Ngaba unesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini? Okanye unengxaki yokutyeba kakhulu emzimbeni (ukutyeba kakhulu)? Ngoko ke ugqirha wakho usenokuba ukuxelele ngohlobo olutsha lwamayeza oluthethwa ngabantu abaninzi kule mihla. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngolu hlobo lwamayeza abizwa ngokuba yi-GLP-1 agonists. Makhe sithethe ngezinto ezi zinto, indlela ezisebenza ngayo, kunye nokuba zifanelekile kubani.
Zithini ii-agonists ze-GLP-1?
Ngamafutshane, ii-agonists ze-GLP-1 ludidi lwamayeza anceda ukulawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini (i-glucose), ikakhulu kubantu abanesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini . Amanye ala mayeza anceda nokulawula ukutyeba kakhulu, okanye ubunzima bomzimba obugqithisileyo .
Uninzi lwala mayeza luza njengenaliti. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka usebenzise isirinji kunye nenaliti ukufaka iyeza elilulwelo. Le naliti ifakwa kwizicubu ezinamafutha phantsi kolusu (inaliti engaphantsi kolusu). Le naliti idla ngokunikezelwa kwiindawo apho kukho amafutha esiswini, ngasemva kwamathanga, ezinqeni eziphezulu, ngasemva kweengalo. Kukwakho namayeza omlomo afumanekayo, njengeepilisi zeSemaglutide (Rybelsus®).
Eli qela lamachiza likwaziwa nangamanye amagama aliqela:
- Ii-agonists ezifana ne-glucagon-like peptide-1
- Ii-agonists ze-GLP-1 receptor
- Ii-Incretin mimetics
La mayeza matsha kakhulu. I-agonist yokuqala ye-GLP-1 (exenatide) yavunywa ngo-2005. Abaphandi basahlola ezinye iindlela ezisetyenziswa ngazo ezi ziyobisi.
Kodwa into enye ekufuneka uyikhumbule: Ii-agonists ze-GLP-1 zodwa azinakunyanga ngokupheleleyo isifo seswekile okanye ukutyeba kakhulu. Zombini ezi meko zifuna ukutya okunempilo kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila .
Eli yeza lisebenza njani emzimbeni?
Ukuze siqonde indlela eli yeza elisebenza ngayo, masiqale sijonge ihomoni eveliswa ngokwemvelo emizimbeni yethu ebizwa ngokuba yi-GLP-1. I-GLP-1 yihomoni eveliswa ngamathumbu ethu amancinci. Yenza izinto ezininzi emzimbeni wethu.
- Inceda ipancreas ikhuphe i-insulin: I-insulin yi-hormone ebalulekileyo ekuguquleni ukutya esikutyayo kube ngamandla. Inciphisa ubungakanani beswekile egazini. Ukuba akukho insulin yaneleyo, inqanaba leswekile egazini liyakhula kwaye isifo seswekile siyakhula.
- Ihomoni yeGlucagon iyavalwa: IGlucagon yihomoni enyusa amanqanaba eswekile egazini xa kufuneka. Ngoko ke, iGLP-1 iyayithintela le nto, ithintela ukuba iswekile engeyomfuneko ingaqokeleli egazini.
- Inciphisa izinga lokukhupha isisu: Xa ukutya esikutyayo kugaywa kwaye kuphuma esiswini ngesantya esiphantsi, iswekile ekutyeni ifunxwa egazini. Oku kulawula ukunyuka ngequbuliso kweswekile egazini.
- Ukutya kudala ukuziva ugcwele (ukwaneliseka):I-hormone ye-GLP-1 ichaphazela iindawo zengqondo zethu ezilawula indlala kunye nokugcwala.
Ngoku, into eyenziwa leli yeza le-agonist le-GLP-1 kukuziphatha njenge-hormone ye-GLP-1 emzimbeni wethu. Oko kukuthi, isebenza 'njengayo'. Eli yeza libopha kwii-receptor ze-GLP-1 kwaye libangela izenzo ezifanayo neze-hormone yendalo. Okukhona idosi ephezulu yeyeza, kokukhona esi siphumo sikhulu.
Ngubani ocebisa eli yeza?
Oogqirha ikakhulu banika la mayeza e-agonist e-GLP-1 kwiimeko ezimbini: Uhlobo lwesibini lweswekile kunye nokutyeba kakhulu.
Kwisifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini
Ugqirha wakho angakunika ii-agonists ze-GLP-1, nokuba zidibene neyeza eliphambili lesifo seswekile (i-metformin), ukuba azilawuli ngokwaneleyo iswekile egazini lakho, okanye ngenxa yezinye izizathu.
- Ukuba ukulawula iswekile egazini akwanelanga nge-metformin yodwa.
- Ukuba awukwazi ukuthatha i-metformin ngenxa yezinye izizathu zempilo.
- Ukuba inqanaba lakho le-A1C liphezulu kakhulu kunelo lijoliswe kulo.
- Ukuba unezinye izifo ezifana nesifo sentliziyo, ukusilela kwentliziyo okungapheliyo, okanye isifo sezintso esingapheliyo kunye nesifo seswekile.
