Ngaba ukhe wamxelela umntwana wakho ngeGlioma ekumgangatho ophezulu? Masithethe ngayo.

Kunzima ukuchaza ngamazwi ukuba kunjani njengomzali ukuva ukuba umntwana wakho unomhlaza wobuchopho. Zininzi imibuzo efika engqondweni ngexesha elinje. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngeGlioma yebanga eliphezulu, uhlobo olunzima nolusasazeka ngokukhawuleza lwethumba lobuchopho. Siyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luya kukunika ukuqonda kunye namandla ngeli hambo linzima.

Yintoni iGlioma ekumgangatho ophezulu? Masiyiqonde ngokulula.

Ngamafutshane, i-glioma ekumgangatho ophezulu luhlobo lomhlaza olukhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu engqondweni yomntwana wakho okanye emgogodleni. Igama elithi "Glioma" lithetha ithumba. La mathumba akheka xa uhlobo lweseli olubizwa ngokuba yi "glial cells" luqala ukwahlukana nokukhula ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kolawulo. La maseli e-glial luhlobo lweseli oluxhasa kwaye londla ii-neurons, okanye ii-nerve, kwinkqubo yethu ye-nervous system.

"I-high-grade" ithetha ukuba olu hlobo lwe-glioma lukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye lunobundlongondlongo . Enyanisweni, ii-gliomas zezinga eliphezulu zisenokunganyangeki ngokupheleleyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba kunzima ukuzinyanga. Oku kungenxa yokuba ezi seli zomhlaza zisasazeka ngokukhawuleza ziye engqondweni okanye emgogodleni. Zikhula ngokuhlasela nangokudibana neeseli eziphilileyo. Khawuthelekelele ukuba kunzima kangakanani ukususa umhlaza ngaphandle kokulimaza izicubu eziphilileyo xa iiseli eziphilileyo kunye neeseli zomhlaza zidibene. Yiyo loo nto ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukuzisusa ngokupheleleyo ngotyando.

Yintoni "ibanga" lee-gliomas ezikumgangatho ophezulu?

I-World Health Organisation (WHO) ihlela ii-gliomas ngokwezinga lokukhula kwazo kunye nobunzima bazo. Ngoko ke, kukho iintlobo ezimbini: "ezikumgangatho ophantsi" (ezingenzima kangako, amabanga 1 kunye nawa-2) kunye "nezinga eliphezulu" (ezinzima ngakumbi, amabanga 3 kunye nawa-4). Ii-gliomas ezikumgangatho ophezulu zii-tumor ezikhula ngokukhawuleza ezikwibanga lesi-3 okanye lesi-4.

Ezinye ii-gliomas kubantu abadala zinokuqala zisesikolweni esiphantsi zize kamva zibe sesikolweni esiphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngokumangalisayo, ii-gliomas zesikolo esiphezulu ebantwaneni zihlala ziqala zisesikolweni esiphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ii-gliomas zesikolo esiphantsi ebantwaneni zinokunyangeka kakhulu kwaye azifane zibe sesikolweni esiphezulu.

Ziphi apho ii-gliomas zezinga eliphezulu zixhaphake khona engqondweni?

Ii-gliomas zezinga eliphezulu zihlala zikhula "kwicandelo elingaphezulu" lobuchopho, okanye kwisiseko sobuchopho.

• I-Supratentorial compartment: Le yindawo yengqondo equlethe i-cerebrum, i-thalamus, kunye ne-hypothalamus. Ezi tumors zinokuvela kwiiseli ze-glial ezilapha.
• Isiseko sengqondo:Ezi gliomas zikumgangatho ophezulu zinokukhula nakwinxalenye yobuchopho ebizwa ngokuba yi-"pons". Oku kubizwa ngokuba luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-"Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas" (DIPG). Olu hlobo lwe-DIPG lunamandla kakhulu kwaye kunzima ukulunyanga.

Indawo ekuyo ithumba ibaluleke kakhulu, kuba iya kugqiba iindlela zonyango ezifumanekayo kumntwana wakho. Umzekelo, iithumba ezikwi-brainstem azikwazi ukususwa ngokukhuselekileyo ngotyando.

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu yile meko?

I-glioma yezinga eliphezulu inokwenzeka kwiintsana, abantwana abadala, abantu abadala, kwanabantu abadala. Nangona kunjalo, i-glioma yezinga eliphezulu kwiintsana nabantwana abancinci yahlukile kwi-glioma yezinga eliphezulu kubantu abaselula nakubantu abadala. Ngenxa yale mahluko, unyango lweentsana nabantwana abancinci lunokwahluka.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-glioma yezinga eliphezulu?

