Ngaba ungumntu othanda ukungcakaza? Okanye kukho umntu omaziyo? (Ingxaki yokungcakaza) Masithethe ngale nto!

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukungcakaza, oqala ngokuzonwabisa kancinci, nabahlobo kunye nokubheja okuncinci, kunokuba yingxaki enkulu elawula ubomi bakho ngaphandle kokuba uqaphele. Ngaba ukhe waba namava anjalo? Okanye ngaba ukhe wabona umntu omaziyo, umhlobo, okanye ilungu losapho elinengxaki yokulutha ukungcakaza? Le yingongoma abantu abaninzi abangafuniyo ukuthetha ngayo, kodwa kufuneka ithethwe ngayo. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngokweenkcukacha ngale meko ibizwa ngokuba yiGambling Disorder , okanye ngokuthe ngqo, ukulutha okungaqhelekanga kokungcakaza.

Yintoni iGambling Disorder?

Ngamafutshane, ingxaki yokungcakaza yimeko yempilo yengqondo. Ibonakaliswa kukuziphatha kokungcakaza okungalawulekiyo, okuphindaphindwayo, nokungaphiliyo. Inokubangela uxinzelelo olukhulu . Inokuba nefuthe elikhulu kubudlelwane bakho nosapho, emsebenzini, emsebenzini, okanye kwimeko yezemali.

Xa sithi "ukungcakaza", kuthetha nawuphi na umsebenzi apho umntu ebeka into exabisekileyo (njengemali okanye impahla) emngciphekweni ngethemba lokuphumelela into engaphezulu. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zokungcakaza. Ezona zixhaphakileyo yimidlalo yekhasino kunye nokubheja kwimidlalo . Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ayinguye wonke umntu ongcakaza ohlakulela olu mlutha.

I-American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) ichaza umlutha wokungcakaza njengomlutha wokuziphatha . Enyanisweni, lolona mlutha wokuziphatha okhoyo ngoku kwi-DSM-5. Ngandlela thile, umlutha wokungcakaza ufana nengxaki yokusebenzisa iziyobisi . Zombini zichaphazela ikhemistri yengqondo yakho. Zinokubangela iimpawu zokurhoxa kunye nokunyamezela xa uyeka ukusebenzisa iyeza.

Abanye abantu babiza le meko ngokuthi "Compulsive Gambling" okanye "Problem Gambling" .

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu yile meko?

Ukulutha ngokungcakaza kunokuchaphazela ulutsha kunye nabantu abadala . Nangona ukungcakaza kungekho mthethweni kwabo bangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 kumazwe afana ne-United States, kuqhelekile phakathi kwabo bakwiqela leminyaka. Ukuqala ukungcakaza usemncinci kuye kwachongwa njengomngcipheko wokuba likhoboka lokungcakaza kamva ebomini. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele le ngxaki kubantwana bakho.

Kuxhaphake kangakanani ukuba likhoboka lokungcakaza?

Abaphandi baqikelela ukuba phakathi kwe-2% kunye ne-4% yabemi baseMelika bachatshazelwa yile ngxaki yokungcakaza. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zibalo zisenokungachaneki ngokupheleleyo. Kuba ayinguye wonke umntu onengxaki yesi sifo ofuna ingcebiso okanye unyango lwezonyango. Kwanakwilizwe lethu, kunzima ukutsho ngokuthe ngqo ukuba bangaphi abantu abanengxaki yesi sifo, kuba akuthethwa ngayo ngokukhululekileyo.

Zithini iimpawu zokuba likhoboka lokungcakaza?

Uphawu olucacileyo nolucacileyo lokungakwazi ukungcakaza kukuba luphazamisana nezinto ezibalulekileyo ebomini bakho, njengobudlelwane bosapho lwakho, umsebenzi, kunye nokuzinza kwezemali. Khawuthelekelele, unomhlobo ohlala eneengxaki zemali, esilwa nosapho lwakhe, kwaye engakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wakhe ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba konke oku kungenxa yokuba uhlala engcakaza, olo luphawu olukhulu lwesilumkiso.

