Masifunde nge-Geographic Atrophy, echaphazela umbono wakho ngokuthe cwaka.

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uvakalelwa kukuba umbono wakho uyancipha kancinci kancinci, ingakumbi xa ujonge phambili, kwaye embindini wombono wakho awucacanga, njengendawo emnyama? Ngaba ukufumanisa kunzima ukufunda incwadi okanye iphephandaba, okanye ukubona izinto ebumnyameni? Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngeGeographic Atrophy, imeko yamehlo enokwenzeka kwabanye abantu abakhulileyo. Ungakhathazeki, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.

Yintoni i-Geographic Atrophy?

Ngamafutshane, i-Geographic Atrophy ligama lezonyango lelona nqanaba libi kakhulu, lokugqibela le-dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), isifo esichaphazela amehlo njengoko sikhula. Usenokuba ukhe weva nge-macular degeneration. Kulapho i-macula , inxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu ye-retina engaphakathi kwamehlo ethu, yonakala khona.

Cinga ngako, izinto ozibonayo ngokucacileyo xa ujonge phambili, njengoonobumba xa ufunda incwadi, okanye ubuso xa ujonge umntu, zonke zizinto ezisinceda sizibone ngokucacileyo. Ngoko ke, xa i-Geographic Atrophy isenzeka, ngumbono ophakathi ochaphazeleka kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, umbono ongaphandle, okanye izinto ezibonwa emacaleni, zisenokubonakala.

Le meko idla ngokuchaphazela amehlo omabini (ngamacala omabini). Umntu one-geographic atrophy unokufumana indawo emnyama (i-scotoma) embindini weliso xa ejonge phambili, kwaye ubukhali bokubona bunokuncipha.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-Geographic Atrophy?

Ichaphazela abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezisi-8 kwihlabathi liphela. I-Geographic Atrophy yimeko echaphazela malunga nama-20% abantu abane-age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Ngoko ke, ayiqhelekanga kangako.

Zithini iimpawu zeGeographic Atrophy?

Kule meko, unokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukulahlekelwa bubukhali bokubona: Ukuba sithetha ngqo, izinto ziya zingacaci kwaye zingacaci.
• Ubunzima bokufunda, ukuqhuba, nokwenza umsebenzi wezandla : Kunokuba nzima ukwenza nawuphi na umsebenzi ofuna ukubona ngqo. Izinto ezifana nokufunda umbhalo omncinci kwiphephandaba, ukubukela umabonwakude, okanye ukufaka intambo kwinaliti zinokuba nzima.
• Indawo emnyama, okanye indawo engaboniyo, embonweni wakho ophakathi: Yindawo ojonge kuyo kuphela ebonakala imnyama, njengesithuba esingenanto.
• Ubunzima bokubona ekukhanyeni okuphantsi : Ngokuhlwa, izinto azibonakali kangako kwiindawo ezinokukhanya okuphantsi.
• Imibala iya isiba mfiliba okanye ingabonakali ikhanya kakhulu : Izinto ebezibonakala zintle ngemibala ngaphambili ngoku zinokubonakala zingabonakali kwaye zinombala omdaka.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba i-Geographic Atrophy yimeko eyenzeka ekupheleni kokuguga kwe-macular degeneration. Ke ngoko, usenokungaziboni naziphi na iimpawu kwizigaba zokuqala , okanye usenokungawuboni umahluko omkhulu ukuba liliso elinye kuphela elichaphazelekileyo.

Zithini izizathu ze-Geographic Atrophy?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, eli linqanaba lokugqibela le-dry AMD. Abaphandi abakayazi kakuhle into ebangela ukuba olu tshintsho ngaphakathi kweliso lukhule lube yi-geographic atrophy. Nangona kunjalo, bacinga ukuba kukho inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-complement cascade , eyinxalenye yenkqubo yomzimba wethu yokuzikhusela , ebandakanyekayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo ethile kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela yomzimba isenokuba ayisebenzi kakuhle kwaye inegalelo kulo monakalo. Ukongeza, izinto zemfuza (oko kukuthi, izinto ezidluliselwa kwisizukulwana ukuya kwesinye) kunye nezinto ezingqongileyo nazo zinokudlala indima.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba i-geographic atrophy ayisosifo esosulelayo . Awunakusidlulisela komnye umntu.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yimeko yelizwe?