Ngokutyeba kakhulu
Ii-agonists ze-GLP-1 ezifana neSemaglutide kunye neLiraglutide nazo ziyavunywa njengonyango lokutyeba kakhulu kuba zinceda ekunciphiseni ubunzima. Ukutyeba kakhulu kuchazwa njenge-body mass index (BMI) engama-30 nangaphezulu. Oogqirha banokunika la mayeza kubantu abatyebe kakhulu (BMI 25-29.9) kwaye banezinye iingxaki zempilo (umz., uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-cholesterol), njengoko ukunciphisa ubunzima kunokunceda ukulawula ezo meko.
Ngaba abantu abanesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1 bangazithatha ezi?
Oku kusesekwinqanaba lophando. Akukavunywa ngokusemthethweni njengonyango lwesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1. Nangona kunjalo, abanye oogqirha banokukunika "iyeza elingekho kwileyibhile" xa kufuneka. Kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto.
Funda ngokusetyenziswa kwamayeza kunye nemiphumo yawo emibi.
Ugqirha wakho uza kugqiba ukuba kufuneka ulithathe kangaphi eli yeza. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela loo miyalelo ngokuchanekileyo.
| Igama leyeza (i-GLP-1 Agonist) | Ukuphindaphinda kokuthathwa |
|---|---|
| I-Dulaglutide (iTrulicity®) | Kanye ngeveki |
| I-Exenatide (Byetta®) | Kabini ngemini |
| I-Liraglutide (iVictoza®) | Kanye ngosuku |
| I-Semaglutide (Ozempic®, Rybelsus®) | Kanye ngeveki (inaliti) / yonke imihla (iipilisi) |
Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zale mithi?
Njengayo nayiphi na iyeza, ezi zinokuba nemiphumo emibi.
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo: Ezi zidla ngokubonakala kwangethuba xa unyango luqalwa.
- Umnqweno wokutya
- Isicaphucaphu
- Ukuhlanza
- Urhudo
- Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga:
- Isiyezi
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo kancinci
- Intloko ebuhlungu
- Isisu esibuhlungu
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingaqhelekanga kodwa ezinokuba yingozi:
- I-Pancreatitis
- Uhlobo lomhlaza we-thyroid (umhlaza we-thyroid we-Medullary)
- Ukulimala kwezintso okubukhali
- I-retinopathy enxulumene nesifo seswekile iya isiba mandundu
Zithini iingozi zala mayeza?
Nangona eli yeza likhuselekile ngokubanzi, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uzazi.
Iimpendulo ze-Allergic
Abanye abantu banokuba ne-allergy kule mithi. Ukuba usoloko urhawuzelelwa okanye ubomvu kwindawo ohlatywe kuyo inaliti, xelela ugqirha wakho. Nangona kunjalo, i-allergy enzima ebizwa ngokuba yi-anaphylaxis yingxamiseko.
Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezinje ngobunzima bokuphefumla, iintlungu zomzimba, ubunzima bokuginya, okanye ukuqina kwesifuba , yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko.
Sebenzisa ngexesha lokukhulelwa
Akukhuthazwa ukuba usebenzise ii-agonists ze-GLP-1 ngexesha lokukhulelwa . Ukuba usela eli yeza, kufuneka usebenzise indlela yokulawula ukukhulelwa ethembekileyo. Ukuba ukhulelwa ngelixa usela eli yeza, bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
Iswekile ephantsi egazini (iHypoglycemia)
Umngcipheko we-hypoglycemia uphantsi xa usela eli yeza lodwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ulisebenzisa kunye namanye amayeza eswekile, afana ne-insulin okanye i-sulfonylureas, umngcipheko we-hypoglycemia uphezulu. Ukuba iswekile yakho yegazi yehla ngaphantsi kwe-70 mg/dL, unokufumana iimpawu ezinjengokungcangcazela, ukubila, isiyezi, kunye nendlala enkulu. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, kufuneka utye into eneswekile (njengesiselo esineswekile, ibhanana) ngokukhawuleza.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ii-agonists ze-GLP-1 luhlobo lwamayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini kunye nokutyeba kakhulu, kwaye uninzi lwawo anikwa njengeenaliti.
- Eli yeza lisebenza njengehomoni ye-GLP-1 emzimbeni wethu, linyusa ukuveliswa kwe-insulin, lidala ukuziva ugcwele, kwaye linceda ekulawuleni iswekile kunye nobunzima.
- Xa usebenzisa eli yeza, kubalulekile ukwenza utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo kunye nendlela otya ngayo. Amayeza odwa awanele.
- Iziphumo ezingalindelekanga ezifana nokucaphuka nokuhlanza ziqhelekile ekuqaleni. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezibi kakhulu ze-allergy (ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumla) , yiya kwi-ETU ngoko nangoko.
- Kuphephe ukusebenzisa eli yeza ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Xoxa nogqirha wakho kuphela ukuba eli yeza likulungele na, indlela yokulisebenzisa, kunye nokuba lingakanani na idosi.
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