Yintoni isifo sentliziyo? Masifunde ngqo ngale meko iyingozi.

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva intlungu okanye ukuxinana esifubeni sakho? Uninzi lwethu lucinga ukuba, "Oku kumele ukuba yi-gastritis." Kodwa ayizizo zonke iintlungu esifubeni eziyi-gastritis. Inokuba sisiqalo sohlaselo lwentliziyo olubi kakhulu, olusongela ubomi, okanye into esiyibiza ngokuba luhlaselo lwentliziyo. Ukuba ibonwa ngexesha, inokusindisa ubomi. Ngoko masithethe ngale nto ngokuchanekileyo nangokulula namhlanje.

Kalula nje, yintoni isifo sentliziyo?

Uhlaselo lwentliziyo, olwaziwa ngokwezonyango ngokuba yi-"Myocardial Infarction", yimeko eyingozi kakhulu eyenzeka xa izihlunu zentliziyo zingafumani igazi elifunekayo. Khawuthelekelele ukuba umbhobho ozisa amanzi endlwini yethu uvalekile luthuli. Emva koko amanzi awaphumi empompini, akunjalo? Kunjalo ke, xa omnye okanye ngaphezulu kwemithambo yegazi (imithambo yegazi) ethwala igazi entliziyweni ivaliwe, igazi alihambi liye kwinxalenye yentliziyo.

Xa igazi liphuma, izihlunu zentliziyo ezingasebenziyo igazi ziqala ukufa. Ukuba igazi alibuyiselwanga ngokukhawuleza, oku kunokubangela umonakalo ongunaphakade entliziyweni okanye nokufa.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenene xa kusenzeka uhlaselo lwentliziyo?

Xa unesifo sentliziyo, ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwinxalenye yentliziyo yakho kuyema ngokupheleleyo okanye kunciphe kakhulu. Oku kubangela ukuba izihlunu zentliziyo zonakale okanye zife. Xa inxalenye yentliziyo isifa ngaphandle kwegazi, ayisakwazi ukupompa igazi. Oku kunokuphazamisa ukusebenza kokupompa kwentliziyo yonke. Oku kunokunciphisa okanye kumise ukuhamba kwegazi emzimbeni wonke. Oku kunokuba yingozi ukuba akunyangelwa ngokukhawuleza.

Zingaba yintoni iimpawu zoku?

Kunokubakho iimpawu ezininzi zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Ezinye zixhaphakile kakhulu, ezinye azixhaphakanga kangako. Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzazi kakuhle ezi mpawu.

Iimpawu eziphambili abantu abaninzi abazibonayo zezi:

Ngaba kukho umahluko kwiimpawu phakathi kwamadoda nabafazi?

Ewe, eli linqaku elibaluleke kakhulu. Iimpawu ezibonakaliswa ngabasetyhini xa benesifo sentliziyo zinokwahluka kwezo zamadoda.

• Abafazi abanakukwazi ukufumana iintlungu eziqatha esifubeni kunamadoda. Endaweni yoko, banokufumana iimpawu ezinje ngokuphefumla kancinci, ukudinwa kakhulu, ukungalali, isicaphucaphu, nokuhlanza . Banokufumana iintlungu emqolo, emagxeni, entanyeni, ezingalweni, okanye esiswini.
• Amadoda ngokubanzi anamathuba amaninzi okufumana iintlungu zesifuba "eziqhelekileyo" esizaziyo sonke.

Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abafazi, ngakumbi, bazi ezi mpawu zahlukeneyo.

Zithini izizathu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo?

Uninzi lwezihlaselo zentliziyo lubangelwa kukuvaleka komthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi entliziyweni. Eyona nto ibangela oku zii -cholesterol deposits (Plaque). Kanye njengokuba xa uthulula ioyile kwisinki yekhitshi, ioyile inamathela ngaphakathi kwimibhobho, i-cholesterol nezinye izinto zinamathela ngaphakathi kwimithambo yegazi yethu kwaye zenze umaleko. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-'(Atherosclerosis).' Xa ezi deposits ze -cholesterol zisanda kwaye imithambo yegazi incipha, sibiza loo meko ngokuthi '(Isifo seMitha yeCoronary)'.

Ngamanye amaxesha, umphezulu wale cholesterol uyaqhekeka. Ihlwili legazi linokuvela kwindawo apho kuqhekeke khona lize lihlale. Ukuba eli hlwili liyivala ngokupheleleyo imithambo yegazi, linokuthintela ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwimisipha yentliziyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo.

Ukongeza kwesi sizathu siphambili, ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunokwenzeka nangenxa yezinye izizathu, kunqabile kakhulu (malunga ne-5% yazo zonke ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo).