Nazi ezinye iimpawu ezikhethekileyo ezinokuchongwa:

• Ukuhlala ucinga ngokungcakaza: Ukungcakaza kuhlala kusengqondweni yakho, kangangokuba awukwazi ukucinga ngenye into. Izinto ezinje ngendlela oza kuyenza ngayo imali kwixesha elizayo, apho uza kuya khona ungcakaze.
• Isidingo sokuchitha imali engaphezulu okanye izinto ezixabisekileyo ukuze ufumane ulonwabo olufanayo kunye nokukhuthaza okufanayo (Ukunyamezelana): Ulonwabo olwaluvela ekuqaleni ekudlaleni ngemali encinci, ngokuhamba kwexesha, luya luncipha. Ke ngoko, umnqweno wokudlala ngemali eninzi ukuze ufumane ulonwabo olufanayo.
• Ukungakwazi ukulawula okanye ukuyeka ukungcakaza ngokuphindaphindiweyo: Nokuba ucinga kangakanani na, "Andisayi kuphinda ndingcakaze," awukwazi ukukwenza oko.
• Ukuziva ungaphumli okanye unomsindo xa uzama ukuyeka ukungcakaza (Ukurhoxa): Njengomntu olikhoboka leziyobisi, xa uzama ukuyeka ukungcakaza, uziva uxhalabile, unomsindo, kwaye ukruqukile.
• Ukungcakaza xa uziva uxinezelekile (njengendlela "yokubaleka" kwiimvakalelo ezimbi): Xa uziva ulusizi okanye ukhathazekile, ucinga ukuba ukungcakaza yindlela ekuphela kwayo yokukususa.
• Ukusukelana Nelahleko: Ukungcakaza ukuze ufumane ilahleko zakutshanje zokungcakaza , okuhlala kubangela ilahleko ezininzi.
• Ukuxokisa abantu obathandayo malunga nokuziphatha kwabo ekungcakazeni okanye ukufihla ulwazi: Ukuxokisa okanye ukufihla kusapho nakubahlobo malunga nokungcakaza kwabo kunye nokuba balahlekelwe yimali engakanani.
• Ukuthembela kwabanye ukuba baxhase ukungcakaza kwabo okanye ukugubungela ilahleko zokungcakaza: Ukuboleka imali kwabanye, ukubambisa ngempahla, nokwenza izinto ezinjalo.
• Ukuqhubeka nokugembula nangona usazi ukuba kuyichaphazela kakubi imeko yakho yezemali, umsebenzi, imfundo, okanye ubudlelwane bakho: Ukungakwazi ukuyeka ukungcakaza, nangona umntu esazi ukuba yonke into iza kubhidlika.

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, lixesha lokuba ukhathazeke.

Zithini izizathu zokuba umlutha wokungcakaza?

Akukho sizathu sinye sokuba likhoboka lokungcakaza, okanye naluphi na olunye umlutha. Yimeko enzima kakhulu. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezibangela ukuba likhoboka lokungcakaza:

• Utshintsho lweekhemikhali engqondweni.
• Iimpembelelo zemfuza.
• Iimpawu zobuntu kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo ezifanayo.

Ikhemistri yobuchopho

Ukungcakaza kuchaphazela iziko lemivuzo yengqondo yakho. Sonke sixhomekeke kwibhayoloji ekufuneni imivuzo. Rhoqo, le mivuzo ivela kwiindlela zokuziphatha ezisempilweni. Xa uchitha ixesha nomntu omthandayo, okanye xa usitya isidlo esimnandi, umzimba wakho ukhupha ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-dopamine . Oku kukwenza uzive ulungile. Kufana nomjikelo: Ufuna loo mava kuba ufumana iimvakalelo ezilungileyo.

Nokuba ungcakaza, ungafumana uninzi lwe-'Dopamine' luhamba ngengqondo yakho. Cinga ngovuyo oluvayo xa ufumene i-jackpot enkulu! Nangona kunjalo, endaweni yokukukhuthaza ukuba wenze izinto ozidingayo ukuze uphile (njengokutya, ukusebenza), la manqanaba aphezulu e-'Dopamine' anokuba nefuthe elibi kwiingcinga zakho, iimvakalelo zakho, kunye nokuziphatha kwakho.

Oku kunokukhokelela ekubeni ube nomnqweno ongafanelekanga wokungcakaza, endaweni yokonwabela imisebenzi enempilo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukungcakaza kutshintsha i-chemistry yengqondo yakho, kwaye awusaziva kangako ngemiphumo yako . Emva koko, kufuneka ungcakaze ngakumbi ukuze ufumane ulonwabo olufanayo nolwawunalo ngaphambili. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukunyamezela .

Iimpembelelo zemfuza

Umlutha wokungcakaza udla ngokusebenza kwiintsapho. Oku kuthetha ukuba unokuba nonxibelelwano lwemfuza . Izifundo zamawele afanayo zibonise ukuba izinto zemfuza, endaweni yezinto ezingqongileyo (ezifana namava amabi ebuntwaneni), zinokuba negalelo elikhulu kumngcipheko wokuba likhoboka lokungcakaza. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho ukhe waba nale ngxaki, nawe usenokuba sengozini.

Iimpawu zobuntu kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo

Izifundo ezininzi zibonise ukuba ezi mpawu zilandelayo zobuntu okanye iindlela zokuziphatha zixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abanengxaki yokungcakaza:

• Ukungxama: Ukuthambekela ekwenzeni izinto ngaphandle kokucinga.
• Ukufuna iimvakalelo: Umnqweno wokwenza izinto ezintsha nezinomdla.
• Ukunyanzelwa: Imvakalelo engalawulekiyo yokuba kufuneka wenze into ethile.
• Ubunzima ekwenzeni izigqibo nokucwangcisa.
• Ukungazinzi okubangelwa kukuziva wonwabile ngomzuzu omnye uze ube lusizi ngomzuzu olandelayo.

Ukongeza, abantu abanengxaki yokungcakaza banamathuba amaninzi okuba nezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo ngaxeshanye. Ezinye zezi ziquka:

• Ingxaki Yokusetyenziswa Kweziyobisi (i-SUD), ngakumbiIingxaki ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kotywala (`Ingxaki Yokusetyenziswa Kotywala`).
• Iingxaki zoLawulo lweeMpembelelo.
• Ukuphazamiseka kweemvakalelo, umzekelo , ukudakumba.
• Iingxaki zokuxhalaba.
• Iingxaki zoBuntu.

Abanye abantu banokuba nezi meko ngaphambi kokuba babe ngamakhoboka okungcakaza. Kwabanye, ezi meko zinokuvela emva kokuba bengamakhoboka okungcakaza.

Ungayibona njani into yokuba ungumntu othanda ukungcakaza?

Ukuze afumanise ukuba unengxaki yokungcakaza, ugqirha wakho unokukuthumela kwingcali yezengqondo okanye kumcebisi wokulutha . Apho, ugqirha uya kukubuza imibuzo (mhlawumbi namalungu osapho lwakho) malunga neendlela zakho zokungcakaza.

Iingcali zempilo yengqondo zisebenzisa imigaqo evela kwi-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) ukuze zichonge umlutha wokungcakaza. Ukuze ufumane olu xilongo, kufuneka ukuba ubukhe wazibona iimpawu ezine ubuncinane zomlutha wokungcakaza kunyaka ophelileyo .

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zokulutha ukungcakaza?

I-U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ayikavumi naluphi na unyango oluthile lokunyanga umlutha wokungcakaza. Nangona kunjalo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwengqondo zinokuba luncedo.

Unyango lwengqondo ludibaniso lweendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezinceda umntu ukuba abone kwaye atshintshe iimvakalelo zakhe ezingalunganga, iingcinga, kunye nokuziphatha. Oku kwenzeka kumcebisi wezempilo yengqondo oqeqeshiweyo nonelayisenisi (njengogqirha wengqondo okanye umsebenzi wentlalontle weklinikhi).

Unyango lunokukunceda ngale ndlela:

• Lawula ukungcakaza kwakho.
• Lawula uxinzelelo ngendlela ephilileyo.
• Fumana ezinye iindlela zokuchitha ixesha lakho.
• Lawula imali yakho kakuhle.
• Yakha ubudlelwane nabantu obathandayo.
• Emva kokuphola, gcina loo meko kwaye uphephe izinto ezibangela loo nto.
• Ukuba unezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo ezichaphazela indlela oziphatha ngayo xa ungcakaza, zilungise nazo.

