Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba intliziyo yakho ibetha njani ngaphandle kokuphumla, ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ngesingqi esifanayo? Xa silele, xa sisebenza, xa sibaleka, lonke eli xesha, intliziyo yenza umsebenzi wayo ngokugqibeleleyo. Isizathu soku yinkqubo yombane emangalisayo ngaphakathi entliziyweni. Njengenkqubo yocingo endlwini, le yinto enika intliziyo isignali yokubetha, oko kukuthi, isignali yombane. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale nkqubo yokuqhuba umbane yentliziyo.
Yintoni le nkqubo yombane yentliziyo?
Ngamafutshane, inkqubo yokuhambisa umbane yentliziyo yakho yinethiwekhi ekhethekileyo yeeseli ezilawula ukubetha kwentliziyo. Iqulethe iiseli zemithambo-luvo kunye neeseli zemisipha. Imiqondiso yombane ethunyelwa yile nkqubo yiyo ebangela ukuba intliziyo ifinyele ize iphumle.
Cinga ngenkqubo yocingo ekhayeni lethu. Njengokuba umbane uhamba ngeengcingo ukuze uvule izibane okanye ukhanyise ifeni, le nkqubo yombane esentliziyweni ithumela imiqondiso kwizihlunu zentliziyo, izixelela ukuba "lixesha lokufinyela," kwaye "lixesha lokupompa igazi."
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeeseli ezilawula le nkqubo:
- Iiseli eziqhubayo: Ezi zifana 'neentambo' ezithwala imiqondiso yombane kuyo yonke intliziyo.
- Iiseli zemisipha: Xa ezi seli zifumana isignali yombane, ziyafinyela. Oko kukuthi, intliziyo ibetha ngenxa yezi seli. Kanye njengokuba isibane sikhanya xa umbane udlula ngentambo.
Ezi zimpawu zezona ziyalela intliziyo ukuba ipompe igazi emzimbeni wonke.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenene kule nkqubo?
Umsebenzi oyintloko wenkqubo yombane yentliziyo kukuthumela isignali yokuqalisa ukubetha kwentliziyo. Ikwalawula ukuba iindawo ezahlukeneyo zentliziyo (amagumbi aphezulu nasezantsi abizwa ngokuba yi-atria kunye ne-ventricles) kufuneka zinciphe nini kwaye kufuneka ziphumle nini.
Le nkqubo yokuncitshiswa nokubuyela esiqhelweni ilawulwa ngokuchanekileyo, yiyo loo nto igazi lihamba entliziyweni lize lisuke apho liye emzimbeni wonke.
Inkqubo yombane yentliziyo ephilileyo igcina isantya sentliziyo esizinzileyo nesilinganayo. Ikwanceda ukukhawulezisa isantya sentliziyo yakho xa ufuna ioksijini negazi elingakumbi, njengaxa uzilolonga okanye ubaleka, kunye nokuthoba isantya xa uphumle.
Indlela eyenzeka ngayo i-heart attack, inyathelo ngenyathelo
Ngokubetha kwentliziyo nganye, olu phawu lombane luhamba ngendlela ethile entliziyweni. Cinga ngalo njengololiwe ohamba kumzila othile.
1. Isiqalo - Umvelisi wentliziyo: Okokuqala, i-sinoatrial node (i-SA node) entliziyweni.Isignali yombane iqala kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yiyo. Le yi "pacemaker yendalo" yentliziyo. Ifana neswitshi ephambili endlwini.
2. Ukufinyela kwegumbi eliphezulu: Olu phawu lombane lusasazeka luye kumagumbi amabini aphezulu entliziyo, i-atria . Emva koko, loo magumbi mabini ayafinyela, athumele igazi kuwo liye kumagumbi asezantsi entliziyo.
3. Isibane sendlela: Okulandelayo, esi sibane sifikelela kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-atrioventricular node (AV node) . Oku kufana nesibane sendlela. Apha, isibane siyalibaziseka ngesiqingatha somzuzwana. Isizathu soku kukunika lonke igazi elikwiigumbi ezimbini eziphezulu ixesha lokuthulula liye kwiigumbi ezisezantsi.
