Masithethe nje ngokukhulelwa, apho omnye umntu ethwala umntwana wakho esibelekweni sakhe?

Ukuba ngumama okanye utata liphupha lomntu wonke, akunjalo? Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo, kunokuba nzima kancinci ukwenza elo phupha lizaliseke. Kulapho abanye abantu kufuneka bacinge ngale ndlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-'(Gestational Surrogacy)'. Ngamafutshane, le yindlela apho omnye umfazi ethwala aze azalele umntwana wakho. Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.

Yintoni kanye kanye le "(Ukukhulelwa)"?

Kulungile, i-Gestational Surrogacy kuxa omnye umfazi (masimbize ngokuba "ngumthwali wokukhulelwa") ethwala aze azale umntwana kuwe, okanye kwisibini. Into ebalulekileyo apha kukuba umama ozalelwe umntwana akanalo unxibelelwano lwemfuza nomntwana. Oko kukuthi, iqanda lomntwana livela kumama ozalelwe okanye kumnikeli weqanda. I-sperm ivela kutata ozalelwe okanye kumnikeli wesidoda.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, umntwana ukhulelwa kusetyenziswa indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-"In Vitro Fertilization - IVF". Ngamafutshane, i-"IVF" yinkqubo yokudibanisa amaqanda kunye nesidoda sabazali abacetywayo (okanye abo bafunyenwe ngabanikeli) kwilebhu ukwenza i-embryo. Elo qanda lifakwa kwisibeleko sikamama oza kuzalwa. Ngoko ke, ekubeni umama oza kuzalwa engazalisi iqanda, akukho nxibelelwano lwemfuza phakathi kwakhe nomntwana.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-`(Surrogate)` eqhelekileyo kunye ne-`(I-Gestational Surrogate)`?

Kukho iindlela ezimbini "zokukhulisa umntwana". Enye "yi-Gestational Surrogacy" esithetha ngayo. Enye "yi-Traditional Surrogacy".

• (Ukukhulelwa): Njengoko besisandula ukuxoxa, apha umama othwele umntwana akanxulumananga nomntwana ngokwemfuza. Kuba, akukho nalinye iqanda lakhe elisetyenziselwa oku. Nokuba liqanda lomama okhulelweyo okanye iqanda lomxhasi liyasetyenziswa. Into ekuphela kwayo eyenziwa ngumama okhulelweyo kukuthwala umntwana esibelekweni sakhe aze amzale. Le yindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu ngoku kwihlabathi liphela kwaye ineengxaki ezimbalwa zomthetho. Kuba, ubuncinane omnye wabazali abakhulelweyo unxulumene ngokwemfuza nomntwana, kodwa umama okhulelweyo akanxulumananga nomntwana ngokwemfuza.

• (Ukuzala KwesiNtu): Kule ndlela, umama othwala umntwana unxulumene ngokwemfuza nomntwana. Oko kukuthi, amaqanda akhe asetyenziselwa ukudala umntwana. Emva kokuba emthwele umntwana esibelekweni sakhe aze azale, njengomzali wemvelo womntwana, kufuneka adlulisele ilungelo lokugcina umntwana (amalungelo obuzali) kubazali abacetywayo. Le ndlela ayivumelekanga ngumthetho kumazwe amaninzi ngenxa yeengxaki zomthetho nezengqondo ezibangelwa yiyo.

Ngubani osebenzisa le ndlela ethi "(Indlela Yokukhulelwa)"?

Abantu abaninzi basebenzisa le ndlela ukuze bongeze elinye ilungu kusapho lwabo ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Cinga ngezi meko:

• Ukuba umama okhulelweyo akakwazi ukuzala umntwana ngenxa yengxaki ethile esibelekweni sakhe .
• Ukuba umama okhulelweyo unesifo esinzima somzimba okanye sengqondo esenza ukukhulelwa kube yingozi kuye okanye kumntwana.
• Ukuba isibeleko somntu sisusiwe ngotyando (hysterectomy) okanye ukuba kukho isiphene sokuzalwa esibelekweni.
• Ukuba umntu oza kufumana umntwana akanakukwazi ukukhulelwa okanye ukuzala umntwana. Umzekelo, indoda engatshatanga okanye isibini samadoda angama-gay .

