Usenokuba ngumntu onesifo seswekile, okanye usenokuba nelungu losapho okanye umhlobo onesifo seswekile. Usenokuba ubabonile abantu abanjalo besebenzisa inaliti ye-insulin. Abanye abantu bacinga ukuba i-insulin liyeza nje lesifo seswekile. Kodwa eneneni, i-insulin yinto eveliswa ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu kwaye iyimfuneko kuthi. Ke namhlanje, masifumanise ukuba yintoni kanye kanye i-insulin, yintoni eyenzayo emzimbeni, kwaye inxulumene njani nesifo seswekile.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-insulin?
Ngamafutshane, i-insulin yi-hormone eveliswa ngokwemvelo emzimbeni wethu. Yenziwa sisitho esibizwa ngokuba yi-pancreas yethu. Ngokuchanekileyo, iveliswa luhlobo oluthile lweseli olubizwa ngokuba yi-'beta cells' kwi-pancreas. Le hormone ibalulekile ebomini bethu. Kuba yile insulin enceda iiseli ukuguqula iswekile, okanye i-glucose, esiyifumana ekutyeni esikutyayo ibe ngamandla.
Cinga ngale ndlela. Imizimba yethu ifumana iswekile (iswekile) ekutyeni okutyebileyo kwiicarbohydrate esikutyayo, njengerayisi, isonka, kunye neetapile. Le swekile yeyona nto iphambili enika amandla ukuze iiseli zomzimba wethu zisebenze. Ifana nepetroli yemoto. Xa le swekile isegazini, kufuneka ingene kwiiseli ukuze yenze amandla. Kodwa iingcango zeeseli ziyavalwa. I-insulin sisitshixo esivula ezo ngcango.
Xa i-insulin yongezwa egazini, iyahamba ize ithumele umyalezo kwiiseli, isithi, "Vula ucango ngoku, i-glucose ingena." Emva koko i-glucose ingena kwiiseli ize ivelise amandla.
Khawucinge nje, kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ipancreas yakho ayivelisi i-insulin eyaneleyo, okanye ukuba iiseli zakho aziphenduli kakuhle kwi-insulin eyenzayo (siyibiza ngokuba kukunganyamezelani ne-insulin)? Iglucose egazini ayinakungena kwiiseli. Emva koko inqanaba leswekile egazini liba phezulu kakhulu. Le meko siyibiza ngokuba yi-hyperglycemia , okanye "iswekile ephezulu." Ukuba le meko iyaqhubeka, isifo seswekile siyakhula.
Ngaba i-insulin iyawanciphisa okanye iyawanyusa amanqanaba eswekile egazini?
Le yingxaki abantu abaninzi abanayo. I-insulin isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa amanqanaba eswekile egazini. Oko kukuthi, ithatha iswekile edada egazini ize iyifake kwiiseli, nto leyo efana nokucoca igazi.
Imizimba yethu inenkqubo emangalisayo elawula oku. Nangona i-insulin yehlisa iswekile yegazi, kukho enye i-hormone ebizwa ngokuba yi-glucagon enyusa amanqanaba eswekile yegazi xa kufuneka. Ezi zimbini zisebenza njengamacala amabini esikali, zigcina amanqanaba eswekile yegazi lethu ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile.
Nangona kunjalo, xa umntu onesifo seswekile ethatha i-insulin ngaphandle njengenaliti, ngamanye amaxesha isixa esithathwayo sinokuba ngaphezulu kwesixa esifunekayo. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, inqanaba leswekile egazini liya kwehla kakhulu. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-hypoglycemia . Le yimeko enobungozi. Kwimeko enjalo, kufuneka utye into eneswekile (iqhekeza lelekese, icephe leswekile) ngokukhawuleza ukuze ubuyisele inqanaba leswekile. Ukuba iswekile yehla kakhulu, yingxamiseko. Kukwakho neenaliti zeglucagon ezinokunikwa ngamaxesha anjalo. Ungathetha nogqirha wakho kwaye ufunde okungakumbi ngayo.
Ziziphi izifo ezinxulumene ne-insulin?
Iimeko ezahlukeneyo zempilo zinokwenzeka ngenxa yokungabikho kwe-insulin eyaneleyo emzimbeni, okanye ukungakwazi komzimba ukusebenzisa i-insulin ngokufanelekileyo, okanye i-insulin eninzi.
Iimeko ezibangelwa kukungabikho kwe-insulin okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-insulin
Olu didi lubandakanya ikakhulu iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesifo seswekile.
