Ngaba uziva udiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha? Ngaba umhlophe kwaye unebala elimthubi? Okanye kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesifo segazi esizuzwe njengelifa? Ngamaxesha anje, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba wenze uvavanyo lwegazi olukhethekileyo. Olunye uvavanyo lwegazi olubaluleke kakhulu, olukhethekileyo esithetha ngalo namhlanje lubizwa ngokuba yiHemoglobin Electrophoresis. Nangona eli gama lisenokuvakala liyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, into eliyenzayo ilula kakhulu. Masibone ukuba yintoni, kutheni yenziwa, kwaye yintoni esinokuyifunda kuyo.
Yintoni iHemoglobin Electrophoresis?
Ngamafutshane, iHemoglobin Electrophoresis luvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwelabhoratri olujonga iintlobo zehemoglobin kwiiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi, kunye nokuba zingakanani na iintlobo zazo.
Kulungile, ngoku ubuza, "Yintoni le hemoglobin?" Khawuthelekelele ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi emzimbeni wakho zifana neelori ezincinci zokuhambisa. Emva koko ihemoglobin 'yindoda yokuhambisa' ehleli ngaphakathi kwelori, ithatha iipakethi zeoksijini emiphungeni ize izisasaze kuzo zonke ezinye iiseli emzimbeni . Kuphela xa le 'ndoda yokuhambisa' isebenza kakuhle apho sinokufumana ioksijini eyaneleyo kuwo onke amalungu omzimba wethu.
Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, ngenxa yezizathu zemfuza, le protein ebizwa ngokuba yi-hemoglobin itshintsha okanye iphazamiseke. Emva koko lo 'mntu ozalisa' uqala ukuziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ngenxa yale hemoglobin inesiphako, imilo yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi inokutshintsha, zinokonakala ngokukhawuleza, kwaye umzimba usenokungafumani umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo weoksijini. Senza olu vavanyo lwe-Hemoglobin Electrophoresis ukuze sifumanise ukuba kukho na iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-hemoglobin ezinesiphako.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi koku novavanyo lwe-hemoglobin oluqhelekileyo?
Le yinto edida abantu abaninzi. Ukuba ujonge ingxelo ye-FBC (Full Blood Count), kukho nexabiso elibizwa ngokuba yiHemoglobin (Hb).
- Uvavanyo lwe-hemoglobin oluqhelekileyo (olufumaneka kwi-FBC): Olu vavanyo lulinganisa kuphela isixa siphela se-hemoglobin egazini lakho. Kufana, kumzekelo wethu, ukujonga ukuba bangaphi 'amadoda okubelekisa' onawo emzimbeni wakho.
- Uvavanyo lweHemoglobin Electrophoresis: Olu luvavanyo olunzulu ngakumbi. Lujonga iintlobo zehemoglobin egazini lakho kunye nobungakanani bohlobo ngalunye . Kufana nokungajongi nje kuphela ukuba bangaphi 'amadoda ahambisayo', kodwa nokujonga ukuba ngaba kukho "abalungileyo", "abahlukileyo kancinci", kunye "nabaneengxaki" , kwaye ukuba kunjalo, bangaphi.
Olu vavanyo lubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni izifo zegazi ezizuzwe njenge-sickle cell anemia kunye ne-thalassemia.
Makhe sithethe ngeentlobo eziphambili ze-hemoglobin.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-hemoglobin ezijongwa kakhulu lolu vavanyo. Jonga itheyibhile engezantsi ukuze ufumane ukuqonda okulula kwezi.
| Uhlobo lweHemoglobin | Ngamafutshane, yintoni le... |
|---|---|
| IHemoglobin A (HgbA) | Olu lolona hlobo "luqhelekileyo" lwe-hemoglobin egazini lomntu omdala osempilweni. Lungaphezulu kwe-95% ye-hemoglobin iyonke kumntu omdala osempilweni. |
| IHemoglobin F (HgbF) | Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi- "fetal hemoglobin." Njengoko igama lisitsho, olu lolona hlobo luphambili lwe-hemoglobin kwiimveku nakwiintsana ezisandul' ukuzalwa. Njengoko umntwana ekhula, ubungakanani be-HgbF buyancipha kwaye ubungakanani be-HgbA buyanda. Inqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu loku kumntu omdala linokuba luphawu lweemeko ezithile zonyango. |
| IHemoglobin S (HgbS) | Olu luhlobo lwe-hemoglobin enesiphene ebangela i-sickle cell anemia . Xa oku kusenzeka, iiseli zegazi ezibomvu, endaweni yesimo sazo esijikelezileyo, ziba sesimweni se-sickle kwaye zinokubanjwa kwimithambo yegazi. |
| IHemoglobin C (HgbC) | Olu lolunye uhlobo lwe-hemoglobin engasebenzi kakuhle. Oku kunokubangela ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziqhekeke ngaphambi kwexesha, nto leyo ekhokelela kwi-anemia (ukungabikho kwegazi egazini). |
Utsalwa njani igazi kolu vavanyo? Ngaba yinto omele uyoyike?
