Ingaba umphimbo wakho uqhekekile? (Ukuqhekeka koMsiphelo) Oku kunzulu, makhe sifumane iinkcukacha!

Ngaba wakha waziva iintlungu eziqatha esifubeni, ubunzima bokuginya, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla? Ngamaxesha anjalo, asicingi nokucinga ngayo, kodwa inokuba yingozi kakhulu. Enye imeko enzima esiza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje kukuqhekeka komqala, okanye `(Ukuqhekeka Komqala)`. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku, kuba unyango olukhawulezileyo lunokusindisa ubomi.

Yintoni ukuqhambuka komqala? Ngamafutshane...

I-esophagus yityhubhu ethwala ukutya esikutyayo nesikuselayo ukusuka emlonyeni ukuya esiswini sethu. Yicinge njengombhobho wamanzi. Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho umngxuma, ukukrazuka, okanye umkrwelo naphi na eludongeni lwale esophagus, yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba kukuqhekeka kwe-esophagus.

Ngoku mhlawumbi ucinga, "Yintoni ke le inkulu kangaka?" Hayi, le yimeko embi kakhulu . Cinga ngayo, i-trachea yethu ifumaneka ngaphakathi esifubeni, phakathi kwemiphunga. Akukuphela nje kokutya esikutyayo nesikuselayo, kodwa neentsholongwane kunye neekhemikhali ezinxulumene nenkqubo yethu yokugaya zidlula kule trachea. Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho umngxuma kwi-trachea, zonke ezi zinto zinokuqokelelana ngaphakathi esifubeni, emiphungeni, okanye egazini. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka , izifo ezinzulu zinokwenzeka, ezinokuba yingozi ebomini.

Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza, zingadlulanga iiyure ezingama-24, ukuba urhanela ukuba le meko iyenzeka. Ngamanye amaxesha, inokunyangeka ngenkqubo efana ne-"Endoscopy" okanye utyando.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Enyanisweni, ukugqabhuka kwengqula yimeko engaqhelekanga . Oko kuthetha ukuba asinto efunyanwa ngumntu wonke. Kodwa ukuba umntu uyayifumana, imbi kakhulu, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uyiqaphele.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwengxolo eqhumayo kunye nezinye iimeko?

Ngamanye amaxesha abantu bayayibhidanisa le meko nezinye izifo ezineempawu ezifanayo. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi ezo.

Ukuqhuma Kwe-Esophageal kunye neMallory-Weiss Tear

I-"Mallory-Weiss tear" yinkqayi okanye ukukrazuka okukwi-esophagus. Ayingeni yonke indlela eludongeni lwe-esophagus , oko kuthetha ukuba ayiwenzi umngxuma. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-esophagus eqhekekileyo, udonga luqhekekile ngokupheleleyo.

Ukunyuka kwe-Esophageal kunye nokunyuka kwe-Esophageal Variceal

Kulapho imithambo yegazi kwi-urethra idumba, ikhukhumale, ize iqhume. Oku kunokubangela ukopha okuninzi , kodwa akuthethi ukuba i-urethra ngokwayo iqhumile. Udonga lwe-urethra alonakali.

Kwenzeka njani le ndlela yokukrazula iinyembezi?

Amaxesha amaninzi, ukukrazuka komphimbo kwenzeka xa umphimbo wonakele ngandlela thile . Lo monakalo unokuba ngaphandle okanye ngaphakathi. Amanye amanxeba angenzeka ngequbuliso, ngenxa yengozi, ngelixa amanye anokukhula kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Kunqabile kakhulu, umqala unokuqhekeka ngequbuliso ngenxa yoxinzelelo olugqithisileyo. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-"Boerhaave's syndrome." Oku kwenzeka rhoqo xa kukho ukuhlanza okugqithisileyo nokwahlala ixesha elide.

Yintoni eyona nto ibangela ukuba umphimbo uqhekeke?

Amaxesha amaninzi, ukuqhekeka komqala kubangelwa kukonakala okwenzeka ngexesha lonyango (`ukuqhekeka kwe-iatrogenic`). Oku kunokwenzeka ngakumbi ngexesha lonyango olubandakanya ukufakwa kwe-`endoscope`` kumqala. I-`endoscope`` yityhubhu encinci enekhamera eqhotyoshelwe kuyo. Ifakwa ngomlomo kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuhlola nokunyanga umqala.

Ngaba zikho ezinye izizathu?

