Ngaba unazo ezi mpawu? Masifunde ngomhlaza wobuchopho obizwa ngokuba yiGlioblastoma (GBM)!

Ngamanye amaxesha ngequbuliso siphathwa yintloko ebuhlungu, okanye siziva utshintsho kwindlela esibona ngayo, akunjalo? Mhlawumbi inkumbulo yethu ilahlekile kancinci. Ezi zinto zinokuba ziqhelekile, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba ziimpawu zesifo esibi. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngohlobo olubi lomhlaza wobuchopho olubaluleke kakhulu ukuba luqatshelwe.

Yintoni iGlioblastoma (GBM)?

Ngamafutshane, iGlioblastoma (GBM) luhlobo lomhlaza wobuchopho onobungozi oxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala. Khawucinge nje, kukho iiseli ezikhethekileyo engqondweni yethu ezinceda iiseli zemithambo-luvo zisebenze kakuhle, ezibizwa ngokuba 'ziiseli zeglial'. Phakathi kwezi seli zeglial, kukho uhlobo olubizwa ngokuba 'zii-astrocytes'. Kukwezi seli ezibizwa ngokuba zii-astrocytes apho lo mhlaza we-glioblastoma uqala khona.

Ezi seli zomhlaza zikhula kwaye zande ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Zisasazeka njengokhula ebuchotsheni. Nangona zingaqhelekanga, ngamanye amaxesha lo mhlaza ungasasazeka kungekuphela nje kwezinye iindawo zengqondo, kodwa nakwi-spinal cord kumqolo wethu. Enyanisweni, lo ngumhlaza onzima kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha, unzima kakhulu kangangokuba unokukhokelela ekufeni kwisithuba esingaphantsi kweenyanga ezintandathu ukuba awunyangwa. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.

Zithini iimpawu zeGlioblastoma (GBM)?

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iimpawu umntu oneGlioblastoma (GBM) anokuzibona. Ezi mpawu zinokwahluka kumntu nomntu, kwaye ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu bethumba kunye nendawo elikuyo engqondweni.

• Umbono ofipheleyo okanye umbono ophindwe kabini: Usenokuziva ngathi umbono wakho uya usiba mbi ngequbuliso, okanye ungaziva ngathi ubona izinto ngaxeshanye.
• Iintloko ezibuhlungu rhoqo: Asiyontloko ebuhlungu eqhelekileyo, kodwa yintloko ebuhlungu kancinci, ehlala ihleli, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iba mandundu kusasa.
• I-Anorexia: Ukuphelelwa ngumnqweno wokutya.
• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo: Ukulibala izinto kunye nobunzima bokukhumbula amagama.
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha kunye nobuntu: Utshintsho olufana nokungafani nangaphambili, ukutshintsha indlela ocinga ngayo, ukucaphuka ngokukhawuleza, okanye ukuthula kakhulu.
• Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi kunye nokungaziva mnandi emzimbeni: Ingalo okanye umlenze omnye uba ndindisholo, ulahlekelwe yibhalansi, kwaye awukwazi ukugcina ibhalansi efanelekileyo xa uhamba.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza: Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza kunokwenzeka, ingakumbi kusasa.
• Ukuxhuzula: Ukuxhuzula kungenzeka ngendlela engazange yenzeke ngaphambili.
• Ukukhubeka xa uthetha: Ubunzima bokufumana amagama, ulwimi oluqinileyo xa uthetha.
• Utshintsho kwimvakalelo yomzimba, ukurhawuzelela: Amanye amalungu omzimba asenokuziva erhawuzelela okanye alahlekelwe yimvakalelo.

Ezi mpawu zihlala ziqala ukubonakala ngokukhawuleza.Kuba njengoko le thumba ikhula ngaphakathi kwengqondo, ibeka uxinzelelo engqondweni, kwaye izicubu zengqondo eziphilileyo nazo zinokutshatyalaliswa.

Kutheni iGlioblastoma (GBM) ikhula?

Umbuzo abantu abaninzi abawubuzayo ngulo, "Kutheni ezi zifo zenzeka?" Abaphandi abakayazi eyona nto ibangela iGlioblastoma (GBM). Nangona kunjalo, njengezinye iigliomas (iithumba ezikhula engqondweni nasemgogodleni), izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba ibangelwa kukuguquka kweDNA yethu.