- Uhlobo 1 lwesifo seswekile: Le yimeko yokuzikhusela komzimba. Ngamafutshane, inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ihlasela ngempazamo kwaye itshabalalise iiseli ze-beta ezivelisa i-insulin kwi-pancreas. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, umzimba awusakwazi ukuvelisa i-insulin. Aba bantu kufuneka bathathe i-insulin evela ngaphandle ukuze baphile.
- Isifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c: Oku kwenzeka xa imveliso ye-insulin iphazamiseka ngenxa yomonakalo kwi-pancreas. Umzekelo, ukudumba kwexesha elide kwi-pancreas (i-Chronic Pancreatitis), i-cystic fibrosis (i-Cystic Fibrosis), okanye ukususwa kwe-pancreas ngotyando (i-Pancreatectomy) kunokubangela le meko.
- Isifo Seswekile Esizimele Sokuzikhusela Kwabantu Abadala (i-LADA): Esi sifana nesohlobo 1, kodwa iimpawu zibonakala kamva kakhulu. Sidla ngokuvela kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala.
Iimeko ezibangelwa kukunganyamezelani ne-insulin
Okwenzekayo koku kukuba umzimba uvelisa i-insulin, kodwa iiseli zomzimba (ingakumbi izihlunu, amafutha kunye neeseli zesibindi) aziphenduli kakuhle kuloo insulin. Kufana nokuzama ukuvula ucango ngesitshixo esinomhlwa.
- I-Prediabetes: Le yimeko apho amanqanaba eswekile egazini ephezulu kunesiqhelo, kodwa engekho phezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba kufunyaniswe ukuba unesifo seswekile. Eyona nto ibangela oku kukunganyamezelani ne-insulin. Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila lunokunceda ekuthinteleni ukuphuhliswa kwesifo seswekile.
- Uhlobo lwesibini lwesifo seswekile: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwesifo seswekile ehlabathini. Ukumelana ne-insulin kuyanda kangangokuba i-pancreas ayikwazi ukuvelisa i-insulin eyaneleyo, nto leyo ebangela amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile egazini.
- Isifo Seswekile Sokukhulelwa: Esi sifo sivela kwabanye abafazi ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Kukholelwa ukuba sibangelwa ziihomoni ezikhutshwa yi-placenta, ezibangela ukuxhathisa i-insulin. Esi sifo sidla ngokunyamalala emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe.
Imveliso ye-insulin egqithisileyo
Le yimeko engaqhelekanga. I-Insulinoma sisimila esikhula kwi-pancreas. Oku kubangela ukuba i-pancreas ivelise i-insulin eninzi xa ingafuneki. Oku kubangela amanqanaba eswekile egazini aphantsi kakhulu (i-hypoglycemia). Nangona kunjalo, ezi thumba zinokunyangwa ngokupheleleyo ngokususwa ngotyando.
Zeziphi iintlobo ze-insulin ezinikwa abantu abanesifo seswekile?
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-insulin ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo seswekile. Zihlulwe ngokwendlela ezisebenza ngayo ngokukhawuleza kunye nexesha ezihlala ngalo emzimbeni. Ukuba unesifo seswekile, ugqirha wakho uya kumisela uhlobo kunye nomthamo ofanelekileyo kuwe.
Nazi iintlobo eziphambili.
| Uhlobo lwe-insulin | Ixesha elithathiweyo ukusebenza | Ixesha emzimbeni |
|---|---|---|
| Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza | Phakathi kwemizuzu emi-5 ukuya kwengama-20 | Phakathi kweeyure ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5. Idla ngokuthathwa ngaphambi kokutya. |
| Esebenza ixesha elifutshane/Eqhelekileyo | Phakathi kwemizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-45 | Phakathi kweeyure ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-8. |
| Ukusebenza okuphakathi | Malunga neeyure ezi-2 | Phakathi kweeyure ezili-14 ukuya kwezingama-24. |
| Isebenza ixesha elide | Malunga neyure | Ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezingama-24. Inceda ukugcina isiseko sayo yonke imini. |
| Isebenza ixesha elide kakhulu | Malunga neeyure ezi-6 | Ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezingama-48 (iintsuku ezi-2). |
Ezinye zezi ziza ne-insulin exutyiweyo (exutyiweyo). Konke oku kulungiselelwa ngugqirha wakho ngokweemfuno zomzimba wakho.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zokujova nge-insulin?
Njengayo nayiphi na imithi, i-insulin inokuba nemiphumo emibi, kodwa le miphumo idla ngokulawulwa.
