Ngaba umntwana wakho unesiqhuma esingaqhelekanga? Masithethe ngeRhabdomyosarcoma

Kuqhelekile ukuba noloyiko xa ubona into engaqhelekanga, njengeqhubu okanye ukudumba, emzimbeni wakho okanye emzimbeni womntwana wakho omncinci. Ngamaxesha anjalo, sicinga ngezinto ezininzi. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngohlobo lomhlaza olunokuba njalo, kodwa lunqabile. Loo nto yi-rhabdomyosarcoma. Nangona igama lisenokuvakala linzima xa uliva, masithethe ngalo ngokulula.

Yintoni iRhabdomyosarcoma?

Ngamafutshane, i-rhabdomyosarcoma luhlobo lomhlaza oluvela kwizicubu ezithambileyo zomzimba wethu. Idla ngokuchaphazela izihlunu ezinamathele kumathambo ethu (ezibizwa ngokuba zimisipha yamathambo). Ixhaphake kakhulu ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala abancinci , kodwa inokuchaphazela nabantu abadala. Kuqikelelwa ukuba phakathi kwabantu abangama-400 nama-500 e-United States bafunyanwa benesi sifo minyaka le. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngumhlaza ongaqhelekanga kakhulu . Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-rhabdomyosarcoma. Ezinye iintlobo zinoburhalarhume kakhulu, oko kuthetha ukuba zisasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye kunzima ukuzinyanga. Ngonyango olufanelekileyo, ngamanye amaxesha imeko inokuphela ngokupheleleyo (ebizwa ngokuba yi-remission). Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha umhlaza unokubuya (ebizwa ngokuba yi-recurrence cancer).

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zesi sifo?

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili ze-rhabdomyosarcoma. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi:

1. I-Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma `(Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma)`

Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo . Luvela ebantwaneni kunakwabantu abadala. Luhlala luvela kwiindawo ezijikeleze intloko nentamo. Umzekelo, kwiinwebu ezigubungela ingqondo kunye nesokhethi yeliso (apho iliso litshone khona). Kukwakho nezinye iintlobo. Ezinye zinokukhula kwizitho ezingenanto ezifana nesinyi kunye nelungu lobufazi (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"Botryoid Rhabdomyosarcoma"). Olunye uhlobo lunokuvela lujikeleze amasende (amadlozi) omntwana (obizwa ngokuba yi-"Spindle Cell Rhabdomyosarcoma").

2. I-Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma `(Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma)`

Olu hlobo ludla ngokubonakala kubantwana abadala nakubantu abadala abaselula, abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-35. Luhlala luvela ezingalweni, emilenzeni, okanye emzimbeni. Olu hlobo lwe-alveolar lubi kakhulu kwaye lusasazeka ngokukhawuleza . Luqala ukusasazeka phantse kwangoko emva kokuba luphuhlile.

3. I-Pleomorphic Rhabdomyosarcoma `(Pleomorphic Rhabdomyosarcoma)`

Olu hlobo ludla ngokubonakala kubantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala. Nangona lunokuvela naphi na emzimbeni, lubonakala kakhulu emilenzeni . Lunokuvela nakwiingalo, esifubeni, esiswini, nakwezinye iindawo zentloko nentamo.

Zithini iimpawu ze-rhabdomyosarcoma?

Iimpawu zesi sifo ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo apho umhlaza ukhoyo . Umzekelo, ukuba umntwana unethumba elinje endlebeni yakhe, unokufumana iimpawu ezifana nentlungu yendlebe kunye nokuphuma kolwelo endlebeni. Ukuba ithumba livela ngasemva kweliso, iliso lisenokubonakala lidumbile kwaye livuvukile. Nazi ezinye imizekelo:

• Kwimeko yesihlunu engalweni okanye emlenzeni: iqhuma okanye ukudumba okuhambisana nentlungu.
• Isisu (`(Isisu)`): iintlungu zesisu , ukuqhina, ukuhlanza .
• Isinyi kunye nomgudu womchamo: Igazi kumchamo (`(Hematuria)`), ubunzima bokuchama.
• Umlomo wempumlo: Iimpawu ezifana nokopha kwempumlo (`(Epistaxis)`), usulelo lwe-sinus (`(Sinus Infection )`).
• Isini: Into efana neqhuma eliphuma kwisini somntwana.
• Amaqhuqhuva amasende : Iqhuqhuva elikhula ngokukhawuleza elijikeleze amasende omntwana.

Kubalulekile: Ezi mpawu ngamanye amaxesha zinokubangelwa zizifo ezingabalulekanga kangako. Izinto ezinje ngokuphuma kwegazi empumlweni, ukuhlanza, kunye namaqhuma emzimbeni azisoloko zibangelwa yi-rhabdomyosarcoma. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ninezi mpawu, ukuba ziyaqhubeka okanye zibonakala zisiba mandundu, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka nibone ugqirha .

Zithini izizathu zesi sifo?