4. Hamba ngentambo ephambili: Emva koko, isignali ebambezelekileyo ihamba ngemicu yemithambo-luvo ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yiBundle of His .
5. Ukufinyela kwamagumbi asezantsi: Ekugqibeleni, esi siginali sisasazeka ngenethiwekhi yeengcingo ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba yiPurkinje fibers ukuya kumagumbi amabini asezantsi entliziyo, iiventricles . La magumbi mabini asezantsi emva koko afinyela ngamandla, epompa igazi liye emiphungeni kwelinye icala nakwelinye icala lomzimba kwelinye.
Xa zonke ezi nyathelo zidibana, ukubetha kwentliziyo kugqityiwe. Khawuthelekelele, inkqubo yombane yentliziyo yakho ithumela amawaka ezi miqondiso ngosuku ukuze ikugcine uphila.
| Inxalenye yenkqubo yombane | Umsebenzi ulula. |
|---|---|
| I-Sinoatrial node (i-SA node) | Isixhobo sendalo sokunceda intliziyo ibethe kakuhle. Sithumela umyalezo wombane ukuze kuqalise ukubetha kwentliziyo. |
| Atrioventricular node (AV node) | Isignali yombane iyalibaziseka okomzuzwana, nto leyo enika amagumbi aphezulu (i-atria) ixesha lokuba angabi nanto ngokupheleleyo. |
| Iphakheji Yakhe | Isignali evela kwi-AV node yahlulwe ngamasebe amabini kwaye ithwalwa iye kwiigumbi ezisezantsi (iiseli). |
| Iifayibha zePurkinje | Isignali yombane isasazeka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu eludongeni lwamagumbi angaphantsi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba anciphe. |
Ilawulwa njani le nkqubo?
Isantya sentliziyo yakho asisoloko sifana, akunjalo? Asisosantya esifanayo osifumanayo xa ubaleka emva kwebhasi, kodwa sisantya esifanayo osifumanayo xa ufunda incwadi. Esi santya silawulwa yinxalenye yomzimba wakho ebizwa ngokuba yi -Autonomic Nervous System yakho. Yile nto ixelela i-SA node ukuba "isebenze ngokukhawuleza" okanye "isebenze kancinci."
- Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo enovelwano: Yile nto ilawula impendulo 'yokulwa okanye yokubaleka'. Le nkqubo isebenza xa uziva usoyika, ngexesha likaxakeka, okanye ngexesha lokuzilolonga, kwaye ikhawulezisa isantya sentliziyo yakho.
- Inkqubo ye-parasympathetic nervous: Oku kulawula impendulo 'yokuphumla nokugaya'. Xa ulele kwaye uphumle, le nkqubo iyasebenza kwaye igcina isantya sentliziyo yakho siphantsi.
Zeziphi izifo ezinokubakho kule nkqubo yombane?
Ngamanye amaxesha, kunokubakho iimpazamo ezithile kwinkqubo yombane yentliziyo. Emva koko, kuvela iingxaki ngesingqisho sentliziyo. Sidla ngokuzibiza ngokuba ziingxaki zesingqisho sentliziyo.