Ii-gliomas zezinga eliphezulu zezona zixhaphakileyo zesifo somhlaza wobuchopho ebantwaneni. Ziphakathi kwe-10% kunye ne-20% yazo zonke iithumba ezichaphazela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ebantwaneni.

Zithini iimpawu ze-glioma ephezulu?

Iimpawu zingahluka kumntwana ngamnye. Zixhomekeke ekubeni leliphi icala lobuchopho (okanye umqolo) elichaphazelekileyo yithumba, ubudala bomntwana, kunye nokuba ithumba likhula ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Ezi mpawu zibangelwa ikakhulu yithumba elibeka uxinzelelo engqondweni kwaye libangele ukudumba.

Uphawu oluqhelekileyo yintloko ebuhlungu. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi ukuba intloko ebuhlungu ihamba nesicaphucaphu okanye ukuhlanza. Le ntloko ibuhlungu kakhulu kusasa. Ngamanye amaxesha, inokuba buhlungu kakhulu kangangokuba ikuvuse ebusuku. Khawuthelekelele umntwana omncinci enengxaki enjalo.

Ezinye iimpawu ezinokubonwa ziquka:

• Ubunzima bokubona, ukuva, okanye ukuthetha (ukubona okufipheleyo, ukuva okungevayo, intetho engaqondakaliyo).
• Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi okanye ubuthathaka bemisipha (ataxia), njengobunzima bokuhamba okanye ukubamba izinto.
• Ukudideka okanye ukulahleka kwenkumbulo.
• Ukozela rhoqo, ukuziva udiniwe.
• Ukuxhuzula (njengokuxhuzula) .

Iintsana ezincinci kakhulu (iintsana) zinokubona ukukhala okungaqhelekanga, ukucaphuka, utshintsho kwiindlela zokutya (njengokungaseli ubisi). Ngamanye amaxesha zinokubona iintloko zazo zikhula kancinci, kwaye amabala athambileyo (iifontanelles) okanye "iingxangxasi" phezulu kweentloko zazo zisenokubonakala ngakumbi.

Kutheni ezi gliomas ziphezulu zikhula? Zithini izizathu?

Inyaniso kukuba, abaphandi abakayazi isizathu esichanekileyo soku.Kwabantu abadala, unyango lwemitha lwangaphambili lufunyenwe luyimbangela yokukhula kwezi thumba. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba nabantwana banokuchaphazeleka zizinto ezifanayo ezinobungozi bangaphandle okanye okusingqongileyo, kodwa uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka.

Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izifo zemfuza ezingaqhelekanga kakhulu ezizuzwe njengelifa zinokunyusa umngcipheko we-glioma ephezulu ebantwaneni. Imeko yemfuza sisiphene okanye ukungaqhelekanga kwiimfuza, eziyi-"code" exelela iiseli indlela yokusebenza.

Nazi ezinye zeemeko ezinjalo:

• Uhlobo lwe-Neurofibromatosis-1 (`Uhlobo lwe-Neurofibromatosis-1 - NF1`)
• Isifo seTurcot
• Isifo seLi-Fraumeni

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba abantwana abaninzi abane-glioma ekumgangatho ophezulu abanayo imbali yosapho lwabo yesi sifo.

Ifunyanwa njani i-glioma ekumgangatho ophezulu?

Ugqirha womntwana wakho uza kuqala ajonge ngononophelo iimpawu zomntwana wakho kunye nembali yakhe yezonyango. Emva koko, kunokwenziwa i-brain scan, okanye i-'imaging', ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho ithumba na kwaye libangela iimpawu. Ukuba kukho ithumba, kuya kwenziwa i-'biopsy' ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba ingaba linesifo somhlaza (esiyingozi) okanye esingenabungozi (esingenabungozi).

• Ukufota: Iskeni ye-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) kunye ne-CT scan (Computed Tomography scan) zinokunceda oogqirha babone iithumba engqondweni yomntwana wakho okanye emgogodleni. I-MRI, ingakumbi i-MRI ephuculweyo, inokuvelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo neneenkcukacha ezingaphezulu kune-CT scan. I-MRI isebenzisa iimagnethi kunye namaza erediyo ukwenza imifanekiso yezinto ezingaphakathi emzimbeni kwiscreen sekhompyutha. Kwi-MRI eyahlukileyo, idayi engenabungozi ifakwa engalweni yomntwana wakho. Oku kwenza iindawo ezineethumba zibonakale ngakumbi kwiscreen.

