Ngaba nawe ukhathazekile ngezi mpawu zingapheliyo empumlweni yakho? Makhe sithethe nge-Esthesioneuroblastoma.

Ngaba nawe unempumlo evalekileyo ngalo lonke ixesha? Okanye uphuma nje igazi? Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva ngathi ivumba lakho liyancipha? Ezi zinto zinokwenzeka xa unesifo somkhuhlane okanye ingxaki ye-sinus. Kodwa ukuba ezi mpawu ziyaqhubeka, mhlawumbi yinto ekufuneka uyixhalabele ngakumbi. Kwimeko enjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-Esthesioneuroblastoma, esiza kuthetha ngayo.

Yintoni i-Esthesioneuroblastoma?

Ngamafutshane, i-esthesioneuroblastoma luhlobo lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga . Luhlobo lomhlaza oluvela entloko nasentanyeni. Oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha bayibiza ngokuba yi-"olfactory neuroblastoma." Kolu hlobo lomhlaza, iithumba ezinomhlaza zikhula "kwimingxunya yempumlo", izithuba ezingaphakathi kwempumlo yakho. Ezi thumba zonakalisa imithambo-luvo kunye nezicubu ezikunceda ukuvumba.

Nangona le meko ichaphazela kakhulu abantu abadala, ngamanye amaxesha inokuchaphazela abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abancinci (abakwishumi elivisayo). Unyango ludla ngokubandakanya utyando lokususa ithumba, kulandele unyango lwemitha. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba i-esthesioneuroblastoma inokuphinda ibuye ngamanye amaxesha, oogqirha bacebisa ukuba kuhlolwe rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayibuyanga.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga . Kwihlabathi liphela, sichaphazela malunga nomntu omnye kwizigidi ezi-2.5 ngonyaka. Uninzi lwabantu lufunyaniswa luphakathi kweminyaka engama-50 ukuya kwengama-70. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, sinokuvela nakubantwana nakubantu abadala abancinci. Enyanisweni, uhlobo lomhlaza wempumlo oluqhelekileyo kubantwana nakubantu abadala abancinci yi-Esthesioneuroblastoma.

Zithini iimpawu ze-Esthesioneuroblastoma?

Xa unesi simo, unokuziva ngathi une-sinus okanye ezinye iingxaki ze-sinus. Iimpawu eziphambili ziquka:

• Ukulahlekelwa yimvakalelo yokuvumba (anosmia): Usenokulahlekelwa yimvakalelo yakho yokuvumba ngequbuliso, okanye imvakalelo yakho yokuvumba isenokuncipha kakhulu.
• Ukuxinana kwempumlo: Ukuziva uxinene rhoqo empumlweni, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuphefumla.
• Ukopha kwempumlo okuphindaphindwayo (`i-epistaxis ephindaphindwayo`): Ukopha okuphuma empumlweni, nokuba kungenjongo okanye ngesizathu esincinci. Oku kukopha kunokuba nzima ukukuphelisa.

Ukuba sele unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu ixesha elide, ngokuqinisekileyo kungcono ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.

Yintoni ebangela i-esthesioneuroblastoma?

Inyaniso kukuba, esi sifoUnobangela ochanekileyo awukafunyanwa. Iingcali zisaphanda oku. Zikholelwa ukuba utshintsho lwemfuza (`utshintsho lwe-chromosome`) okanye utshintsho lwe-mutations (`utshintsho lwe-mutations`) lunokuba lubandakanyeka. Kodwa akukho sigqibo siqinileyo esifikelelweyo okwangoku.

Zithini iingxaki zesi sifo?

I-Esthesioneuroblastoma ngumhlaza ontsonkothileyo.

• Ukuphinda-phinda: Kuqhelekile ukuba lo mhlaza ubuye nasemva konyango. Ngamanye amaxesha ungabuya emva kweminyaka emininzi unyango. Xa ubuyela, ungabuya kwindawo efanayo naleyo wawuyiyo ngaphambili, okanye ungasasazeka kwizicwili ezikufutshane. Kunqabile kakhulu, ungasasazeka kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba.
• Ukusasazeka kwezinye iindawo (i-metastasize): Ukuba ayinyangwa, lo mhlaza unokusasazeka uye kwingqondo okanye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Izifundo zibonise ukuba lo mhlaza uhlala usasazeka uye kwiisinus. Nangona kunjalo, unokusasazeka nakwii-lymph nodes entanyeni, emiphungeni nasemathanjeni.

Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxilonga esi sifo kwangethuba, ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo, uze emva koko uhlolwe rhoqo ngugqirha.

Ifunyanwa njani i-Esthesioneuroblastoma?

Oogqirha basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo ukufumanisa esi sifo. Ezi zingabandakanya:

• I-CT scan: Oku kungathatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zangaphakathi lomzimba, njenge-X-ray ekhethekileyo.
• I-MRI scan: Oku kunokuvelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo yezicubu kunye namalungu angaphakathi emzimbeni.
• I-endoscopy yempumlo: Oku kuquka ukufaka ityhubhu encinci enekhamera encinci empumlweni ukuze kuhlolwe ingaphakathi lempumlo kunye nemingxuma ye-sinus.
• I-PET scan: Oku kungabona ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza na emzimbeni.