Uyazi, ii-genes zethu ziqulathe i-DNA. Ezi genes zisinika yonke imiyalelo yokuba iiseli emizimbeni yethu kufuneka zikhule kwaye zahlukane njani. Ngoko ke, xa kukho utshintsho oluthile (utshintsho) kule DNA, iiseli ziqala ukwahlukana ngokukhawuleza nangokungalawulekiyo. Yile ndlela ezi seli zomhlaza ezikhiwa ngayo.

Ngaba esi sisifo esizuzwe njengelifa?

Omnye umbuzo obalulekileyo ngulo, "Ngaba esi sisifo esizuzwa njengelifa?" Ngamanye amaxesha singazuza ilifa lokwahluka kwezakhi zofuzo kubazali bethu. Nangona kunjalo, iGlioblastoma (GBM) ayiqhelekanga. Uninzi lwexesha, olu tshintsho lweDNA (utshintsho) lwenzeka ngokungacwangciswanga ngexesha lobomi bethu, oko kuthetha ukuba alunanxibelelwano lwezakhi zofuzo.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yiGlioblastoma (GBM)?

Nangona nabani na enokuba nesi sifo, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.

• Ubudala: I-Glioblastoma (GBM) ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-45 ukuya kwengama-70 ubudala. Ubudala obuqhelekileyo bokuxilongwa bumalunga neminyaka engama-64 ubudala.
• Ukuchatshazelwa ziikhemikhali ezithile: Umzekelo, ukuchatshazelwa ixesha elide zizinto ezifana nezibulali zinambuzane, ipetroliyam, irabha yokwenziwa, kunye ne-vinyl chloride kunokuba yingozi.
• Ezinye iimeko zemfuza ezibangela umhlaza: Abantu abaneemeko zemfuza ezifana ne-`(Neurofibromatosis)`, `(Li-Fraumeni syndrome)`, kunye ne-`(Turcot syndrome)` basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa ngumhlaza.
• Ukuba sele ufumene unyango lwe-radiation entloko: Ukuba ufumene unyango lwe-radiation entloko ngesizathu esithile kukwangumngcipheko.

Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka zeGlioblastoma (GBM)

I-Glioblastoma (GBM) kunye nonyango lwayo lunokuba nemiphumo eyahlukeneyo ekusebenzeni kwengqondo.

• Utshintsho kwiingxaki zeemvakalelo kunye nememori lunokwenzeka.
• Abantu abaninzi abane-glioblastoma (GBM) ekugqibeleni kufuneka bayeke ukwenza izinto ezifana nokusebenza nokuqhuba.
• Mhlawumbi kufuneka unyango olupheleleyo .
• Olu tshintsho lunokubangela iimeko ezifana neengxaki zokuxhalaba okanye ukudakumba. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba ukhathalele impilo yakho yengqondo.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani iGlioblastoma (GBM)?

Kulungile, ngoku makhe sibone ukuba ugqirha uyixilonga njani iGlioblastoma (GBM).

Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kuqala amamele ngononophelo iimpawu zakho aze enze uvavanyo lwemithambo-luvo. Oku kuthetha ukujonga umbono wakho, ukuva, ibhalansi, kunye nokusabela komzimba.

Ukuba kurhanelwa ukuba kukho umhlaza wobuchopho, kunokwenziwa ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo:

• Iskeni ye-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) okanye i-CT (Computed Tomography): Ezi zithatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zobuchopho kwaye zijonge izinto ezifana nokuba kukho iithumba, ukuba zikhulu kangakanani, kunye nokuba ziphi na engqondweni.
• I-Biopsy: Olu luvavanyo oluqinisekileyo lokufumanisa isifo. Kule meko, isampuli encinci yethumba isuswa ngotyando ize ihlolwe phantsi kwemakroskopu ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza na kwaye loluphi uhlobo lomhlaza.

Amanqanaba eGlioblastoma (GBM)

Oogqirha bahlula iithumba zobuchopho ngokwendlela abaziphethe ngayo, besebenzisa inkqubo yokubeka amanqaku ukusuka ku-I (enye) ukuya ku-IV (ezine).