• I-Biopsy: Inkqubo ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-"stereotactic biopsy" ingakhomba indawo echanekileyo yethumba kwaye ithathe iqhekeza elincinci lethishu apho ize ilithumele kwilebhu. Emva koko, ingcali ebizwa ngokuba yi-"pathologist" ihlola iiseli ukuze ibone ukuba ziiseli ze-glioma ezikumgangatho ophezulu na. Ezi mvavanyo zinokuchonga iimpawu ezithile zeeseli zomhlaza. Ezi mpawu ngamanye amaxesha zisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa unyango. Umzekelo, ezinye iindlela zonyango ezintsha zomhlaza zenzelwe ukusebenza kuphela kwiintlobo ezithile zeeseli zomhlaza. Ke ngoko, ezi mvavanyo zinokunceda ekuchongeni ukuba umntwana wakho ufanelekile na kolo nyango.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba kunokwenzeka, oogqirha bayalisusa lonke ithumba endaweni yokuthatha nje iqhekeza elincinci ukuze lihlolwe.Emva koko, kunye nokuxilongwa, unyango (utyando) luyenzeka.

Nangona kunjalo, i-biopsy isenokungabi yinto enokwenzeka rhoqo kwii-gliomas ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni ithumba likuphi (umzekelo, kwi-brainstem), ukuthatha isiqwenga sesicwili kunokonakalisa iindawo ezibalulekileyo zobuchopho. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, oogqirha baxhomekeke kwiimvavanyo zokwenza imifanekiso ukuze benze uxilongo.

Ngaba i-glioma ekumgangatho ophezulu inganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Lo ngumbuzo omkhulu engqondweni yomntu wonke. Kunzima ukunika impendulo ethe ngqo. Zininzi izinto ezichaphazela oku, njengobudala bomntwana, ukuba loluphi utshintsho lwemfuza olukhoyo kwiiseli zomhlaza, kunye nokuba ingakanani ithumba elisusiweyo ngexesha lotyando.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-glioma ephezulu?

Iinjongo eziphambili zonyango kukususa ithumba, ukumisa okanye ukulawula ukukhula kwethumba, kunye nokubonelela umntwana ngokunciphisa iimpawu.

Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwethumba, indawo elikuyo, kunye nezinye izinto, iingcali ezininzi zinokubandakanyeka ekunyamekeleni umntwana wakho. Iqela linokuquka ugqirha wezifo zengqondo, ingcali yezifo zengqondo, ingcali yezifo zengqondo, ingcali yezifo zengqondo, umongikazi oqeqeshiweyo, kunye nomsebenzi wentlalontle.

Enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi zilandelayo zingasetyenziswa njengonyango:

• Utyando: Utyando lolona nyango luphambili lwe-gliomas ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezinokususwa ngokukhuselekileyo. Apha, ugqirha uzama ukususa uninzi lwethumba kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokonakalisa izicubu eziphilileyo ezijikelezileyo.
• Unyango ngemitha: Unyango ngemitha yefocal lunyango oluqhelekileyo lwabantwana abaneminyaka engaphezu kwemi-3 ubudala. Abantwana abancinci kakhulu abadli ngokunikwa unyango ngemitha kuba lunokuchaphazela uphuhliso lwengqondo yabo. Olu nyango lubandakanya umatshini osebenzisa i-X-rays ephezulu ukujolisa kwithumba, uqaphela ukuba ungonakalisi izicubu eziphilileyo ezijikelezileyo. Unyango ngemitha yefocal lunciphisa iithumba, lubulale iiseli zomhlaza, kwaye lunciphisa iimpawu.
• Unyango lweKhemozola: Ngenxa yokuba abantwana abancinci kakhulu bengenakukwazi ukufumana unyango lwemitha, ikhemozola isetyenziselwa ukulawula ukukhula kwethumba. Unyango lweKhemozola lusebenzisa amayeza okubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, kusekho ingxoxo malunga nokuba ikhemozola isebenza kangakanani kwi-gliomas ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Nangona amanye amayeza ekhemozola, anjenge-temozolomide, esebenza kakuhle kwezinye iintlobo ze-gliomas kubantu abadala, la mayeza anjalo awasebenzi kangako ebantwaneni.
• Ukhathalelo lokudambisa intlungu:Iingcali zokhathalelo lwentlungu zingakunceda wenze izigqibo eziza kunceda ukugcina umgangatho wobomi bomntwana wakho ngexesha lonyango. Zingacebisa neendlela zokunceda umntwana wakho ajongane nokuxilongwa aze afumane isiqabu kwiimpawu.