I-Rhabdomyosarcoma ibangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kwiiseli zethu zemisipha (iiseli zemisipha ezingavuthwanga) ezibangela ukuba zibe nomhlaza kwaye zahlukane ngokukhawuleza, zenze iithumba. Utshintsho oluthile lwezakhi zofuzo, olufana ne-PAX/FOX01 fusion gene, lunokubangela ezinye iintlobo ze-rhabdomyosarcoma. Kwakhona, abantu abaneemeko ezithile zofuzo basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sesi sifo. Ezinye zezi meko ziquka:

• Isifo seLi-Fraumeni
• isifo sikaBeckwith-Wiedemann
• I-Neurofibromatosis
• Isifo seCostello
• Isifo sentliziyo esibizwa ngokuba yi-Cardiofasciocutaneous syndrome `(isifo sentliziyo esibizwa ngokuba yi-Cardiofasciocutaneous syndrome)`

Ifunyanwa njani i-rhabdomyosarcoma?

Xa wena okanye umntwana wakho nibona ugqirha, baza kuqala bakubuze ngeempawu zakho. Baza kubuza nokuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onayo nayiphi na kwezi meko zofuzo zikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, njengoko oku kunokukunika umbono womngcipheko wakho wokuba nesi sifo. Baza emva koko benze uvavanyo lomzimba ukukhangela naziphi na iimpawu zesifo, ezinje ngamaqhuma kunye nokudumba. Ukongeza, banokwenza olu vavanyo lulandelayo ukunceda ekufumaneni imeko:

• Iskeni se-CT `(Iskeni se-Computed Tomography (CT)` okanye i-MRI `(Iskeni se-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)`
• Iskeni ye-PET `(Iskeni ye-Positron Emission Tomography (PET)`
• Ukuskena amathambo
• Ukubhobozwa kweLumbar (uvavanyo apho kuthathwa khona ulwelo oluncinci kwi-spinal cord)
• I-Bone Marrow Biopsy
• I-biopsy (ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili kwithumba ukuze lihlolwe)
• Uvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwezicubu ezifana ne-immunohistochemistry
• Uvavanyo lweCytology

Ngaba oku kungafunyanwa ngovavanyo lwegazi?

Hayi, akukho vavanyo lwegazi oluthe ngqo olunokufumanisa i-rhabdomyosarcoma. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wakho we-oncologist unokuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi emva kokuxilongwa. Umzekelo, ukubalwa kwegazi okupheleleyo (i-CBC) kungenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba isifo sisasazeke na kumongo wethambo. Uvavanyo lwegazi lwenziwa ngexesha lonyango ukuze kubonwe ukuba umzimba wakho usabela njani kunyango.

Amaqela Omngcipheko weRhabdomyosarcoma

Xa abantwana befumana i-rhabdomyosarcoma, iingcali zomhlaza zihlukanisa esi sifo ngokwamaqela anobungozi. Olu hlu lusekelwe kwizinto ezintathu eziphambili: 1. Isigaba se-tumor: Oogqirha basebenzisa inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-TNM Staging System ukufumanisa oku. U-T ubhekisa kubungakanani nendawo ye-tumor, u-N ubhekisa ekubeni umhlaza usasazeke na kwiindawo ze-lymph nodes, kwaye u-M ubhekisa ekubeni umhlaza usasazeke na kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. 2. Iqela leklinikhi: Oku kugqitywa emva kwe-biopsy okanye utyando. Umzekelo, ukuba i-tumor ingasuswa ngokupheleleyo nge-biopsy okanye utyando, ihlelwa njengeQela I. La maqela aqala kwi-1 ukuya kwi-4. 3. Utshintsho lwe-genetic: Nokuba kukho i-PAX/FOX01 fusion gene mutation. Ezi ndidi zomngcipheko zibizwa ngokuba yi-low risk, i-medium risk, kunye ne-high risk . Iqela lezonyango lomntwana wakho lisebenzisa olu luhlu lomngcipheko ukucwangcisa unyango, ukuqikelela amathuba okuba umhlaza uza kubuya emva konyango, kunye nokufumanisa ukuba ulindele ntoni emva konyango (prognosis).

Inkqubo yokufumanisa olu didi lomngcipheko iyinkimbinkimbi kancinci. Usenokungaluqondi ngoko nangoko lonke ulwazi olusetyenzisiweyo. Ngoko ke, ungathandabuzi ukubuza iqela lezonyango lomntwana wakho ukuba likucacisele . Baya kukuvuyela ukukuchazela yonke into.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-rhabdomyosarcoma?

Iindlela zonyango ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo. Ngenxa yokuba i-rhabdomyosarcoma sisifo esingaqhelekanga, ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unale meko,Buza iqela lakho lezonyango ukuba ungakwazi na ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi . Iingcali zomhlaza zihlala zisebenzisa olu nyango:

• Utyando
• Unyango lweMisebe
• Unyango lweKhemotherapy (ikhemotherapy)

Ngaba i-rhabdomyosarcoma inganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Ngamanye amaxesha, ewe, unyango lunokuyinyanga i-rhabdomyosarcoma . Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"remission" yesifo. Oku kuthetha ukuba iimpawu ziyanyamalala kwaye akukho ziseli zomhlaza ezifunyenweyo kwiimvavanyo. Uninzi lwexesha, olu nyango luhlala luhleli, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha i-rhabdomyosarcoma inokubuya. Ngokubanzi, abantu abadala abanakukwazi ukuphila ngokupheleleyo kwesi sifo kunabantwana .

