Ngaba uyayazi iFallopian Tube Cancer? Makhe sithethe ngayo!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva ngathi isisu sakho sigcwele, okanye uhlala uziva iintlungu ezincinci esiswini sakho esisezantsi? Usenokucinga ukuba kuyinto eqhelekileyo, okanye mhlawumbi yingxaki yokugaya ukutya. Kodwa ezi mpawu zincinci, ingakumbi njengabasetyhini, akufuneki zibekwe bucala. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngohlobo lomhlaza abantu abaninzi abangazange beve ngalo, kodwa lubaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yabasetyhini. Lo ngumhlaza wetyhubhu ye-fallopian.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni umhlaza wetyhubhu ye-Fallopian?

Kulungile, masiqale ekuqaleni. IiFallopian Tubes ziityhubhu ezimbini ezincinci kakhulu ezithwala amaqanda ukusuka kwii-ovari zethu ukuya kwisibeleko. Ngamafutshane, zezona nxalenye ibalulekileyo yenkqubo apho iqanda lidibana nesidoda ukuze lenze umntwana. Ngoko ke lo mhlaza uqala kwiiseli ezingaphakathi kwezi tubes ze-fallopian.

Ixesha elininzi, lo mhlaza uqala kwizicubu ezikwiityhubhu ze-fallopian. Ngokwezonyango, esi sibizwa ngokuba yi-epithelial tissue. Okumangalisayo kukuba, indlela lo mhlaza oziphatha ngayo, indlela osasazeka ngayo, kunye nendlela esiwuphatha ngayo zifana kakhulu nomhlaza wesibeleko. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha benyanga kwaye bephatha zombini ezi cancer ngendlela efanayo.

Eyona ngxaki inkulu ngalo mhlaza kukuba awubonisi zimpawu kwizigaba zokuqala kwaye usasazeka ngokukhawuleza . Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ukuba ufunyenwe ngokuchanekileyo kwizigaba zokuqala kwaye iiseli zomhlaza zinokususwa ngokupheleleyo ngotyando, sisifo esinokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo . Kodwa xa ufunyaniswa, umhlaza sele usasazekile, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukunyanga.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le mhlaza?

Kangangexesha elide, oogqirha babecinga ukuba umhlaza wetyhubhu ye-fallopian luhlobo olungaqhelekanga lomhlaza wabasetyhini. Kuphela yi-1% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza zabasetyhini eziqala kwiiseli zetyhubhu ye-fallopian.

Kodwa uphando olutsha lufumanise ukuba uninzi lweentlobo zomhlaza esihlala sizibiza ngokuba ngumhlaza we-ovarian, obizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza we-ovarian we-epithelial, uqala kwi-fallopian tubes. Ngokukodwa, uqala kwi-fimbriae, iziphelo apho iqanda lingena kwi-fallopian tube lisuka kwi-ovary. Emva koko lisasazeka kumphezulu we-ovary nakwezinye iindawo ze-pelvis kunye nesisu.

Zeziphi iimpawu esifanele sizijonge?

Eyona ngxaki inkulu ngalo mhlaza kukuba iimpawu kunzima ukuzibona kwizigaba zokuqala kwaye sidla ngokuzityeshela, sicinga ukuba ziqhelekile. Usenokungaziboni naziphi na utshintsho olukhulu de umhlaza usasazeke esiswini. Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba sizazi ezi mpawu.

Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezi mpawu kwitheyibhile engezantsi.

Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onembali yomhlaza, okanye ukuba unezinye izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko, kungcono ukubona ugqirha nokuba ubona utshintsho oluncinci olunje.

Zithini izizathu kunye nezinto ezibangela lo mhlaza?

Abaphandi abakafumani unobangela ochanekileyo walo mhlaza. Kodwa siyazi ukuba malunga ne-90% yalo mhlaza ivela kwiiseli ze-glandular ezikwi-organ, "iiseli ze-epithelial" esithethe ngazo ngaphambili. Ezi luhlobo olufanayo lweeseli ezenza umhlaza we-ovarian. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, umhlaza we-fallopian tube kunye ne-ovarian udla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-"high-grade serous tumors." Oku kuthetha ukuba ezi zi-cancer ezikhula ngokukhawuleza .

Izinto ezonyusa umngcipheko

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezibangela umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza. Jonga ukuba unayo na kwezi.