Ewe, kukho ezinye izizathu ezininzi:

• Utyando oluya emqaleni, ingakumbi iNissen fundoplication kunye ne-myotomy.
• Ukuzibophelela kakhulu: iimeko ezibandakanya ukuzibophelela kakhulu, njengokuhlanza okuqhubekayo, ukuphakamisa izinto ezinzima, ukuxhuzula, okanye ukuzala.
• Ukuginya into engaqhelekanga okanye ikhemikhali ebukhali: Ngamanye amaxesha abantwana abancinci banokuginya ngempazamo iingqekembe, iziqwenga zezinto zokudlala, okanye ukuba umntu usela into ebukhali, njenge-asidi.
• Ukwenzakala ngaphandle komqala: Izinto ezifana nenxeba lokuhlatywa, inxeba lokudutyulwa, okanye ukudutyulwa ngenxa yengozi yemoto.
• I-Chronic acid reflux (GERD): Ukubuyela kwe-asidi yesisu kwi-esophagus kunokubangela ukuba kubekho izilonda, ezinokujula kancinci kancinci zize zibangele ukugqobhoka kwe-esophagus.
• Uxinzelelo olubangelwa sisisu okanye into yangaphandle ebambekileyo kwi-urethra: Oku kunokubangela ukufa kwezicubu (necrosis) kwi-urethra.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yoku?

I-urethra yethu yahlukile kancinci kwezinye izitho zomzimba. Oko kukuthi, ngokungafaniyo nezinye izitho zomzimba , i-urethra ayinayo into yokukhusela (i-serosal layer) ngaphandle . Oku kwenza i-urethra ibe sesichengeni sokonakala. Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu ukuba kukho usulelo, ukudumba, okanye ukwenzakala ngaphakathi kwe-urethra.

Ukuba ukhe waba nayo nayiphi na kwezi meko zilandelayo ngaphambili, umngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-uvula eqhekekileyo unokwanda kancinci:

• I-gastritis engapheliyo (`I-reflux ye-asidi engapheliyo / i-GERD`).
• I-Eosinophilic esophagitis (imeko ebangela ukudumba kwi-esophagus).
• I-Esophageal diverticulum (iproteni encinci efana nengxowa eludongeni lomqala).
• Ukuba nomhlaza womqala okanye ukuba ukhe wafumana unyango lwemitha kwi-esophagus.
• Ukusetyenziswa kotywala ngokugqithisileyo.
• Ekubeni ndikhe ndatyandwa umphimbo ngaphambili.

Zithini iimpawu zoku? Masifumanise ngqo!

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-larynx eqhekekileyo zezi:

• Intlungu ebuhlungu esifubeni - Olu luphawu oluphambili.
• Ubunzima bokuginya .
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo .
• Isantya sentliziyo esikhawulezayo .
• Isicaphucaphu .
• Ukuhlanza igazi .
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi .
• Ifiva .

Amaxesha amaninzi, ukukrazuka kwenzeka embindini okanye ezantsi kwesifuba. Kwimeko enjalo, intlungu ivakala esifubeni. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukukrazuka kwenzeka kwinxalenye ephezulu okanye esezantsi kakhulu yomqala, intlungu inokuvakala entanyeni, esiswini esingaphezulu, okanye egxalabeni lasekunene.

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, musa ukuzityeshela. Kubalulekile ukufuna uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza, ingakumbi ukuba ezi mpawu zihamba nentlungu yesifuba engxamisekileyo neqatha.

Zeziphi iingxaki eziyingozi ezinokubangela oku?

Xa okungaphakathi esiswini kunye neentsholongwane kuvuza ngomngxuma osemqaleni, zonke iintlobo zeemeko eziyingozi zinokwenzeka. Khawuthelekelele, kufana netanki yamanzi engcolileyo enomngxuma kuyo namanzi achitheka yonke indawo.

• Kunokubakho ukudumba kwamakhemikhali (i-pleurisy) kwengaphakathi lesifuba.
• Ulwelo luqokelelana ngaphakathi kwesifuba (i-pleural effusion), enokuqhuma.
• Umoya ungabanjwa kwindawo ephakathi kwemiphunga (i-'mediastinum') ('mediastinal emphysema').
• Oku kuvutha kunokubangela ukufa kwezicubu (necrosis) esifubeni okanye phakathi kwemiphunga.
• Usulelo lwegazi olubangelwa yibhaktiriya (`septicemia`) lunokwenzeka.
• Xa le meko "ye-septicemia" iba mandundu, inokukhokelela kwimeko esongela ubomi ebizwa ngokuba yi-"sepsis", enokukhokelela ekugqibeleni kwi-"septic shock" kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwamalungu omzimba.

Konke oku kubonisa indlela enzulu ngayo ingxolo eqhekekileyo.

Ungazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba umphimbo wakho uqhekekile? Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

Ukuba unesikrokro sokuba unale meko, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka esibhedlele (ER) ngoko nangoko. Intlungu ebuhlungu, ubunzima bokuginya, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla zonke ziimpawu zengxamiseko. Qiniseka ukuba uxelela ugqirha wakho ngqo indlela eziqale ngayo iimpawu zakho kunye nokuba kwenzeke ntoni ngelo xesha.

Ukuba ezi mpawu ziqale emva kwengozi, ukuginya into engafanelekanga, okanye ukuhlanza kakhulu, isenokuba ngumphunga okrazukileyo. Ugqirha uza kukhangela ubungqina boku.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le nto?

Ugqirha uza kuyalela iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuze kuhlolwe ukuba akukho kukrazuka kwi-esophagus.