"Umntwana yintsikelelo enkulu. Ukuba iindlela ezinje zinokunceda abanye abantu bafumane olo lonwabo, kufanelekile ngokwenene."

Le nkqubo yenzeka njani?

Ngamafutshane, kwi-"Gestational Surrogacy"`, i-embryo idalwe kusetyenziswa amaqanda kunye nesidoda sabazali abacetywayo (okanye abanikeli) ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-`(IVF)``. Elo qanda lifakwa kwisibeleko somama oza kuzalwa. Ukusuka apho, uthwala umntwana esibelekweni sakhe.

Inkqubo iqala ngokukhethwa komama oza kuzalwa ngumama. Emva koko, kusayinwa izivumelwano zomthetho phakathi kwalowo uza kuzalwa ngumama kunye nabazali abaza kuzalwa ngumama. Bobabini bavavanywa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango nezengqondo. Kuphela emva kokuba konke oku kuvunyiwe apho unyango lwe-IVF luqala khona.

Ndingamfumana njani umntu oza kubamba umntwana?

Xa uninzi lwabantu lubhenela koku, bathetha ne-`(i-Surrogacy Agency)`, oko kukuthi, umbutho obonelela ngeenkonzo ezinjalo. Ungafumana zonke iinkcukacha malunga nenkqubo kunye neendleko kwezi mibutho. Ngabo abakuncedayo ukufumana umama ofanelekileyo wokuzala umntwana. Bakwanceda ekubhaleni izivumelwano zomthetho phakathi kwamaqela amabini. Ezinye izibini zikhetha ilungu losapho okanye umhlobo ngenxa yoku. Akukho nto imbi ngaloo nto, kodwa kunokubakho iingxaki eziza nokuzinikela kancinci ngokweemvakalelo.

Ngokutsho kwe-American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM), ezi mpawu zilandelayo kufuneka zibekho ukuze zithathwe njengezifanelekileyo ekukhuliseni umntwana:

• Kufuneka ube sempilweni , phakathi kweminyaka engama-21 nengama-45 (ngaphantsi kwama-35 kungcono).
• Ubuncinane ukuhanjiswa kube kanye kwaye ubuninzi bokuhanjiswa kube kahlanu kufuneka kube kugqityiwe ngaphandle kweengxaki.
• Akulunganga ukuba utyando lwe-`(C-section)` olungaphezulu kwesithathu.
• Kufuneka abe nobunzima obusempilweni .
• Kwakhona, kufuneka uhlangabezane nazo naziphi na ezinye iimfuno ezibekwe liziko elifanelekileyo.

Eyona nto ingcono kukuba umama oza kuzalwa abe nemeko-bume yosapho ezinzileyo kunye nenkxaso entle yengqondo yokujongana noxinzelelo olongezelelweyo lokukhulelwa. Xa ukhetha aba bantu, imvelaphi yabo iphandwa ngononophelo. Kwakhona, abazali abazakuba ngabazali kufuneka banike ulwazi lwabo lwezemali ukuqinisekisa ukuba banokukwazi ukuhlawula iindleko.

Zinjani iimvavanyo zonyango?

Njengabazali abakhulelweyo, umama othwele umntwana naye kufuneka ahlolwe ngokukhethekileyo ngugqirha . Ukwabonana nogqirha wengqondo ukuze ahlole iimeko zengqondo ezifana nokudakumba.