• Ukucutheka ngequbuliso kwemithambo yegazi yentliziyo (i-Coronary artery spasm).
• Iimeko ezingaqhelekanga zempilo ezibangela ukucutheka okungaqhelekanga kwemithambo yegazi.
• Ukonakala kwemithambo yegazi yentliziyo ngenxa yengozi.
• I-Embolism kuxa into efana nehlwili legazi elenziwe kwenye indawo emzimbeni ihamba ize inamathele emthanjeni wegazi entliziyweni.
• Iingxaki zokutya zinokubangela umonakalo wentliziyo ixesha elide.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu?

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokubangela umngcipheko wokuba nesifo sentliziyo. Ezinye zazo asinakuzitshintsha, kodwa ezinye sinokuzilawula.

Oogqirha bakuxelela njani ukuba unesifo sentliziyo?

Uhlaselo lwentliziyo ludla ngokuchongwa kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele (ETU). Xa usiya kwi-ETU uneempawu zakho, ugqirha uza kukuhlola. Baza kujonga izinga lokubetha kwentliziyo yakho, uxinzelelo lwegazi, bamamele intliziyo yakho kunye nemiphunga, baze babuze ngazo naziphi na iimpawu oye wazifumana.

Emva koko, kwenziwa iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa le meko.

• Uvavanyo lweGazi: Le yeyona ndlela ithembekileyo yokufumanisa isifo sentliziyo. Xa izihlunu zentliziyo zonakele, ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-``Cardiac Troponin`` ikhutshwa egazini ivela kwezo seli. Oku kulinganiswa ngovavanyo lwegazi.
• I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram): Olu luvavanyo lokuqala oza kulunikwa xa usiya kwi-ETU. Lujonga imiqondiso yombane yentliziyo yakho ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho na umonakalo entliziyweni yakho okanye ukuba kukho ukubetha kwentliziyo okungahambelaniyo.
• I-Echocardiogram: Oku kufana ne-ultrasound scan. Ithatha imifanekiso yangaphakathi nangaphandle kwentliziyo yakho ukuze ibone ukuba iphefumla kakuhle kangakanani na kwaye ingaba iivalvu zisebenza kakuhle na.
• I-Coronary Angiogram: Olu vavanyo lusebenzisa idayi ekhethekileyo kunye ne-X-rays ukuthatha imifanekiso yemithambo yegazi entliziyweni. Oku kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba kukho nayiphi na imithambo yegazi evalekileyo.

Iphathwa njani?

Injongo ephambili yokunyanga isifo sentliziyo kukubuyisela ukuhamba kwegazi kwimisipha yentliziyo eyonakeleyo ngokukhawuleza. Oku kunokufezekiswa kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kumayeza ukuya kutyando.

Unyango olukhawulezileyo

• Ioksijini: Ioksijini inikwa abo banengxaki yokuphefumla ngetyhubhu yempumlo okanye imaski yomlomo.
• Iintlobo zamayeza:
• Izinto ezithintela ukugabha kwegazi: Izinto ezinciphisa igazi ezifana ne-aspirin.
• I-Nitroglycerin: Oku kunciphisa iintlungu zesifuba kwaye kwandisa imithambo yegazi, okwenza kube lula ukuba igazi lihambe.
• Iipilisi zokunciphisa iintlungu: Amayeza anjenge-morphine anikwa ukunciphisa iintlungu zesifuba.
• I-Thrombolytics: Ezi zinikwa kwiiyure ezili-12 zokuqala emva kokuhlaselwa yintliziyo.
• Ii-Beta-blockers: Ezi zilawula isantya sentliziyo, zinika intliziyo ukuphumla kwaye ziyincede ukuba ibuyele esiqhelweni.
• Iistatini: Ezi zilawula i-cholesterol, zigcina i-cholesterol ihleli kwimithambo yegazi, kwaye zithintela olunye uhlaselo lwentliziyo.

Unyango oluthile

• Ukungenelela kweCoronary Percutaneous (PCI) / i-Angioplasty: Olu lolona nyango luqhelekileyo. Ngamafutshane, ityhubhu encinci (i-catheter) ifakwa ngomlenze okanye engalweni kwimithambo yegazi entliziyweni, kwaye isixhobo esifana nebhaluni siyavuthelwa ukuze kuvulwe indawo evalekileyo. I -stent , isixhobo esifana ne-mesh, sibekwa kuloo ndawo ukuze imithambo yegazi ingavaleki kwakhona.Indlela oku kwenziwa ngayo ngokukhawuleza inefuthe elikhulu kubomi besigulana.
• Utyando lweCoronary Artery Bypass (CABG): Olu tyando ludla ngokubizwa ngokuba lutyando lwe-bypass . Olu tyando lwenziwa xa imithambo yegazi esentliziyweni ivalekile kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi. Oku kuquka ukuthatha isiqwenga somthambo wegazi kwenye indawo yomzimba (ngokuqhelekileyo esifubeni, engalweni, okanye emlenzeni) kunye nokudala indlela entsha yokuba igazi lijikeleze indawo evalekileyo.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuchacha emva konyango?

