni. Kwakhona, ekubeni kukho umngcipheko wokuxhuzula emva kokwenzakala entloko, ngamanye amaxesha amayeza ayanikwa ukuthintela oku.
Ukuba kukho nawuphi na umonakalo engqondweni, unyango lokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo olufana nonyango lomzimba, unyango lomsebenzi, kunye nonyango lokuthetha lunokufuneka ukunceda isigulana siphile.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-Epidural kunye ne-Subdural Hematoma?
Usenokuba ukhe weva nge-'Subdural Hematoma'. Nangona zombini ziphuma igazi engqondweni, kukho umahluko ocacileyo phakathi kwazo zombini. Oku kubalulekile ukwazi.
| Uphawu | I-Epidural Hematoma (EDH) | I-Hematoma engaphantsi kwe-subdural |
|---|---|---|
| Indawo yokudibanisa igazi | Phakathi kwekhakayi kunye nesigqubuthelo esingaphandle sobuchopho (i-dura mater). | Phakathi kweDura Mater kunye nesigqubuthelo sesibini esingaphantsi kwayo (iArachnoid). |
| Umthambo wegazi obangela | Idla ngokubangelwa kukuqhekeka komthambo wegazi. Ukopha kuyakhawuleza . | Idla ngokubangelwa ngumthambo oqhekekileyo. Ukopha kwenzeka kancinci kancinci . |
| Iimpawu ziyavela | Ivela ngokukhawuleza (kwiiyure ezimbalwa) emva kwengozi. | Isenokubonakala kancinci kancinci (nangona emva kweentsuku okanye iiveki). |
| Okuhlala kwenzeka | Kubantu abancinci, kwiingozi apho ukhakhayi luqhekeke khona. | Ixhaphakile kubantu abadala (ingqondo iyancipha njengoko ikhula, nto leyo ebangela ukuxinana kwegazi emzimbeni) |
| Izinga lokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo | Izinga lokunyangwa liphezulu ukuba lifunyaniswe kwaye linyangwa kwangethuba . | Izinga lokufa liphezulu kunelo le-Epidural Hematoma. |
Yintoni omawuyenze ukuba umntu obethe entloko unezi mpawu?
Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo. Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unezinye zezi mpawu zilandelayo emva kokubetheka entloko,Mse kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele esikufutshane ngaphandle kokulibazisa.
- Ukuba ulahlekelwa zingqondo (nokuba ngumzuzwana)
- Ukuba unentloko ebuhlungu kakhulu
- Ukuba ibali liyabhideka
- Ukuba uziva udidekile okanye ulele
- Ukuba ukuhlanza kwenzeka
- Ukuba izangqa ezimnyama emehlweni omabini azifani (ukuba enye inkulu)
- Ukuba unesiyezi okanye ubunzima bokuhamba
- Ukuba elinye icala lomzimba liziva lingenabomi
- Ukuba kwenzeka ukuxhuzula
Khumbula, uphawu oluphambili lwe-'Epidural Hematoma' kukuba imeko iba mandundu emva kokwenzakala entloko, ize iphucuke okwethutyana. Ngoko ke musa ukuhlala ekhaya ucinge nje, "Kulungile ngoku." Ngokuqinisekileyo bonana nogqirha.
Ngaba iingozi ezinje azinakuthintelwa?
Asinakuyithintela iingozi nge-100%, kodwa zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko.
- Nxiba isigcina-ntloko: Xa ukhwela ibhayisekile, ibhayisekile, okanye udlala imidlalo efana neragbi okanye ikhilikithi, qiniseka ukuba unxibe isigcina-ntloko esisemgangathweni ofanelekileyo.
- Nxiba ibhanti yesihlalo: Nxiba ibhanti yesihlalo nanini na xa usemotweni.
- Sebenzisa izixhobo zokhuseleko: Nxiba izigcina-ntloko zokhuseleko ezifanelekileyo ukuba usebenza kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, kwishishini lokwakha, okanye nakweyiphi na imisebenzi enokubangela ingozi entlokweni yakho.
- Kuphephe ukuntywila kwiindawo ezingaziwayo: Kuphephe ukuntywila kwimilambo nakwimilambo engaziwayo, kuba kusenokubakho amatye okanye ezinye izithintelo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Epidural Hematoma (EDH) yimeko enzima nesongela ubomi apho igazi liqokelelana phakathi kwekhakayi kunye nesigqubuthelo sangaphandle sobuchopho, nto leyo ebeka uxinzelelo engqondweni.
- Enye yezona mpawu ziyingozi zokuxinwa yingxolo lixesha elifutshane lokungazi nto, kulandele iiyure ezimbalwa zokuchacha, kulandele ukuba imeko ibe mandundu ngequbuliso (Lucid Interval).
- Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu, ukuhlanza, iliso elikhulu elimnyama, ukudideka, kunye nokuthetha okungacacanga ziimpawu ezifuna ingqalelo ekhawulezileyo.
- Musa ukuyityeshela nayiphi na ingozi entloko, nokuba incinci kangakanani na. Ukuba unezinye zeempawu ezichazwe apha ngasentla, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- Ukuba ihlwili legazi lifunyenwe kwangethuba lize lisuswe ngotyando, amathuba okuchacha ngokupheleleyo aphezulu kakhulu. Ukulibaziseka kunokuba yingozi ebomini.
- Khusela intloko yakho kwiingozi ezinzulu ngolu hlobo ngokusebenzisa izigcina-ntloko zokuzikhusela kunye neebhanti zokhuseleko.
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