Izintso zakho zifana nezihluzo ezimbini ezinkulu emzimbeni wethu. Umsebenzi ophambili wezintso kukucoca inkunkuma engeyomfuneko, enetyhefu kunye nolwelo olugqithisileyo egazini. Kodwa xa ezi zintso zingasebenzi kakuhle ngenxa yeemeko ezithile zempilo, inkunkuma inokuqokelelwa emzimbeni kwaye ibangele iingxaki ezinkulu. Kulapho unyango olusindisa ubomi olubizwa ngokuba yi-hemodialysis lusinceda khona.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-hemodialysis?
I-Hemodialysis luhlobo lonyango lwe-dialysis. Xa izintso zakho zingakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wazo, kusetyenziswa umatshini ukucoca igazi lakho endaweni yoko. Ngamafutshane, isebenza njengezintso zokwenziwa.
Kule nkqubo, umatshini uthatha igazi elithile emzimbeni wakho, ulidlulise kwisihluzo esikhethekileyo (intso yokwenziwa) ukuze licoceke, uze ubuyisele igazi elicocekileyo emzimbeni wakho. Oku kususa izinto ezifana nenkunkuma ene-nitrogen (urea), inkunkuma evela kwimisipha (creatinine), kunye nee-asidi eziqokelelana egazini.
Lo matshini ucoca njani igazi?
Khawucinge nje, obu bubuchwepheshe obumangalisayo kakhulu. Inxalenye ephambili yomatshini we-hemodialysis yi -dialyzer . Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-"artificial kidney".
Igazi lakho lidlula kumawaka eetyhubhu ezintle kakhulu ezifana ne-mesh ngaphakathi kwesi dialyzer. Emva koko, imveliso yenkunkuma kunye namanzi angaphezulu egazini ayavuza ngale mesh incinci aye kwicala elahlukileyo. Ulwelo olukhethekileyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-dialysate lusetyenziselwa ukuqokelela le mveliso yenkunkuma. Olu lwelo luqulathe amanzi, iityuwa kunye nee-electrolytes.
Igazi lakho, elicociweyo laza lasuswa kwinkunkuma, libuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho ngetyhubhu. Ulwelo lwe-dialysate, oluqokelele inkunkuma, lususwa ngumatshini.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zonyango lwe-hemodialysis?
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokwenza unyango lwe-hemodialysis. Ungaxoxa nogqirha wakho ukuba yeyiphi indlela efanelekileyo kuwe.
| Indlela yonyango | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| I-hemodialysis esembindini | Ukuze wenze oku, kuya kufuneka uye esibhedlele okanye kwiziko eligxile kwi-hemodialysis. Unyango lwenziwa ngumongikazi okanye ingcali eqeqeshiweyo. Ngokwesiqhelo kuya kufuneka uye malunga nezihlandlo ezithathu ngeveki, kwaye iseshoni nganye iya kuthatha malunga neeyure ezi-3-4. |
| Ekhaya (i-hemodialysis yasekhaya) | Olu nyango lungenziwa ekhaya. Kwiiveki ezimbalwa, oogqirha kunye nabongikazi baza kukufundisa indlela yokwenza kunye nendlela yokujongana nazo naziphi na iingxaki ezincinci ezinokuvela. Emva koko, ungalwenza ngokwakho unyango ngendlela othanda ngayo. |
Ngaba kukho iintlobo ze-home hemodialysis?
Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zonyango lwasekhaya.
1. Ukucoca i-hemodialysis yasekhaya: Kathathu ngeveki, iiyure ezi-3-4 ngalo lonke ixesha.
2. I-hemodialysis yasekhaya emfutshane imihla ngemihla: Itekhnoloji entsha ivumela amaxesha onyango amafutshane. Yenziwa malunga neentsuku ezi-5-7 ngeveki, kwaye ithatha malunga neeyure ezimbini ngeseshoni nganye.
3. Ukucoca igazi ekhaya ebusuku: Oku kwenziwa ebusuku xa ulele. Unyango lwenziwa iiyure ezi-6-8 ngexesha, malunga neentsuku ezi-4-6 ngeveki. Le ndlela ivumela igazi ukuba licocwe ixesha elide, ngoko ke kususwa inkunkuma eninzi emzimbeni.
Ulungiselela njani ngaphambi konyango?
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale i-hemodialysis, kufuneka ulungiselele iiveki okanye iinyanga ezimbalwa kwangaphambili. Eyona nto iphambili kukufumana indlela yokukhupha igazi ngokulula nangokukhawuleza kwaye ulibuyisele emzimbeni ngexesha lonyango. Oku kubandakanya utyando oluncinci.
- I-Arteriovenous fistula (AV fistula): Kule nkqubo, ugqirha wotyando udibanisa umthambo kunye nomthambo engalweni yakho. Le yeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo nehlala ixesha elide.
- I-Arteriovenous graft (AV graft): Ukuba umthambo wakho kunye nomthambo wakho zimfutshane kakhulu ukuba zingadityaniswa, ugqirha uza kuzidibanisa zombini esebenzisa umbhobho othambileyo nongenamngxuma (graft).