• Ubudala: Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sabantu abafumana umhlaza we-fallopian tube okanye i-ovarian baneminyaka engaphezu kwama-63 ubudala. Oku kuthetha ukuba umngcipheko uyanda ngokuhamba kweminyaka.
• Imbali yosapho: Ukuba omnye wezalamane zakho ezisondeleyo (umama, udadewenu, intombi) ukhe waba nomhlaza webele, umhlaza wesibeleko, okanye umhlaza wetyhubhu ye-fallopian, umngcipheko wakho uphezulu.
• Utshintsho kwizakhi zofuzo: Utshintsho (utshintsho) kwizakhi zofuzo ezinxulumene nomhlaza webele (i-BRCA) luyandisa kakhulu umngcipheko walo mhlaza.
• Ezinye iimeko zempilo: Iimeko ezizuzwe njengeLynch syndrome kunye nePeutz-Jeghers syndrome, kunye nemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-endometriosis, nazo zinokunyusa umngcipheko.
• Imbali yokukhulelwa: Umngcipheko uphezulu kancinci kwabo bangazange bakhulelwe kunye nabo bafumene umntwana wabo wokuqala emva kweminyaka engama-35.
• Imbali yomjikelo wokuya exesheni: Ukuba nexesheni lakho lokuqala ngaphambi kokuba uneminyaka eli-12 ubudala kunye nokuya exesheni emva kweminyaka engama-51 nazo zizinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko.
• Ukutyeba kakhulu: I-body mass index (BMI) engaphezulu kwama-30, ingakumbi ukuba ubutyebe kakhulu usemncinci, inokunyusa umngcipheko wakho.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le sifo?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, akukho zimpawu kwizigaba zokuqala, ngoko ke esi sifo sidla ngokufunyaniswa xa sisasazeke kancinci. Mhlawumbi ufumene iqhuma ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-pelvic xa ugqirha wakho esenza uhlolo oluqhelekileyo.

Emva kokuba kuvela ukurhanelwa, ugqirha uya kuyalela iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuze ahlolisise ngakumbi imeko.

1. Uvavanyo lwegazi:Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-CA-125 lulinganisa inqanaba leproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-cancer antigen 125 egazini. Eli nqanaba linokunyuswa kumntu onomhlaza wetyhubhu ye-fallopian. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba eli nqanaba linokunyuka nangenxa yezizathu ezingezizo zomhlaza.

2. Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso: Iiskeni ezifana ne-`(Transvaginal ultrasound)`, `(CT scan)`, `(MRI)` okanye `(PET scan)` zinokuvelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo yeetyhubhu ze-fallopian kunye nama-ovari. Oku kunokunceda ukubona ukuba kukho naziphi na ii-cysts okanye amaqhuma.

Nangona kunjalo, olu vavanyo lodwa alunakuqinisekisa ngokupheleleyo ukuba ngumhlaza. Ukuze kufunyaniswe esi sifo ngokuqinisekileyo, kufuneka kuthathwe isampuli yezicubu kwaye ihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope. Iindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo koku zezi:

• Utyando lokuhlola: Inkqubo yotyando ejonga ngqo amalungu omzimba ukuze ibone ukuba akukho nasiphi na isicwili esikrokrelekayo. Oku kuquka ukuthatha iisampulu zeetyhubhu ze-fallopian, ii-ovari, kunye nee-lymph nodes ezikufutshane uze uzithumele kwilebhu ukuze zivavanywe. Olu tyando lungenziwa luvuliwe (i-laparotomy) okanye ngokusikwa okuncinci kusetyenziswa ikhamera (i-laparoscopy).
• I-Biopsy: Iqhekeza elincinci lesicubu lisuswa kwithumba elirhanelekayo kusetyenziswa inaliti lize lihlolwe.

Ifunyanwa njani inqanaba lomhlaza?

Nje ukuba umhlaza uqinisekiswe, into elandelayo ebalulekileyo kukufumanisa "inqanaba" lawo. Ngamafutshane, kukufumanisa ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani (usususwe kwi-metastasized). Oku kubalulekile ekucwangciseni unyango kunye nokufumana umbono wendlela esiza kuqhubeka ngayo esi sifo kwixesha elizayo.

Zithini iindlela zonyango?

Unyango olufumanayo luya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka inqanaba lomhlaza kunye nempilo yakho iyonke. Ugqirha wakho uza kwenza isicwangciso sonyango esikulungeleyo.