Ngokwe-ASRM, kufuneka kwenziwe uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwezonyango ukuqinisekisa ukuba umama okhulelweyo usempilweni ngokwaneleyo ukuba athwale umntwana de abe sesibelekweni. Uvavanyo lwegazi lwenziwa kwakhona ukujonga ezi zifo zilandelayo:

• I-Syphilis
• I-Gonorrhea
• I-Chlamydia
• I-HIV
• IHepatitis B kunye ne-C

Kufuneka ube nolwazi oluchanekileyo ngemijovo ye-measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) kunye ne-tetanus, pertussis, kunye ne-diphtheria (Tdap). Ngamanye amaxesha, unokufuna ne-COVID-19. Abazali abakhulelweyo (okanye abanikeli bamaqanda/isidoda) nabo baya kuhlolwa i-genetic ukuze babone ukuba umntwana wabo usemngciphekweni wokuba nesiphene sokuzalwa, esifana ne-Down syndrome.

Icala lezomthetho linjani?

Kubalulekile ukugqiba isivumelwano esisemthethweni ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango lwe-IVF. Esi sivumelwano kufuneka siquke oku kulandelayo:

• Umama oza kuzala umntwana uyavuma ukunikezela umntwana kubazali abacetywayo emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe.
• Iindima kunye noxanduva lukamama ozalela umntwana ngexesha lokukhulelwa (umz., ukuya kuvavanyo lwezonyango ngexesha, ukungasebenzisi iziyobisi okanye utywala).
• Iintlawulo kunye nembuyekezo.
• Imiba ebuhlungu efana nokuphelisa ukukhulelwa kunye nokufa komntwana ongekazalwa.
• Zonke iingozi kunye noxanduva olunxulumene nonyango lwe-`(IVF)`, ukukhulelwa, kunye nokuzala.
• Kukho ezinye iimeko ezininzi kunye neziphumo ezinokubakho ezinokuba nefuthe kwezomthetho.

Imithetho ephathelele ukuzala umntwana yahlukile kwilizwe ngalinye. Iarhente yakho yokuzala umntwana okanye igqwetha linokukunceda uhambe kule nkqubo yezomthetho. Oku kunokuba nzima kancinci, ngoko ke ukusebenza neqela lezomthetho elinamava kunye nokusayina izivumelwano yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba oku kwenziwa ngokusemthethweni.

Umama othwele umntwana ukhulelwa njani?

Ugqirha wakho uza kuthatha amaqanda akho (omama okhulelweyo) aze awadibanise nesidoda seqabane lakho (utata okhulelweyo) kwilebhu. Ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa amaqanda anikelayo okanye isidoda esinikelayo. Ukuba umama okhulelweyo usebenzisa amaqanda akhe, uya kunikwa amayeza okuzala ukuze akhuthaze ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda akhe, ukuze avelise amaqanda amaninzi ngaxeshanye. Xa isidoda sidibana neqanda elinye okanye ngaphezulu, kwakheka iqanda.

Umama okhulelweyo uthatha amayeza okuzala ukuze alungiselele isibeleko sakhe ukufumana umbungu. Emva kokuba iimbungu zenziwe, zifakwa kwisibeleko sikamama okhulelweyo.

Ngubani obandakanyekayo kule nkqubo?

Abantu abaninzi babandakanyeka kule nkqubo "yokuKhulelwa koMntwana okhulelweyo":

• Umthwali wokukhulelwa
• Umzali (abazali) ekujoliswe kuye
• Abanikeli beqanda okanye isidoda (ukuba kuyimfuneko)
• `(Iarhente yokuzala umntwana)`
• Iziko lokuchuma
• Amagqwetha okanye igqwetha
• Ababoneleli ngeenkonzo zokunyamekela abakhulelweyo (iingcali zokubelekisa kunye neengcali zezifo zabesifazane, ababelekisi)
• Ababoneleli ngempilo yengqondo
• Abacebisi ngemfuza

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi kule ndlela?

Enyanisweni, kukho iingozi ezithile kubantu abatshatileyo nakubantu abasebenzisa ukukhulisa umntwana. Ezona zingozi zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• Akukho siqinisekiso sokuba ukukhulelwa kuya kuphumelela okanye ukuba kuya kuhlala ixesha elide.
• Unyango lokuzala kunye neenkqubo zonyango zinokuba yingozi kubazali abakhulelweyo nakumama othwele umntwana.
• Iingozi zemali eziza nonyango lwe-IVF, iinkqubo zonyango, iinkqubo zomthetho, kunye neentlawulo kumama okhulelweyo.
• Iingozi zengqondo ezibangelwa kukuphuma kwesisu, iingxaki, kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo.
• Ukukhathazeka ngenxa yokungakwazi ukulawula umama, ukukhulelwa, nezinye izinto ezibambe umntwana.