Ukuba unyango lufuna ukuqaliswa ngokukhawuleza, ngamanye amaxesha umbhobho othambileyo obizwa ngokuba yi-catheter unokufakwa okwethutyana kumthambo omkhulu entanyeni, esifubeni, okanye ethangeni.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Indawo yakho ye-fistula okanye i-graft kufuneka iphathwe njengeliso. Kulapho unyango lwakho olusindisa ubomi lunikezelwa khona. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukukhusela loo ndawo kwizifo kunye nokwenzakala.
Ukuze ukhusele i-fistula/i-graft yakho, khumbula ezi zinto:
- Musa ukulala ubunzima bakho bubekwe ecaleni kwengalo apho kukho i-fistula.
- Musa ukunxiba impahla okanye izacholo (imisesane, iiwotshi) eziza kubanjwa kweso sandla.
- Musa ukunxiba ibhegi ebhantini phezu kwengalo leyo.
- Ungaze uhlolwe uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi (BP) okanye utsalwe igazi engalweni ene-fistula.
Ngaba kufuneka ulumke kakhulu ngokutya nokusela?
Ewe ngokwenene. Ukutya okutyayo kuchaphazela ngqo impumelelo yonyango lwe-hemodialysis. Ezinye ukutya zinokunyusa ubungakanani benkunkuma egazini, zibangele ukugcinwa kwamanzi, zinyuse i-BP, kwaye zinyuse izinga lokubetha kwentliziyo.
Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise unyango, ingcali yokutya kwezintso iza kudala isicwangciso sokutya esifanelekileyo kuwe. Kuya kufuneka unciphise ukutya okuqulethe oku kulandelayo:
| Izondlo ekufuneka zincitshiswe | Iingozi kunye nemizekelo yokugqithisa iziyobisi |
|---|---|
| I-Potassium | Isantya sentliziyo singakhawuleza ngendlela eyingozi. Umzekelo: ibhanana, iavokhado, iorenji, iziqhamo ezomisiweyo, iitumato. |
| I-phosphorus | Amathambo asenokuba buthathaka kwaye ulusu lunokuba lurhawuzelele. Umzekelo: ubisi kunye neemveliso zobisi, itshizi, inkukhu, intlanzi ekhenkcezisiweyo, iisoseji, iilentile, amantongomane. |
| Isodiyam - ityuwa | Umzimba udinga ulwelo olungaphezulu (ukoma okwandileyo), ukuze kubekho ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwaye i-BP inyuke. Umzekelo: ityuwa, iisosi ezongezwe ekutyeni, ukutya okukhawulezayo, ukutya okusemathinini, ukutya okulula okunetyuwa. |
Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye neengxaki zonyango?
Njengakwezinye iindlela zonyango, kukho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye neengxaki nge-hemodialysis. Kodwa akukho mfuneko yokukhathazeka ngale nto, njengoko iqela lakho lezonyango liza kuhlala likujongile ngale nto.
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo ezinokubakho:
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi (iHypotension)
- Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
- Ukudinwa kunye nokuquleka (iSyncope)
- Intlungu yesifuba okanye yomqolo
- Intloko ebuhlungu
- Ukurhawuzelela (Pruritus)
- Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha
- I-Ressless Legs Syndrome (ukuziva ungenakuphumla emilenzeni)
Ukuba usoloko ufumana ezi mpawu, thetha nogqirha wakho okanye umongikazi. Zinokulawulwa ngokutshintsha isantya sonyango okanye ukusebenzisa amayeza athile.
Iingxaki ezinokubakho ezinxulumene ne-fistula/graft:
- Usulelo (ubomvu, ukudumba, iintlungu, umkhuhlane)
- Amahlwili egazi
- Ukuvaleka ngenxa yezicubu ezibomvu
Ukuba ubona into efana nale, kufuneka ufune ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.
Ungaphila ixesha elingakanani nge-hemodialysis?
Le yingxaki kubantu abaninzi. Umyinge wobomi bomntu ofumana unyango lwe-hemodialysis umalunga neminyaka emi-5-10. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuyahluka kumntu ngamnye. Kukho abantu abaphila iminyaka engama-20-30 nangaphezulu betya ukutya okunempilo, iingcebiso zonyango, kunye nobomi obusemgangathweni. Ke ngoko, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuhlala uqinile kwaye uqhubeke nonyango ngokufanelekileyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Hemodialysis ayiyonto yokoyika. Lunyango olusebenza kwizintso zakho kwaye lusindisa ubomi bakho.
- Landela imiyalelo oyinikwe ngugqirha wakho kunye nengcali yesondlo ngokuchanekileyo. Ukulawula ukutya kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Yinyamekele kakuhle i-fistula okanye i-graft yakho. Ifana nesango lokungena ebomini bakho. Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho (intlungu, ukudumba, ukubomvu), xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Ukuba uziva uxhalabile okanye ukhathazekile, thetha nosapho lwakho kunye nogqirha wakho ngale nto ngokukhululekileyo. Awuwedwa kolu hambo.
- Kuqhelekile ukuziva udiniwe ngenxa yonyango, kodwa ukuba luyaqhubeka, yazisa iqela lakho lezonyango.
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