Akunjalo konke konke. Oku kufana novavanyo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo. Indlela yokuthatha igazi inokwahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka kunye nesidingo.
| Indlela yokuqokelela igazi | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ukutsalwa kwegazi kwimithambo yegazi | Le yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo esetyenziswa kubantu abadala nabantwana abadala. Inaliti encinci ifakwa emthanjeni okwindawo egobileyo yengqiniba yakho kwaye kutsalwa igazi elincinci. Usenokuziva ulunywa kancinci, njengokulunywa imbovane, kodwa luhlala imizuzwana embalwa kuphela. |
| Intonga yomnwe | Le ndlela isetyenziswa kubantwana abancinci okanye xa kufuneka amathontsi ambalwa egazi. Amathontsi ambalwa egazi aqokelelwa ngokuhlaba incam yomnwe ngenaliti encinci. |
| Intonga yesithende | Oku kwenziwa kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa . Kwiiyure ezingama-48 emva kokuzalwa komntwana, kufakwa inaliti encinci esithendeni sakhe kwaye kuqokelelwa amaconsi ambalwa egazi kwikhadi elikhethekileyo. Le yinxalenye yothotho lweemvavanyo "zovavanyo losana olusandul’ ukuzalwa" ezenziwa phantse kuzo zonke iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa eSri Lanka. Oku kunokufumanisa iimeko ezinzulu, kodwa ezinokunyangeka njengeSickle Cell Anemia ukuba zifunyenwe kwangethuba. Musa ukukhathazeka ngokulimaza umntwana, oku kungenziwa ngelixa umama esabambe umntwana. |
Kwenzeka ntoni kule sampulu yegazi elebhu?
Xa isampuli yegazi lakho isiya kwilebhu, iingcali apho zilandela inkqubo ekhethekileyo.
Khawuthelekelele ukuba uhlobo ngalunye lwe-hemoglobin lufana nabantu abanobunzima obahlukeneyo kwaye banokubaleka ngesantya esahlukileyo.
1. Okokuqala, i-hemoglobin yahlulwe kwiiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi.
2. Lo mxube we-hemoglobin emva koko ubekwa kwijeli ekhethekileyo okanye kwistrip yephepha.
3. Ngoku umbane unikwa oku.
4. Xa kusetyenziswa umbane, uhlobo ngalunye lwe-hemoglobin luhamba phambili kule gel ngesantya esahlukileyo , kuxhomekeke kubunzima bayo kunye nombane otshajayo.Njengakwimbaleki yokubaleka, abakhawulezayo baya phambili baze abo bacothayo bashiywe ngasemva.
5. Emva kwexesha elithile, ezi ntlobo ze-hemoglobin zibonakala njengeebhanti ezinemibala eyahlukileyo .
6. Okokugqibela, abasebenzi belebhu bathelekisa ipateni yebhendi yakho nepateni eqhelekileyo yomntu ophilileyo. Oku kubavumela ukuba babone ngqo ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ze-hemoglobin ezisegazini lakho, nokuba ubungakanani buqhelekile okanye abuqhelekanga.
Ithetha ukuthini ingxelo yam?
Uza kufumana ingxelo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kovavanyo. Iza kudwelisa iipesenti kunye namaxabiso ohlobo ngalunye lwe-hemoglobin. Umzekelo, ukuba ibonisa ubukho be-HgbS okanye i-HgbC, inokuba luphawu lweSickle Cell Disease okanye imeko efanayo. Ukuba inqanaba le-HgbF liphezulu kumntu omdala, inokuba luphawu lwemeko efana neThalassemia.
Kodwa khumbula into enye ebaluleke kakhulu. Musa ukuzenzela izigqibo zakho ngokusekelwe kumanani noonobumba abakule ngxelo, okanye wenze uxilongo olusekelwe kwi-intanethi. Oku kunokubangela uloyiko olungeyomfuneko engqondweni yakho.
Ngugqirha wakho kuphela onokuchaza intsingiselo echanekileyo yale ngxelo, ngokunxulumene neempawu zakho kunye nezinye iimvavanyo. Ngoko ke, wakufumana nje ingxelo, dibana nogqirha oyi-odoleyo nize nithethe ngayo.
Kuqhelekile ukuba abazali bazive besoyika kwaye bekhathazekile ukuba ingxelo yomntwana wakho ibonisa into engaqhelekanga. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Oku kuthetha ukuba unethuba lokuqala unyango kunye nokunyamekela umntwana wakho kwangethuba. Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika lonke icebiso olifunayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Hemoglobin Electrophoresis luvavanyo olukhethekileyo olungalinganisi nje kuphela ubungakanani be -hemoglobin egazini, kodwa kunye neentlobo zayo.
- Oku kunceda kakhulu ekufumaneni izifo zegazi ezizuzwa njenge-sickle cell anemia kunye ne-thalassemia.
- Ukutsalwa kwegazi lakho kolu vavanyo kulula kakhulu kwaye kukhuselekile. Akukho sizathu sokoyika.
- Okona kubaluleke kakhulu: Musa ukuzama ukuqonda ingxelo ngokwakho. Soloko uyibonisa ugqirha wakho kwaye umcele iinkcukacha.
- Ingxelo engaqhelekanga ayisosiphelo sehlabathi. Linyathelo lokuqala nje kwindlela eya ekuxilongweni ngokuchanekileyo kunye nonyango olufunekayo.
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