Emva kwezi mvavanyo, ukuba ugqirha unamathandabuzo, uza kuthatha iqhekeza lesicwili asihlolisise ukuze aqinisekise ukuba ngumhlaza na. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-biopsy .

Zithini izigaba ze-Esthesioneuroblastoma?

Ukulinganisa umhlaza yindlela yokufumanisa ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani kwaye unjani na uhlobo lwawo. Eli nqanaba lisetyenziselwa ukucwangcisa unyango kunye nokuqikelela ikhondo lesifo elizayo (ukuxela kwangaphambili). Kukho izigaba ezine eziphambili ze-esthesioneuroblastoma:

• Inqanaba A: Iiseli zomhlaza zikhule zaba yithumba ngaphakathi kwimpumlo.
• Inqanaba B: Umhlaza usasazeke ngqo ukusuka emngxunyeni wempumlo ukuya kwiimpumlo.
• Inqanaba C:Umhlaza usasazeke ukusuka kwimpumlo nakwiisinuses ukuya emehlweni okanye ebuchotsheni.
• Inqanaba D: Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba umhlaza usasazeke nakwamanye amalungu omzimba, umzekelo, ii-lymph nodes entanyeni, kumongo wethambo, okanye emiphungeni.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-Esthesioneuroblastoma?

Oogqirha badla ngokwenza utyando lokususa ezi thumba zinomhlaza. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zotyando:

• Utyando lwe-Endoscopic: Oku kuquka ukudlulisa ikhamera encinci kunye nezixhobo ngempumlo ukususa ithumba ngaphandle kokwenza utyando lwangaphandle.
• Utyando lwe-craniofacial: Olu lutyando oluntsonkothileyo. Lubandakanya iindawo zobuso kunye nolusu.
• I-Craniotomy: Oku kuquka ukususa inxalenye yentloko kunye nokususa iithumba ezijikeleze ingqondo.

Ukongeza kolu tyando, kukho nezinye iindlela zonyango:

• Unyango ngemitha: Olu nyango lusetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza ezinokuthi zihlale emva kotyando.
• I-Chemotherapy: Olu nyango lusetyenziswa xa iithumba zingenakususwa ngokukhuselekileyo ngotyando.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuchacha emva kotyando?

Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lotyando olwenzayo. Kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele iintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintlanu. Emva koko, uya kubuyela ekhaya uqhubeke nokuchacha kwakho. Kungathatha inyanga okanye ezimbini ukuba unyango lwemitha luqale.

Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?

Utyando, unyango lwemitha, kunye ne-chemotherapy zonke ezi zinto zinokuba nemiphumo emibi eyahlukeneyo.

• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zotyando: Intlungu, ukuxinana kwempumlo, kunye nokusabela kwi-anesthesia kunokwenzeka.
• Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ze-chemotherapy kunye ne-radiation therapy ziquka ukudinwa, urhudo, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokuhlanza.

Ezi ziphumo ebezingalindelekanga azenzeki kuye wonke umntu ngendlela efanayo. Abanye abantu banokuba nazo kakubi kakhulu, ngelixa abanye banokuba nazo kancinci.

Zithini iingxaki zonyango?

Ngamanye amaxesha, unyango lunokubangela iingxaki, ingakumbi xa utyando, ezinje:

• Usulelo.
• Ukopha kakhulu.
• Ukulahlekelwa yimvakalelo yokuvumba okungapheliyo. Uyazi, kukho unxibelelwano olukhulu phakathi kwemvakalelo yethu yokuvumba kunye nemvakalelo yethu yokungcamla. Ngoko ke ukuba ulahlekelwa yimvakalelo yakho yokuvumba, usenokulahlekelwa yimvakalelo yakho yokungcamla.
• Ukuvuza kolwelo lomqolo (CSF). Oku kuxa ulwelo olukhuselayo olujikeleze ingqondo kunye nomqolo luphuma empumlweni.
• Ukuphuma kwempumlo kuvakala komile kwaye kurhabaxa.

Ukuba kwenzeka into efana nale, kufuneka wazise ugqirha ngoko nangoko.

Iyintoni i-prognosis ye-Esthesioneuroblastoma kubantu abadala?

Uqikelelo lwesifo luqikelelo lukagqirha lokuba isifo siza kukuchaphazela njani emva konyango. Oku akufani kuye wonke umntu. Kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Umzekelo:

• Uphi umzimba womhlaza?
• Ingaba umhlaza usasazeke na kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
• Inani lethumba elisusiweyo ngexesha lotyando.
• Iimpawu zeeseli zomhlaza ezibonwa kwiingxelo zelebhu.

Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nendlela imeko yakho ejongeka ngayo, thetha nogqirha wakho kunye neqela lakho lonke lezonyango. Bakwazi kakuhle wena kunye nemeko yakho.

Iyintoni imbonakalo ye-Esthesioneuroblastoma ebantwaneni?

Njengabantu abadala, imeko yabantwana ixhomekeke kwimeko yabo ethile, kuquka indawo ekuyo ithumba, iimpawu zeeseli zomhlaza, ukuba umhlaza usasazeke na, kunye nokuba kususwe kangakanani ngexesha lotyando.

Ingakanani izinga lokusinda kwe-esthesioneuroblastoma?

Oogqirha babala la manani ngokusekelwe kumava abantu abanesifo. Kwimeko yesi sifo, kuqikelelwa ukuba phakathi kwama-50% nama-90% ezigulana ziyaphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu emva kokufunyaniswa ukuba zinesifo.

Kodwa ungoyiki okanye udideke ngala manani 'okusinda'. La ngamanani nje oqikelelo. Oko kukuthi, asekelwe kumava abanye abantu. Oko kwakuyinyani kubo kusenokungabi yinyani kuwe. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga noku, ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha wakho. Uza kukuchazela la manani oqikelelo kunye nendlela asebenza ngayo kwimeko yakho.

Ngaba i-Esthesioneuroblastoma ingabulala?

Ewe, inokubulala . I-Esthesioneuroblastoma inokusasazeka iye emiphungeni okanye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Ingabuya kwakhona emva konyango ize ikhule kwezinye iindawo. I-Esthesioneuroblastoma esasazekileyo (eye yasasazeka) okanye ebuye yabuya (ephindaphindayo) inokuba yingozi ebomini ukuba ayifunyaniswanga kwangethuba. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo. Oku kuvumela ugqirha wakho ukuba enze uvavanyo aze abone umhlaza kwangethuba.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha wam?

Ngenxa yokuba i-esthesioneuroblastoma ingabuya, kufuneka ucebe ukubona iqela lakho lezonyango ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka ubomi bakho bonke. Baza kujonga impilo yakho iyonke. Banokwenza novavanyo lwemifanekiso ukuze babone ukuba umhlaza ubuyile na.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ngenxa yokuba i-esthesioneuroblastoma sisifo esingaqhelekanga, usenokungazi nto ingako ngaso. Nazi ezinye zemibuzo onokuzibuza ugqirha wakho:

• Ingakanani ithumba elikwimpumlo yam?
• Ngaba ndiza kufuna utyando?
• Luhlobo luni lotyando oluza kufuneka ndilwenze?
• Ukuba ndityandwa, ngaba ndiza kuyifumana kwakhona ivumba lam?
• Ziziphi ezinye iindlela zotyando?
• Kufuneka ndize kuhlolwa ngugqirha emva kwexesha elingakanani emva konyango?

I-Esthesioneuroblastoma ngumhlaza ongaqhelekanga okhula ngaphakathi empumlweni. Ukhula ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngamanye amaxesha abantu bacinga ukuba iimpawu ezifana nokuxinana kwempumlo, ukopha empumlweni, kunye nokulahlekelwa livumba azikho nzulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba bathethe nogqirha ngazo.

Ewe, ngamanye amaxesha ukopha impumlo kungaba kukopha impumlo. Kodwa ukuba impumlo yakho iqhubeka nokopha, impumlo yakho evalekileyo ayibonakali ingcono, okanye uzive ngathi ulahlekelwe yivumba, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka uthethe nogqirha. Angajonga imeko yakho aze acebise amanyathelo alandelayo.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo oya nawo ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku uyaqonda into ebesithetha ngayo, i-Esthesioneuroblastoma. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule zezi zinto:

• Lo ngumhlaza ongaqhelekanga: ngoko ke ungoyiki xa usiva eli gama.
• Lumka ngeempawu: Musa ukuzityeshela izinto ezinje ngokuxinana kwempumlo rhoqo, ukopha rhoqo, kunye nokuncipha kwevumba njengezinto eziqhelekileyo, ingakumbi ukuba ziyaqhubeka.
• Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kubalulekile: Njengakwesiphi na isifo, ukufunyanwa kwangoko kwandisa amathuba onyango oluphumelelayo.
• Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwezonyango: Kwanasemva konyango, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo njengoko ugqirha wakho ekucebisile, kuba lo mhlaza ungaphinda ubuye.
• Mthembe ugqirha wakho: Thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye izinto ezikuxhalabisayo. Ngabo banokukunika icebiso elingcono.

Khumbula, nguwe omele ukhathazeke kakhulu ngempilo yakho. Ukuba uziva into engaqhelekanga, nokuba yeyiphi na into encinci, akukaze kube kudala ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.

I- Esthesioneuroblastoma, i-Esthesioneuroblastoma, Umhlaza wempumlo, Ukulahlekelwa yivumba, Ukopha empumlweni, Umhlaza wentloko nentamo, Unyango lomhlaza