• Okokuqala, i-X-ray yesifuba idla ngokwenziwa ukujonga ukuvuza kolwelo okanye amaqamza omoya esifubeni.
• Ukuqinisekisa oku, ungacelwa ukuba wenze olunye uvavanyo lwe-X-ray olunobuzaza olubizwa ngokuba yi-esophagogram . Kolu vavanyo, usela ulwelo olunemibala (idayi yokwahluka) kwaye kuthathwa i-X-ray. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ubone kakuhle ingaphakathi lomqala wakho. Ukuba olu lwelo lunemibala luphuma emngxunyeni, luya kubonakala ngokucacileyo kwi-X-ray. Oku kunokubonisa ukuba umngxunya uphi kwaye uvuza ngokukhawuleza kangakanani.
• Ngamaxesha athileKungacetyiswa ne-CT scan. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba kukho ukukrazuka kumqala ongaphezulu okanye osezantsi. I-CT scan inokunceda ekuchongeni iindawo ezinamanzi aqokelelene entanyeni okanye esiswini kwaye iqinisekise ukuba kufuneka zisuswe na.

Luluphi unyango lwale nto?

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango zoku:

• Ulwelo olufakwa emthanjeni (ii-IV fluids): Ukubuyisela ulwelo olulahlekileyo ngenxa yokopha, ukuhlanza, okanye ukungakwazi ukusela.
• Ii-antibiotics ze-IV kunye/okanye ii-antifungals: Ukuthintela naluphi na usulelo okanye ukunyanga usulelo olukhoyo.
• Ukutya nge-IV okanye ukondla ngetyhubhu: Awuyi kukwazi ukuginya ukutya ngomlomo ngexesha lonyango nade uphile.
• Ukukhupha ulwelo oluhamba ngesikhumba: Oku kunokuba yimfuneko ukususa nokubulala iintsholongwane kulwelo olusulelekileyo oluqokelelene kwimingxuma yomzimba wakho. Ugqirha wakho uya kuzama ukususa olu lwelo ngokufaka inaliti okanye ityhubhu esifubeni sakho ngokukhawuleza.
• Unyango lwe-Endoskopu: Ezinye iinyembezi ezincinci nezincinci zinokunyangwa ngaphandle kotyando kusetyenziswa i-endoskopu. I-endoskopu yityhubhu ende enekhamera eqhotyoshelweyo. Ifakwa ngomqala iye kwi-esophagus kwaye iinyembezi zinokulungiswa ngee-clip, i-sutures, i-vacuum sponge, okanye i-stent.
• Utyando: Abanye abantu badinga utyando ukuze kulungiswe ngqo ukukrazuka. Ngexesha lotyando, ugqirha otyandayo ususa ulwelo olugqithisileyo kunye nezicubu ezifileyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, ugqirha wakho otyandayo angasebenzisa inkqubo engangenisi kakhulu, efana ne -Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) . Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko ezingxamisekileyo, utyando oluvulekileyo lunokufuneka. Oku kuvumela ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza nangokungcono kwindawo eyonakeleyo.

Ingaba kunokwenzeka ukuba uphunyuke kule meko? Ingakanani amathuba okuchacha?

Ewe, ingxolo eqhumayo inokunyangeka. Nangona kunjalo, ikamva lakho lixhomekeke ekubeni ufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Okukhona intsholongwane isasazeka esifubeni ize ingene egazini, kokukhona umngcipheko wakho uphezulu.

Abo bafumana unyango kwiiyure ezingama-24 zokuqala emva kokuqhekeka banethuba eliphezulu lokuchacha ngokupheleleyo. Izinga lokusinda kweli qela limalunga nama-85%. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iiyure ezingama-48 ziyadlula ngaphandle konyango, elo zinga lehla liye kuma-50%.

Ngaba oku akubonisi ukuba unyango lwangethuba lubaluleke kangakanani?

Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuya Ekhaya

Ingxolo eqhumayo yimeko eyoyikisayo kodwa engaqhelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iyenzeka, kunokuba nzima ukuyibona kwangoko. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba ungaze uyityeshele intlungu yesifuba.

Umqala wethu ubhityile kwaye kulula ukuwulimaza. Ungonakala ngeendlela ezingalindelekanga. Xa oko kusenzeka, usenokungaqondi ukuba intlungu ivela phi okanye ithetha ukuthini. Nangona kunjalo, musa ukucinga nje ukuba, "Oku kuza kuphela."

Ukuba ukhe waba nentlungu esifubeni ngequbuliso, enzima, okanye intlungu emqaleni okanye esiswini esingaphezulu, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka ngokukhawuleza. Nokuba ukubhoboza okuncinci kunokukhokelela kusulelo kunye nazo zonke iingxaki eziyingozi esithethe ngazo ngaphambili. Ubomi bakho buxabisekile, ngoko ke qaphela iimpawu kwaye ufune unyango ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuqhekeka komlomo , Intlungu yesifuba, Ubunzima bokuginya, Ubunzima bokuphefumla, Isifo sikaBoerhaave, Unyango oluNgxamisekileyo