• Iithumba zeBanga loku-1 zikhula kancinci kwaye azinabundlongondlongo kangako.
• Iithumba zeBanga lesi-IV zezona zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye zinamandla kakhulu .
• Iithumba zeGlioblastoma (GBM) luhlobo lwethumba olunobundlongondlongo kakhulu olukwibanga lesine (iBanga lesi-IV).

I-Glioblastoma (GBM) inokuba yeyokuqala okanye eyesibini:

• I-GBM eyintloko: Ezi zivela ngqo kwiiseli ze-glial, oko kuthetha ukuba zintsha kwaye zinobundlongondlongo.
• I-GBM yesibini: Ezi zivela kwiithumba ze-glial ezazikade ziphantsi (umzekelo, iBanga loku-1 okanye lesi-2) ezithi, ngokuhamba kwexesha, ziguquke zibe yi-Glioblastoma (GBM) enamandla ngakumbi.

Inyangwa njani iGlioblastoma (GBM)?

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba loluphi unyango olufumanekayo loku. I-Glioblastoma (GBM) sisifo ekunzima ukusinyanga ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho unyango olunokunceda ukulawula iimpawu, ukwandisa ubomi kancinci, nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi. Isicwangciso sonyango siyahluka kwisigulana ngasinye kwaye sigqitywa liqela loogqirha.

Iindlela eziphambili zonyango zezi:

• Utyando: Ukususa ithumba elininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima ukususa lonke ithumba ngaphandle kokonakalisa ingqondo. Olu hlobo lotyando lukwabizwa ngokuba yi-"Craniotomy".
• Unyango ngemitha: Ii-X-ray zisetyenziselwa ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo emva kotyando. Ungadinga unyango olufikelela kuma-30 imihla ngemihla kangangeeveki ezintandathu.
• IMRT (Unyango lwemitha olulawulwa ngamandla): Le yindlela ekhethekileyo ejolise kuphela kwi-radiation kwi-tumor, inciphisa umonakalo kwizicubu zobuchopho ezisempilweni.
• Utyando lwe-radiosurgery olusebenzisa i-stereotactic `(Utyando lwe-radiosurgery olusebenzisa i-stereotactic - i-Gamma Knife)`:Oku kusebenzisa imisebe enamandla aphezulu ejoliswe kwithumba, nto leyo enciphisa umonakalo kwizicwili eziphilileyo. Oku kudla ngokusetyenziswa ukuba i-GBM iphinda ivele emva kwe-IMRT.
• I-Chemotherapy: Amayeza anikwa ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. La mayeza ahamba egazini lomzimba aze ahlasele iiseli zomhlaza. Adla ngokunikezelwa kunye nonyango lwemitha aze aqhubeke.
• Unyango lwe-laser interstitial thermal (LITT): Indlela esebenzisa amandla e-laser "ukutshisa" nokutshabalalisa ithumba. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kusetyenziswa.
• Unyango olujoliswe kuko: Unyango olujoliswe kuko lujolise kutshintsho oluthile lweeseli olunceda ukukhula komhlaza. Oku kungasetyenziswa njengendlela eyahlukileyo endaweni ye-chemotherapy okanye kudityaniswe nayo.
• Iintsimi zonyango lwe-tumor (TTF): Indlela yokuthintela ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza ngokuthumela iintsimi zombane ezibuthathaka kwi-tumor ngee-electrodes ezinamathele entlokweni. Oku kusetyenziswa emva konyango lwe-chemo-radiation.
• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa amajoni omzimba wakho ukulwa neeseli ze-GBM. Nangona olu nyango lusavavanywa, likho ithemba.
• Unyango lokudambisa iintlungu: Oku kubandakanya ukunciphisa iimpawu, ukunciphisa iintlungu, kunye nokubonelela ngentuthuzelo ngokweemvakalelo. Ingafumaneka nakweliphi na inqanaba lonyango.