I-glioma ekumgangatho ophezulu inokwenzeka ukuba iphinde ivele emva konyango. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa "unyango olujoliswe kuko." Olu lunyango olujolise kuphela kwiimolekyuli ezingaqhelekanga (ezibangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo) kwithumba lomntwana wakho. Olu "nyango olujoliswe kuko kwiimolekyuli" lunokufumaneka "kwizilingo zeklinikhi." Uvavanyo lweklinikhi luphononongo oluvavanya ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle konyango olutsha.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba la mayeza onyango ajoliswe kuwo athengiswa, okanye ukuba izifundo zangaphambili zibonise ukuba ayasebenza kuhlobo lwe-glioma yomntwana wakho, ugqirha wakho unokukwazi ukukunika wona ngaphandle kovavanyo lweklinikhi.

Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zezi ndlela zonyango?

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nemiphumo emibi enokubakho yonyango olwahlukeneyo. Nangona oogqirha bezama konke okusemandleni abo ukuphepha ukonakalisa izicwili ezisempilweni ngexesha lonyango lwemitha, ezinye izicwili ezisempilweni zisenokuchaphazeleka. Ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni zeziphi iindawo zengqondo ezichaphazelekileyo, unyango lwemitha lunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwengqondo, ukukhula komntwana, kwaye luphazamise ukuveliswa kweehomoni.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxoxa ngononophelo nokuvavanya iingenelo kunye neengozi zonyango kunye neqela lezonyango elinyanga umntwana.

Yintoni endimele ndiyilindele ukuba umntwana wam une-glioma ekumgangatho ophezulu?

Uqikelelo lomntwana wakho luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ezinokuxoxwa ngugqirha wakho nawe. Uhlobo lweeseli ezichaphazelekileyo, iimpawu zeeseli, kunye nokuba ingakanani ithumba elisusiweyo ngexesha lotyando zonke ezi zigqibo zimisela iziphumo.

Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba ulindele ntoni ngokusekelwe kwimeko ethile yomntwana wakho.

Ingakanani izinga lokusinda kwi-glioma ephezulu?

Olu hlobo lwethumba lunokuphinda lubuye emva konyango. Izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kwi-gliomas ekumgangatho ophezulu ebantwaneni lingaphantsi kwama-20%. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba la mathumba ahluke kakhulu omnye komnye. Akhula kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye iimpawu zeeseli ezikuwo zahlukile. Olu mahluko lunokuchaphazela ikamva lomntwana wakho.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha?

Kukho imibuzo emininzi efika engqondweni ngexesha elinje. Kodwa ungalibali ukubuza ugqirha wakho le mibuzo:

• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo kumntwana wam?
• Indawo ekhona ithumba iyichaphazela njani indlela yokunyanga?
• Ziziphi iingozi ezinxulumene nonyango?
• Zeziphi iziphumo esifanele sizilindele kunyango?
• Ndingamnyamekela njani umntwana wam ngexesha lonyango?
• Kuza kufuneka umntwana wam eze kangaphi ukuze afumane unyango kunye nokulandelelana?

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ukufumana isifo se-glioma esikumgangatho ophezulu kunokuba yinto enzima kakhulu ukuyenza. Lo mhlaza usasazeka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye amathumba anokubuya nasemva konyango. Kuya kufuneka ulinganise izibonelelo zonyango ngokuthelekisa nemiphumo emibi ongafuni ukuba umntwana wakho ayifumane.

Sebenzisa zonke izixhobo ezikhoyo ukukunceda wena, umntwana wakho, kunye nosapho lwakho lonke ngeli xesha. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela zonyango kunye novavanyo lweklinikhi. Ukuba kukho iinkonzo zokhathalelo lwentlungu ezikhoyo, qhagamshelana naye. Qinisekisa umntwana wakho ukuba uya kuhlala umxhasa njengoko nijongene nolu xilongo kunye. Oku kuya kuba ngumthombo omkhulu wamandla kubo.

I- Glioma, Umhlaza woBuchopho, Umhlaza woBuntwana, I-Glioma ekumgangatho ophezulu, Utyando lwe-Neurosurgery, Unyango lweMisebe, Unyango lweKhemotherapy