| Imeko yezonyango | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| I-Arrhythmia | Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungahambelaniyo. Kunokuba ngokukhawuleza, kancinci, okanye ngokungahambelaniyo. Umzekelo ngu (Atrial Fibrillation - Afib). |
| Ibhloko yeSebe leBundle | Ukuphazamiseka kwendlela yesignali kwicala elinye (ekunene okanye ekhohlo) leentambo eziphambili eziphethe isignali yombane. |
| Ibloko lentliziyo | Ukudluliselwa kwemiqondiso yombane phakathi kwamagumbi aphezulu (i-atria) kunye namagumbi asezantsi (iivalvu ze-mitral) zentliziyo kuyaphazamiseka okanye kuyeke ngokupheleleyo. |
| I-Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) | Amagumbi asezantsi entliziyo ayafinyela aze athathe ixesha elide kunesiqhelo ukuze alulame. Oku kunokubangela ukuquleka (i-syncope) okanye ukumisa intliziyo ngequbuliso. |
| Ukuncitshiswa kwe-Ventricular kwangaphambi kwexesha | Ukubetha okongezelelweyo, kwangaphambi kwexesha okuvela kumagumbi asezantsi entliziyo. Kusenokuvakala ngathi isifuba 'siyabetha' okanye ngathi kukubetha okutsityiweyo. |
| Ukubanjwa kwe-cardiac | Esi sisiphene esibi kakhulu kwinkqubo yombane yentliziyo. Oku kubangela ukuba intliziyo iyeke ukubetha ngequbuliso. Le yimeko engxamisekileyo kakhulu kwaye inokukhokelela ekufeni ukuba ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza. |
Iimpawu ezinokukunceda wazi ukuba unale ngxaki
Ukuba kukho ingxaki kwinkqubo yombane yentliziyo yakho, unokufumana ezinye zezi mpawu zilandelayo:
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla
- Iintlungu zesifuba
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo (ukuziva ngathi isifuba sakho sibetha ngokukhawuleza)
- Isiyezi
- Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo okanye ukuquleka
- Ndiziva ndidiniwe ngokungaqhelekanga
Okubaluleke kakhulu: Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, musa ukuzityeshela. Bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko. Ukuba iimpawu zinzima, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo lesibhedlele esikufutshane (ETU) ngoko nangoko.
Ugqirha angajonga isingqisho sentliziyo yakho nge- ECG (electrocardiogram) . Ungacelwa ukuba unxibe isixhobo esincinci (i-heart monitor) ukuze ujonge isingqisho sentliziyo yakho kangangeentsuku okanye iiveki ezimbalwa. Kukho unyango lwezi ngxaki, ezinje ngamayeza kunye nokufakelwa kwesixhobo esifana ne -pacemaker .
Ungayigcina njani inkqubo yombane yentliziyo isempilweni?
Ezinye iingxaki zesingqisho sentliziyo zinokubangelwa zizinto ezibangela ufuzo. Asinakukwazi ukuzitshintsha. Nangona kunjalo, ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo kunokunceda kakhulu ekugcineni intliziyo yakho isempilweni.
- Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni: Zama ukugcina ubunzima bomzimba obusempilweni obufanele ubude bakho.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya: Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka ngoko nangoko. Ukuba phakathi kwabantu abatshayayo (umsi otshayayo) nako kuyingozi.
- Sela amayeza akho ngokuchanekileyo: Sela amayeza owanikwe ngugqirha wakho kwezinye iimeko zonyango, ezinje ngesifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
- Nciphisa utywala kunye ne-caffeine: Nciphisa utywala kunye neziselo ezine-caffeine ezifana nekofu.
- Yitya ukutya okunesondlo: Yitya ukutya okunesondlo, okufana nemifuno, iziqhamo, iimbotyi, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo.
- Ukuzilolonga: Zilolonge umzimba ngamandla ubuncinane imizuzu eli-150 ngeveki.
- Lawula uxinzelelo: Nciphisa uxinzelelo ngezinto ezifana nokucamngca, i-yoga, kunye nokuthetha nomhlobo othembekileyo.
Sidla ngokuqaphela inkqubo yombane yentliziyo kuphela xa kukho into engahambi kakuhle kuyo. Kodwa le nkqubo ingabonakaliyo yiyo enika intliziyo amandla kunye nesingqisho esifunekayo ukuze isigcine siphila. Ke ngoko, ukuqaphela oku, ukunikel’ ingqalelo kwiimpawu ezingasentla, kunye nokwamkela indlela yokuphila enempilo zezona luncedo lungako onokulwenzela intliziyo yakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo yakho kulawulwa yinkqubo yombane ekhethekileyo (iCardiac Conduction System) ngaphakathi entliziyweni.
- Le nkqubo ine-'natural pacemaker' (i-SA node) kunye nenkqubo 'yeentambo' ezithwala imiqondiso.
- Xa kuvela iziphene kule nkqubo yombane, ukungalingani kwesantya sentliziyo (arrhythmias) kunokwenzeka.
- Musa ukuzityeshela iimpawu ezinje ngokuqina kwesifuba, isiyezi, okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla. Bonana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Ngokulandela indlela yokuphila esempilweni, ungagcina yonke inkqubo yakho yentliziyo, kuquka nenkqubo yombane yentliziyo yakho, isempilweni.
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