Ixesha elithathayo ukuze uzive ungcono emva konyango lixhomekeke kubukhali besifo sentliziyo, ixesha oluqale ngalo unyango, kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye iimeko zempilo obunazo.

Isilinganiso sokuhlala esibhedlele ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ukuba unyangwa ngamayeza odwa: Malunga neentsuku ezi-6.
• Ukuba unyango lwe-PCI/Stent lwenziwe: Malunga neentsuku ezi-4.
• Ukuba ubukhe watyandwa nge-bypass (CABG): Olu lutyando olukhulu kwaye ukuchacha kuya kuthatha ixesha. Kusenokufuneka uhlale iintsuku ezisi-8 ukuya kwezili-12.

Kungathatha naphi na ukusuka kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuchacha ngokupheleleyo esibhedlele nokubuyela emsebenzini nakwimisebenzi yesiqhelo. Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika imiyalelo ethile malunga noku.

Yintoni omele uyenze ukuze usinde xa uhlaselwa yintliziyo kwaye ungayiphindi ivele?

Zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukuthintela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Ukuba sele unayo, kubalulekile ukwenza ezi zinto ukuthintela esinye isifo.

• Fumana ingcebiso efanelekileyo kwezonyango: Ndwendwela ugqirha wakho wosapho (PCP) ukuze uhlolwe ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka. Jonga izinto ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi, amanqanaba eswekile, kunye namanqanaba e-cholesterol.
• Yeka ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo: Iicuba, iicuba, kunye neecuba ze-elektroniki (vaping) zonke maziyekwe.
• Zilolonge rhoqo: Zilolonge ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngomlinganiselo ophakathi, ubuncinane iintsuku ezi-5 ngeveki. Nokuba uhamba ngokukhawuleza kulungile.
• Yamkela ukutya okunempilo: Nciphisa ukutya okuneoyile eninzi, ityuwa, iswekile, ukutya okukhawulezayo, kunye nokutya okupakishwe kwiipakethe kangangoko unako. Faka imifuno engakumbi, iziqhamo, imifuno, kunye nenyama engenamafutha kunye neentlanzi ekutyeni kwakho.
• Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni obuhambelana nobude bakho.
• Lawula ezinye izifo: Ukuba unesifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, okanye i-cholesterol, thatha amayeza owanikwe ngugqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo nangexesha.
• Nciphisa uxinzelelo: Khulula ingqondo yakho ngezinto ezifana neyoga kunye nokucamngca.

Kutheni uthi ngo-1990 endaweni yokuya esibhedlele wedwa?

Ukuba uneempawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, ukufowunela u-1990 uze ufumane i-ambulensi kunokuba yindlela yokusindisa ubomi, endaweni yokufumana imoto uze uziqhubele esibhedlele. Zininzi izizathu zoku:

1. Unyango lungaqala kwi-ambulensi: Abasebenzi bezonyango abaqeqeshiweyo kwi-ambulensi bangaqala iimvavanyo ezisisiseko (ezifana ne-ECG) kunye nonyango (i-oxygen, i-aspirin) oludingayo xa usiya esibhedlele. Oku kusindisa ixesha elibalulekileyo.

2. Uza kufumana unyango olukhawulezileyo esibhedlele: Xa ufika nge-ambulensi, uza kwaziswa kwangaphambili ukuba ungumguli ongxamisekileyo, ngoko ke uza kufumana unyango olukhawulezileyo kwi-ETU.

3. Ukuba ulahlekelwa zingqondo endleleni: Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunokubangela ukuba intliziyo yakho ibethe ngendlela engaqhelekanga okanye ime, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba ulahlekelwe zingqondo. Oku kungaba yingozi enkulu ukuba uqhuba imoto. Ukuba oku kwenzeka kwi-ambulensi, banokukunyanga ngoko nangoko baze bakusindise.

Khumbula, "Yonke imizuzwana oyigcinayo yinyama entliziyweni yakho." Oko kuthetha ukuba ufumana ithuba elingcono ebomini.