Nangona le meko inokukhula nakubani na, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu. Oku kuquka:

• Abantu abaneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu.
• Abantu abamhlophe (nangona oku kungabalulekanga kangako eSri Lanka, kulungile ukwazi).
• Abantu abanamehlo akhanyayo.
• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesifo sokuwohloka kwe-macular esinxulumene nobudala okanye ezinye izifo zemfuza ezichaphazela amehlo.
• Abantu abatshayayo okanye abakhe batshaya ngaphambili.
• Abantu abatya ukutya okuneziqhamo nemifuno embalwa, ingakumbi imifuno eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, babaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yamehlo.
• Abantu abachatshazelwa kakhulu lilanga.
• Abantu abanombono ongama-20/200 okanye ngaphezulu (umbono oqhelekileyo uthathwa njengongama-20/20).

Ukongeza, abantu abanezinye izifo ezifana nezi:

• Ukungondleki kakuhle
• Ukutyeba kakhulu
• Igazi elonyukayo
• I-cholesterol ephezulu
• Isifo seswekile (iDiabetes Mellitus)`
• Isifo sentliziyo seCoronary

Zithini iingxaki zeGeographic Atrophy?

Ngelishwa, ukulahleka kombono ngenxa yokuwohloka kwendawo kuhlala kuhleli . Wakuba ulahlekelwe kukubona kwakho okuthe ngqo, kunokuba nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla efana nale:

• Ukufunda iincwadi.
• Ukuqhuba.
• Ukuqaphela ubuso babantu.
• Ukwenza izinto ozithandayo, imisebenzi yasekhaya, okanye imisebenzi yezandla eqhelekileyo.

Oku kungenza ubomi bube nzima kancinci, kodwa kukho iindlela zokukunceda uhlangabezane nale meko.

Ifunyanwa njani i-Geographic Atrophy?

Ingcali yakho yamehlo iza kuyixilonga le meko ngovavanyo lwamehlo kunye nezinye iimvavanyo. Ugqirha uza kukubuza nangeempawu zakho, naziphi na ezinye iimeko zempilo onazo, kunye nokuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba neemeko ezifanayo.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo koku?

Ukuze ufumanise ukuba i-geographic atrophy ayibonakali, ugqirha wakho wamehlo unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezifana nezi:

• I-Fundus autofluorescence : Le yindlela yokuthatha imifanekiso ye-retina engaphakathi kweliso. Kule ndlela, izinto ezithile kwi-retina, ezifana ne -lipofuscin , ziyakhazimla phantsi kokukhanya okukhethekileyo ngaphandle kwemfuneko yamaconsi eliso. Oku kunokunceda ekuchongeni iindawo ezonakeleyo.
• I-Optical coherence tomography (OCT): Le yindlela engeyongozi yokuthatha imifanekiso ye-retina. Isebenzisa ukukhanya okubonakalayo. Ithatha icandelo elinqamlezileyo le-retina kwaye ingabona ubungakanani bomonakalo.
• I-Microperimetry : Le yindlela yokuvavanya intsimi yakho yokubona. Oku kuthetha ukuba ungabona ukuba ubona kude kangakanani na kwaye nokuba kukho amabala amnyama embonweni wakho.
• I-Multifocal electroretinography : Kolu vavanyo, ukukhanya kukhanya kwi-retina yakho kwaye umsebenzi wombane ophendulayo uyalinganiswa.

Ukuba ezi mvavanyo zivakala zinzima kancinci, ungakhathazeki. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela yonke into.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-Geographic Atrophy?

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba i-U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) isandula ukuvuma amayeza amabini okokuqala ukunyanga i-geographic atrophy. La mayeza yi -pegcetacoplan (SYOFOVRE™) kunye ne -avacincaptad pegol (IZERVAY™). La mayeza afakwa ngaphakathi kweso. La mayeza anokunciphisa ukuqhubela phambili kwe-geographic atrophy. Ugqirha wakho wamehlo uza kufaka la mayeza esweni lakho kanye ngenyanga okanye rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezimbini.

Ukongeza, ugqirha wakho wamehlo unokucebisa ezinye iindlela zokulawula i-geographic atrophy, ezinje:

• Ukulungiswa kokubona : Ungadinga izixhobo ezibonakalayo, ezifana neeglasi ezikhethekileyo okanye iiglasi zokukhulisa, ukuze zikuncede wenze imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla.
• Isongezelelo se-AREDS2Izongezo ze-AREDS2: Ezi zongezo ze-antioxidant zivavanyiwe kwiSifundo seZifo zamehlo eziNxulumene noBudala. Abanye oogqirha bazisebenzisa ukunyanga i-AMD eyomileyo. Ifomyula yokuqala ye-AREDS1 yayiquka i-beta-carotene kunye nezi zithako. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba i-beta-carotene inxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko ophezulu womhlaza wemiphunga kubantu abatshayayo, i-AREDS2 ikwaquka i-lutein , i-zeaxanthin, i-vitamin E, i-zinc oxide , kunye ne -cupric oxide.
• I-IMT (i-IMT) efakelweyo: Oku kuquka ukususa ilensi yendalo yeliso lakho ngotyando uze ufake le teleskopu incinci. Esi sixhobo senza izinto zibonakale zinkulu kwaye sizijolise kwezinye iindawo ze-retina ezisasebenza kakuhle.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?