Nazi ezinye iindlela zonyango ezithile ezinokunceda ekuxhomekekeni ekungcakazeni:

• Unyango Lokuziphatha Okunengqiqo (i-CBT): Olu lunyango olujoliswe kulo, olucwangcisiweyo. Umcebisi wezempilo yengqondo uyakunceda uhlolisise iingcinga zakho neemvakalelo zakho. Uza kufunda indlela iingcinga zakho ezichaphazela ngayo izenzo zakho. Nge-CBT, unokutshintsha iingcinga nokuziphatha okungengompilo nokungalawulekiyo kwaye uphuhlise iipatheni kunye nemikhwa yokucinga enempilo. I-CBT lolona ngenelelo lwengqondo olusetyenziswa kakhulu ekunyangeni umlutha wokungcakaza.
• Udliwano-ndlebe olukhuthazayo: Olu nyango lukunceda ukuba uchonge kwaye ulungise ukungaqiniseki kwakho malunga nokwenza utshintsho olusempilweni. Ngale ndlela, uhlalutya indlela oziphatha ngayo xa ungcakaza kwaye uyithelekise neendlela zokungcakaza zabantu ngokubanzi. Oku kukushukumisela ukuba wenze utshintsho kwindlela oziphatha ngayo. Oogqirha badla ngokulusebenzisa kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango.
• Unyango lwe-Psychodynamic: Olu nyango lujonga indlela iinkqubo ezingaziyo ezichaphazela ngayo ukuziphatha kwakho. Injongo kukwandisa ulwazi lwakho kunye nokuqonda indlela ukuziphatha kwangaphambili okuchaphazela ngayo ukuziphatha kwakho kwangoku.
• Unyango Lwamaqela: Olu luhlobo lwe-psychotherapy. Apha, iqela labantu lihlangana ukuze lixoxe ngeengxaki zabo phantsi kweliso lengcali yezempilo yengqondo. Unyango lwamaqela lunokuba ngumthombo obalulekileyo wenkuthazo kunye nenkxaso yeemvakalelo kwabo baneengxaki zokungcakaza, ingakumbi abo bahlukanisiweyo nabahlobo kunye nosapho ngenxa yemeko yabo.
• Unyango Losapho: Le ndlela yonyango inokunceda ukufundisa abantu obathandayo ngale meko kwaye idale imeko-bume yasekhaya ezinzileyo.

Ukungcakaza kuchaphazela wonke umntu ngokwahlukileyo. Kukwakho neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokungcakaza. Ke ngoko, ezinye iindlela zonyango zinokusebenza ngcono kwabanye abantu kunabanye. Kungathatha ixesha ukufumana indlela okanye ingcali yokunyanga efanelekileyo kuwe. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqhubeka uzama.

Ndingakwazi na ukuthintela ukuba likhoboka lokungcakaza?

Ewe, kukho amanyathelo aliqela onokuwathatha ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba likhoboka lokungcakaza:

• Kuphephe okanye unciphise indlela oziphatha ngayo xa ungcakaza: Kuphephe okanye uzame ukunciphisa indlela ongcakaza ngayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba uqaphele ukuba ungcakaza kangaphi, ixesha olichitha ungcakaza ngalo, kunye nemali oyichithayo xa ungcakaza. Ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba ukungcakaza kuqala ukulawula ubomi bakho, bona ugqirha okanye umcebisi wezempilo yengqondo ngoko nangoko.
• Yazi imbali yosapho lwakho: Ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho unembali yokusebenzisa kakubi iziyobisi okanye umlutha wokuziphatha, usenokuba sengozini enkulu yokuba nengxaki yokungcakaza. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngeendlela zokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho.
• Lawula uxinzelelo ngendlela esempilweni: Umngcipheko wokuba likhoboka uyanda ngamaxesha oxinzelelo kunye notshintsho lobomi. Ngamaxesha anje, kubalulekile ukuguqukela kwiindlela ezisempilweni zokumelana neengxaki, ezinje ngokuzilolonga, ukucamngca, okanye ukwenza into entsha yokuzonwabisa. Ukuba unengxaki yokulawula uxinzelelo okanye ezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo, bonana nomcebisi wezempilo yengqondo .

Ithini ingqikelelo yokuba umntu unokuba likhoboka lokungcakaza?

Imbonakalo yokulutha kokugembula, oko kukuthi, amandla okubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo, ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:

• Ubunzima bemeko.
• Nokuba ufuna unyango okanye awufuni.
• Nokuba unezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo.