Kwakhona, kukho iingozi kumama othwele umntwana. Kufuneka aye kwiikliniki zonyango rhoqo ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ukwasengozini yazo zonke iingxaki ezenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ezinje ngoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile, kunye nosulelo. Ukuthwala umntwana womnye umntu kunokuba nzima ngokweemvakalelo nangokomzimba kwiqabane likamama nakubantwana. Nangona oomama abaninzi abathatha umntwana omnye bevuya ukunceda isibini okanye umntu ngamnye ukuba abe ngabazali, banokukwakha ubudlelwane beemvakalelo nomntwana emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe.

Zithini iingenelo zale ndlela?

Ukukhulelwa lithuba elihle kubantu abatshatileyo nakubantu ngabanye abangakwaziyo ukuba nabantwana ngokwebhayoloji okanye ngokwasemzimbeni ukuba bandise usapho lwabo okanye baqalise usapho. Kwabaninzi abangakhange bakwazi ukuba ngabazali ngenxa yeengxaki zesibeleko, iimeko zonyango okanye zengqondo, okanye imeko yomtshato, kufana nephupha elifezekileyo.

Ngaba umntu ophethe umntwana angamgcina umntwana?

Hayi, umama ozalelwe umntwana akanakumgcina umntwana. Ngaphambi kokuba unyango lokuchuma luqale, isivumelwano esisemthethweni sisayinwa phakathi kwabazali abakhulelweyo kunye nomama ozalelwe umntwana. Esi sivumelwano sichaza ngokucacileyo ukuba umama ozalelwe umntwana kufuneka anikezele umntwana kubazali abakhulelweyo emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe. Kwakhona, njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, ekubeni umama ozalelwe umntwana engenabo ubudlelwane bebhayoloji nomntwana, akanalo ilungelo lobuzali kumntwana.

Ixabisa malini le nto?

Iindleko zomthetho, iindleko zonyango, iintlawulo zearhente, iintlawulo kumama okhulelweyo, kunye nendawo zonke zichaphazela iindleko zale ndlela `(Surrogacy)`. Ngokomndilili, inokubiza naphi na ukusuka kwi-US$50,000 ukuya kwi-US$150,000 nangaphezulu. Ezi ndleko zinokwahluka eSri Lanka, ngoko ke kungcono ukujonga kwiziko elifanelekileyo ukuze ufumane ngokuchanekileyo. Kwakhona, kukho amaxesha apho unyango `(IVF)` lungaphumeleli okokuqala, kwaye emva koko inkqubo kufuneka iphindwe.

Okokugqibela, khumbula...

Ukukhulelwa yindlela apho umama othwele umntwana engahambelani ngokwemfuza nomntwana amthweleyo. Le yindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu yokukhulelwa namhlanje. Le ndlela inceda amawaka abantu abangakwaziyo ukuba nomntwana ngokwebhayoloji okanye ngokwasemzimbeni ukuqala iintsapho zabo.

Le nkqubo ibandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi, kuquka ukufumana umama oza kuzalwa, ukugqiba izivumelwano zomthetho kunye namaphepha, kunye nokudlulisela iimbumba kumntu okhethiweyo. Nangona inokuba yinkqubo ende neyinzima, kwabanye abantu isenokuba yindlela ekuphela kwayo yokufumana uvuyo lokuba ngumzali. Ukuba unomdla kwi-Gestational Surrogacy, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nenkqubo, iindleko, kunye nendlela yokuqalisa. Banokukuthumela kwi-arhente efanelekileyo ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya.

Ukukhulelwa , i-IVF, Ukuzala, UbuMama, UbuTata, Ukungazali, Ukukhulelwa