Ngenxa yokuba iigonyo ezintsha iPegcetacoplan kunye neAvacincaptad pegol zisentsha kakhulu, iingcali zisafunda ngokusebenza kwazo kunye neengozi zazo. Okwangoku, iziphumo ezilandelayo ziyaziwa ukuba ziyenzeka:

• Intlungu yamehlo.
• Ukopha kwegazi kumhlophe weliso (i-Subconjunctival hemorrhage).
• Ukuvela kwee-floaters kulwelo olungaphakathi kweliso (i-vitreous humor).
• Ukuvuselelwa kwemithambo yegazi yeliso.

Kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto uze ukhethe unyango olulungele wena.

Ngaba i-Geographic Atrophy ingathintelwa?

Inyaniso kukuba, akukho ndlela yokuthintela ngokupheleleyo ukuwohloka kweendawo, njengoko ukuwohloka kwe-macular okubangelwa kukwaluphala okubangela oku akunakuthintelwa.

Nangona kunjalo, ungazama ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho woku. Oko kuthetha ukunikel’ ingqalelo kwizinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko ezinokuguqulwa esinokuzitshintsha. Asinakutshintsha izinto ezifana nobudala nohlanga. Nangona kunjalo, unokunceda ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wakho ngokwenza ezi zinto:

• Akutshayi. Ukuba uyatshaya, zama ukuyeka.
• Ulawulo olufanelekileyo lwezifo ezingapheliyo ezifana nesifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukutyeba kakhulu, kunye ne-cholesterol ephezulu.
• Nxiba iiglasi zelanga ezineelensi ezimthubi ukuze ukhusele amehlo akho xa uphuma elangeni.
• Nxiba iiglasi zokhuseleko ezifanelekileyo emsebenzini, xa udlala imidlalo, okanye xa usenza izinto ozithandayo.
• Kufuneka ulandele ukutya okunempilo kunye nesicwangciso sokuzilolonga. Ingakumbi faka imifuno eluhlaza, imifuno, kunye neziqhamo ekutyeni kwakho.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndine-Geographic Atrophy?

Ngokubanzi, imbono yabantu abane-geographic atrophy ayilunganga kangako ngokwembono. Nangona kunjalo, esi sifo sichaphazela umntu ngamnye ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Unyango olutsha luzise ithemba.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba i-Geographic Atrophy ayisosifo esibulalayo kwaye ayizukuchaphazela ubomi bakho.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ugqirha wakho wamehlo uza kukuxelela ukuba kufuneka uhlolwe amehlo akho kangaphi. Xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho emehlweni okanye ekuboneni kwakho.

Ukuba ubona ngequbuliso okanye uva iintlungu ezinkulu emehlweni, kubalulekile ukuba ufune ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha?

Xa usiya kugqirha, ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ngaba ndinesifo samehlo esibizwa ngokuba yi-geographic atrophy okanye ndinesifo samehlo esinye?
• Zeziphi iimvavanyo ekufuneka ndizenze?
• Ngaba ndiyafaneleka ukufumana amayeza amatsha okunyanga i-Geographic Atrophy?
• Ndifanele ndihlolwe amehlo kangaphi?
• Ndingangena na kwisilingo seklinikhi?
• Zeziphi iinguqu emehlweni am ekufuneka ndiziqaphele?
• Ungandinceda ndifumane iinkonzo ezincedisayo ezinokundinceda?

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Kuhle kakhulu ukuba kukho iindlela ezintsha zonyango lwe-geographic atrophy kwaye uphando luyaqhubeka. Nangona kunjalo, kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika xa ufumanisa ukuba unesifo esinokuchaphazela umbono wakho ngokusisigxina.

Ungakhathazeki. Ugqirha wakho wamehlo uza kukuxelela okungakumbi ngale meko, into onokuyilindela, kunye nonyango olungcono lokukunceda uyilawule. Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho kwaye wenze uvavanyo lwamehlo rhoqo . Kwakhona, inkxaso yosapho lwakho iya kuba luncedo olukhulu ngeli xesha.

Ukuwohloka kweJografi , Ukonakala kweMacular okunxulumene nobudala, i-AMD, iMacula, Impilo yamehlo, Ukulahleka kokubona, Izifo zamehlo