Akukho nyango luhlala luhleli lweGlioblastoma (GBM) okwangoku. Nangona kunjalo, olu nyango lunokubonelela ngesiqabu kwaye luncede ukwandisa ubomi bomguli.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, nceda ungazityesheli. Ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

• Iingxaki zenkumbulo, ingakumbi ukuba ziya zisiba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha.
• Ukulingana kubizwa ngokuba yi-``Seizures```.
• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu, ingakumbi kusasa, engathomalaliswayo ziipilisi zentlungu eziqhelekileyo.
• Iingxaki zamehlo, ukubona kabini, ukubona okufipheleyo.
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu, okanye ukuba nesicaphucaphu nokuhlanza rhoqo.
• Umahluko ocacileyo kwiimpawu kunye nobuntu.
• Ubuthathaka obukhula kancinci kancinci, ukuba ndindisholo, okanye ubunzima bokuthetha.

Ukuba unale mpawu, akuthethi ukuba uneGlioblastoma (GBM). Nangona kunjalo, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ukuze ufumane unobangela.

Ngaba iGlioblastoma (GBM) ingathintelwa?

Ngelishwa, okwangoku akukho ndlela yokuthintela utshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo olubangela iGlioblastoma (GBM), njengoko olu tshintsho ludla ngokwenzeka ngokungacwangciswanga.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isifo sifunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye unyango luqala, izinga lokusasazeka kwethumba linokuncipha kwaye iimpawu zinokulawulwa.

Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba neethumba zobuchopho, oko kuthetha ukuba ucinga ukuba kukho umngcipheko wofuzo, ungathanda ukucinga ngovavanyo lwemfuza. Kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha okanye umcebisi wemfuza ngayo uze ufunde ngezinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga.

Ukubikezela Isifo seGlioblastoma (GBM)

I-Glioblastoma (GBM) ngumhlaza ohlasela kakhulu, kwaye ingqikelelo ayilunganga kangako. Ukuba ayinyangwa, esi sifo sinokukhokelela ekufeni ngexesha elifutshane emva kokuxilongwa.

Nangona kunjalo, unyango lwangoku lunokunceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu, lunike isiqabu kumguli, kwaye mhlawumbi lunokwandisa ixesha lokuphila.

• Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyaqhubeka ukufumana unyango olutsha. Olu vavanyo lunokukhokelela kunyango olutsha olulungele wena.
• Iindlela zonyango ezijolise kwiijini ezithile zeeseli zomhlaza zivelisa iziphumo ezilungileyo.
• Abaphandi bakwahlola iindlela zokuhambisa i-chemotherapy ngqo kwithumba lobuchopho.
• Ngokwesiqhelo, uninzi lwabantu luphila phakathi kweenyanga ezili-12 neli-18 emva kokuba befunyaniswe beneGlioblastoma (GBM).
• Izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu ye-glioblastoma (GBM) limalunga ne-5% . Oku kuthetha ukuba malunga nabantu aba-5 kwabayi-100 abane-GBM basaphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu bexilongiwe.

Ukufumanisa ukuba une-glioblastoma (GBM) kunokuba sisigqibo esinzima ukusenza. Ithumba likhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye unyango lunokuba nzima. Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi bayaqhubeka nokufumana unyango olutsha lwe-GBM. Unyango lwangoku lunokunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi bakho. Ugqirha wakho unokukukhokela kumanyathelo akho alandelayo kwaye akuncede ufumane unyango kunye nenkxaso oyifunayo.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngoko ke, nangona iGlioblastoma (GBM) iyimeko enzima, kubalulekile ukuyazi kwaye ufumane iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza xa iimpawu zibonakala. Okukhona ibonwa kwangoko, kokukhona iziphumo zonyango ziba ngcono.

Hlala unethemba ngonyango olutsha kunye novavanyo lwezonyango. Isayensi yezonyango iqhubela phambili imihla ngemihla.

Ukuba oku kuyenzeka kuwe okanye kumntu omaziyo, khumbula ukuba awuwedwa. Inkxaso nothando loogqirha, abahlengikazi, usapho kunye nabahlobo lubaluleke kakhulu ngeli xesha. Ukuhlala uqinile engqondweni nako kukwayindlela enamandla yokujongana nalo mceli mngeni.

i- glioblastoma, i-gbm, umhlaza wobuchopho, ithumba lobuchopho, i-astrocytoma, i-astrocytoma, iimpawu zomhlaza, iithumba zobuchopho, unyango lomhlaza