• Utyando: Utyando ludla ngokuba lolona nyango lokuqala. Oku kuquka ukususwa kwesibeleko (hysterectomy), zombini iityhubhu ze-fallopian (salpingectomy), kunye nama-ovari omabini (oophorectomy). Ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani, nezinye izicwili ezikufutshane nazo zinokufuna ukususwa. Kwabanye abafazi abancinci, abakhulelweyo, ukuba umhlaza ufunyenwe kwangethuba, kuphela umhlaza osukayo, kugcinwe amalungu okuzala.
• Unyango lweKhemotherapy: La ngamayeza anamandla anikwa ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Olu nyango lunikwa ukunciphisa ithumba ngaphambi kotyando, okanye ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza ezinokuthi zihlale emva kotyando.
• Unyango olujoliswe kulo: Le yindlela entsha yonyango. Isebenzisa amayeza ajolise kwiimolekyuli ezithile ezibalulekileyo ekukhuleni kweeseli zomhlaza, ngaphandle kokulimaza iiseli ezisempilweni njenge-chemotherapy eqhelekileyo. Le ndlela yonyango inokuba yimpumelelo enkulu, ingakumbi kubantu abane-`(BRCA)` yokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo.
• Unyango lwe-immunotherapy: Oku kuquka ukuvuselela inkqubo yomzimba yethu yokuzikhusela, isinika amandla okulwa neeseli zomhlaza.
• Unyango lokudambisa iintlungu: Olu luluvo oluqhelekileyo olungachanekanga. Unyango lokudambisa iintlungu alungolwabo kuphela abanesifo esingenakunyangwa. Lumalunga nokulawula iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lomhlaza, ezinje ngeentlungu kunye nokucaphuka, kunye nokunceda ukugcina umgangatho wobomi ulungile. Olu nyango lunokubonelelwa nangaliphi na inqanaba lomhlaza.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva konyango?

Emva konyango, malunga nama-80% ezigulana ziya kwi-"remission"`, imeko apho kungekho zimpawu zomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, kukho umngcipheko wokuba umhlaza "uphinde ubuye".

• Umhlaza ofunyenwe kwangethuba unezinga lokuphinda ubuye elimalunga nama-25%.
• Umhlaza osasazekayo nokwinqanaba eliphezulu unokuphinda uvele kwi-80% yamatyala.

Ngoko ke, nokuba emva konyango, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ngexesha elibekiweyo kwaye wenze uvavanyo.Oku kubaluleke kakhulu, ingakumbi kwiminyaka emihlanu yokuqala.

Amanqanaba okusinda

Musa ukothuka zezi zibalo. Ezi zi-avareji nje ezisekelwe kwidatha evela kumawaka ezigulane. Imeko yakho inokuba yahlukile kakhulu, ingcono kakhulu. Ezi zenzelwe nje ukuqonda ubunzulu besifo.

• Ukuba umhlaza ukhawulelwe kwimibhobho ye-fallopian (yasekuhlaleni): Izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emi-5 lingama-94%.
• Ukuba isasazeke kwizitho ezikufutshane (kwiNgingqi): izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emi-5 yi-53%.
• Ukuba isasazeke yaya kumalungu akude (akude): izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emi-5 lingama-44%.

Ngaba zikho iindlela zokuzikhusela kulo mhlaza?

Nangona ingenakuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo, kukho izinto ezininzi esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko.

Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nomhlaza webele, wesibeleko, okanye wetyhubhu ye-fallopian, ungafuna ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokufumana uvavanyo lwemfuza lwe-BRCA gene. Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-mutation, ungafuna ukuxoxa nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kwenziwe i-prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy (ukususwa kwe-ovari kunye netyhubhu ye-fallopian) njengendlela yokuthintela emva kokuba ube nabantwana. Oku kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho womhlaza malunga ne-96%.

Ukongeza, ezi zinto zinokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko:

• Ukutya ukutya okunempilo nokuhlala usebenza.
• Ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni obukufaneleyo.
• Yeka okanye unciphise ukutshaya nokusebenzisa utywala.
• Ukuba kunokwenzeka, ncancisa abantwana bakho.
• Ukusebenzisa iindlela zokulawula ukuzalwa ngokwehomoni, ezifana neepilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa (kodwa ukuba une-BRCA gene change, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba oku kulungile na kuwe).