Ngelishwa, bangaphantsi kwe-10% abantu abanengxaki yokungcakaza abafuna unyango lobuchwephesha . Abantu abaninzi bazama ukuzilungisa ngokwabo. Khumbula, unyango oluvela kumcebisi wezempilo yengqondo lunokukunceda ulawule le meko.

Xa kuthelekiswa nabantu ngokubanzi, abantu abanengxaki yokungcakaza basengozini enkulu yokuzibulala . Olunye uphando lwabantu abafuna unyango lubonise ukuba ama-32% abo ayeneminqweno yokuzibulala, kwaye ama-17% ayekhe azame ukuzibulala ubuncinane kanye.

Ukuba ucinga ngokuzibulala, nceda uthethe nomntu omthembayo ngokukhawuleza, okanye ucele ingcebiso kugqirha. Ungafowunela nakwiinombolo zoncedo lwezempilo yengqondo zaseSri Lanka (umz. Sumitrayo 0112696666, National Institute of Mental Health 1926).

Ukuba ndinengxaki yokungcakaza, ndingazinceda njani ?

Ukongeza ekufuneni uncedo lweengcali, nazi ezinye iindlela onokuzithatha ukuze ulawule umlutha wakho wokungcakaza:

• Cinga ngokujoyina iqela lenkxaso elifana neGamblers Anonymous (GA) . Fumanisa ukuba kukho amaqela afanayo okanye iinkonzo zenkxaso eSri Lanka.
• Ukuba unomdla wokungcakaza, ziphazamise ngokwenza eminye imisebenzi. Njengokufunda incwadi, ukumamela umculo, ukuzilolonga, okanye ukuthetha nomhlobo.
• Xa uziva umnqweno wokungcakaza, yiba nomonde. Ukuba uzinika ixesha, umnqweno usenokuphela okanye ube buthathaka.
• Musa ukuba wedwa. Cela uncedo kubantu obathandayo obathembayo. Thetha nabo ngeengxaki zakho.

Ndingamnceda njani umntu othanda ukungcakaza?

Ukufumanisa ukuba umntu omthandayo unengxaki yokungcakaza kunokuba nzima kakhulu kwaye kuxinezele. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso zokunceda umntu omthandayo kunye nawe:

• Thetha: Okukhona umntu onengxaki yokungcakaza efumana unyango ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona kungcono. Veza iinkxalabo zakho kwaye umncede afumane unyango ngokukhawuleza. Fowunela umnxeba woncedo, bona ugqirha okanye umcebisi wezempilo yengqondo , okanye ucebise ukuya kwindawo efana neGamblers Anonymous. Nika uncedo lwakho kunye nenkxaso ngaphandle kokugweba.
• Ziqhelise Uvelwano:Nokuba awuvumelani nomntu omthandayo, mamela ngononophelo oko akutshoyo. Okukhona umphulaphula, kokukhona ekubona njengomntu anokumthemba.
• Yiba nomonde: Musa ukulindela ukuba umlutha womntu omthandayo unyangeke ngencoko okanye isenzo esinye. Umlutha wokungcakaza yimeko enzima nengapheliyo. Akukho zisombululo zikhawulezileyo zokuyoyisa.
• Zikhathalele nawe: Abahlobo kunye namalungu osapho lwabantu abanengxaki yokungcakaza badla ngokuba noxinzelelo, ukudakumba, usizi, kunye nokuba bodwa. Kubalulekile ukunyamekela impilo yakho yengqondo kunye nokufuna uncedo ukuba uhlangabezana nezi mpawu.

Okokugqibela, khumbula (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Usenokuba neentloni ukuvuma ukuba unengxaki yokungcakaza, okanye unokucinga ukuba ungayilungisa wedwa. Kodwa khumbula, akukho nto imbi ngokuvuma ukuba unengxaki yokungcakaza. Okukhona ufumana uncedo ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona uya kuba ngcono. Ukuba ukhathazekile ngendlela oziphatha ngayo xa ungcakaza, thetha nogqirha wakho okanye nomcebisi wezempilo yengqondo . Bakho apha ukukunceda nokukuxhasa.

Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uhambe wedwa kolu hambo. Cela uncedo, luyakunika amandla.

Umlutha wokungcakaza, ukungcakaza, impilo yengqondo, umlutha, umlutha wokuziphatha, i-dopamine, unyango lwengqondo