- Iswekile ephantsi egazini (iHypoglycemia): Le yeyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo. Oku kwenzeka ukuba uthatha i-insulin engaphezulu kuneemfuno zomzimba wakho. Kunokubangela ukubila, ukungcangcazela, indlala enkulu, ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, kwanokulahlekelwa zingqondo.
- Utshintsho lolusu kwindawo yokujova: Ukuba uqhubeka ujova i-insulin kwindawo enye, amafutha anokuqokelelana phantsi kolusu aze enze amaqhuma. Okanye amafutha anokunyibilika aze enze amaqhuma eluswini. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -localized lipodystrophy . Yingakho kubalulekile ukujikeleza iindawo zokujova.
- Ukusabela kwe-allergic: Oku kunqabile kakhulu. Abanye abantu banokuba ne-allergic kwiintlobo ezithile ze-insulin. Iimpawu zingabandakanya ukubomvu, ukurhawuzelela, kunye nokudumba kwindawo yokujova.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo. Musa ukuzama ukutshintsha idosi ngokubona kwakho.
Zeziphi iindawo ezifanelekileyo zokufaka i-insulin?
Ngokubanzi, iindawo ezifanelekileyo zokufaka i-insulin ziindawo apho kukho izicubu ezinamafutha.
- Indawo yesisu (malunga ne-intshi ezimbini ukusuka enkabeni)
- Ngaphambili okanye emacaleni eethanga
- Umva wengalo engasentla
- Inxalenye ephezulu yeempundu
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukutshintsha iindawo ngaphandle kokuqhubeka nokuphulula indawo efanayo. Ukuba uphulule icala lasekhohlo lesisu sakho kusasa, phulula icala lasekunene ebusuku. Tshintshela emathangeni akho ngomso. Ukwenza njalo kunokunceda kakhulu ekuthinteleni iingxaki zolusu ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili.
Ungaphila ixesha elingakanani ngaphandle kwe-insulin?
Le yingxaki enzulu kakhulu.Umntu onesifo seswekile oxhomekeke kwi-insulin (ingakumbi umntu onesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1) akanakuphila ngaphandle kwe-insulin.
Ngaphandle kwe-insulin, amanqanaba eswekile egazini anyuka ngendlela engalawulekiyo. Ngenxa yokungakwazi ukusebenzisa i-glucose ukuze ibe namandla, iiseli zomzimba ziqala ukutshisa amafutha ukuze zibe namandla. Le nkqubo ivelisa imveliso ebizwa ngokuba yi-"ketones." Ezi ketones ziqokelelana egazini, nto leyo eyenza libe ne-asidi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) .
I-DKA yimeko esongela ubomi ngequbuliso. Ingakhula kwiiyure ezingama-24 nje kuphela. Inokwenzeka ngokukhawuleza nangakumbi ukuba uyahlanza. Iimpawu ziquka ukoma kakhulu, ukuchama rhoqo, iintlungu zesisu, ukuhlanza, ubunzima bokuphefumla, kunye nevumba elimnandi lomphefumlo. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, kufuneka uye kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele (ETU) ngoko nangoko . Ukuba ayinyangwa, umntu angafa.
Ngoko ke, ukuba usebenzisa i-insulin, lumka kakhulu ukuba uyizalise kwakhona i-insulin yakho ngaphambi kokuba iphele.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-insulin ayisiyonto nje yonyango lwesifo seswekile, yi-hormone eveliswa yimizimba yethu kwaye ibalulekile ebomini.
- Umsebenzi ophambili we-insulin kukunceda ukuhambisa iswekile (iglucose) egazini ukuya kwiiseli eziza kusetyenziselwa amandla. Oku kunceda ukulawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini.
- Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesifo seswekile. Ezinye zibangelwa kukungabikho kwe-insulin, ngelixa ezinye zibangelwa kukungaphenduli komzimba kwi-insulin (ukuxhathisa i-insulin).
- Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-insulin ezinikwa ngaphandle. Ngugqirha wakho kuphela onokumisela uhlobo kunye nomthamo ofanelekileyo kuwe.
- Xa ufaka i-insulin, tshintsha indawo efakwe kuyo endaweni yokuyifaka kwindawo enye. Oku kuya kunceda ukuthintela iingxaki zesikhumba.
- Kumntu oxhomekeke kwi-insulin, ukulahlekelwa yi-insulin kusongela ubomi. Lumka kwiimeko eziyingozi ezifana ne-DKA. Ukuba unamathandabuzo, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.
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