Ingakanani iminyaka yobomi bomntu one-rhabdomyosarcoma?

Akukho nani lichanekileyo lokuba umntu one-rhabdomyosarcoma uza kuphila ixesha elingakanani. Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi bagcina umkhondo wepesenti yabantu abaphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu befunyaniswe bene-rhabdomyosarcoma. Eli nani lokusinda lixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya uhlobo lwesifo, iqela elinomngcipheko, kunye nokuba isifo sibuya na emva konyango . Lilonke, ama-70% abantwana abanesi sifo baphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu befunyaniswe benesi sifo. Kubantu abadala, izinga lokusinda kwiminyaka emihlanu limalunga nama-20%.

Nokuba imeko yakho injani na, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba la mazinga okusinda asekelwe kumava abanye abaye banyangwa i-rhabdomyosarcoma. Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unale meko, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukufuna ukwazi ukuba ikamva liphethe ntoni. Ukuba kunjalo, iqela lakho lezonyango lingcono ukuthetha nalo ngayo .

Ndingamnyamekela njani umntwana wam kunye nam?

Umhlaza unokuba nefuthe elikhulu kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla. I-Rhabdomyosarcoma ayifani nayo. Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unale meko, nisenokuziva nixinezelekile kwaye nidiniwe. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso ezinokukunceda ngeli xesha:

• Cinga ngoNyango lokuPhumla: Iimpawu zomhlaza kunye nonyango kunokuba nzima ukumelana nazo. Unyango lokuPhumla lunyango olunceda ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi, ukusuka ekunciphiseni iimpawu ukuya ekuboneleleni ngenkxaso yeemvakalelo.
• Thetha neNgcali yoBomi boMntwana: Umhlaza ungaguqula ubomi bomntwana bube buhlungu. Ungamsusa kubahlobo nakwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Ukuphila nomhlaza kunokuba ngumntu onesizungu kumntwana odlula kumava abahlobo bakhe abangenakuwaqonda. Iingcali zobomi bomntwana ngabasebenzi bezempilo abaqeqeshwe ngokukodwa abanceda abantwana ukuba bajongane namava ezonyango.
• Thatha ikhefu:Unyango lomhlaza – kunye nokunyamekela umntwana onomhlaza – lunokudinisa kakhulu. Ukuba unyangwa, zama ukuphumla nanini na xa ufuna, kungekuphela nje xa unexesha. Ukuba unyamekela umntwana one-rhabdomyosarcoma, buza ugqirha wakho ngeenkqubo kunye neenkonzo zokhathalelo lokuphumla.
• Cinga ngokusinda kumhlaza: I-Rhabdomyosarcoma ingabuya emva konyango. Ukuba ukhathazekile ukuba umhlaza uza kubuya kuwe okanye kumntwana wakho, buza ugqirha wakho ngeenkonzo zenkxaso zokusinda kumhlaza.

Ndingaqhagamshelana nini nogqirha wam we-oncologist?

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ufumana unyango, nxibelelana nogqirha wakho ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango zimbi kakhulu kunokuba bekulindelwe . Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, ugqirha wakho usenokuba ukunike imiyalelo ethile malunga neempawu ezinokubonisa ukuba i-rhabdomyosarcoma yakho iyasasazeka okanye iyabuya. Musa ukuthandabuza ukuthetha naye ngayo nayiphi na inkxalabo onokuba nayo.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

I-Rhabdomyosarcoma sisifo esingaqhelekanga. Usenokungazi okuninzi ngaso. Nokuba unaso esi sifo okanye umntwana wakho unaso, usenokuba nemibuzo emininzi malunga nokuba ungalindela ntoni kwixesha elizayo. Nazi ezinye zemibuzo onokuzibuza ngamaxesha anjalo:

• Loluphi uhlobo lwe-rhabdomyosarcoma endinalo/umntwana wam?
• Yintoni udidi lweqela elinomngcipheko?
• Loluphi unyango olucebisayo?
• Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?
• Ngaba kukho naziphi na iimvavanyo zeklinikhi esinokuthatha inxaxheba kuzo?
• Ithini ingqikelelo yesifo somntwana wam?
• Zeziphi iinkonzo zenkxaso onazo ezinokusinceda?

Okokugqibela, yintoni ekufuneka uyikhumbule

I-Rhabdomyosarcoma luhlobo lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga . Iingcali azikazi ukuba kutheni isenzeka. Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho une-rhabdomyosarcoma, usenokucaphuka kuba awazi ukuba kutheni isenzeka. Iqela lakho lezonyango liyakuqonda oko. Nangona bengenakuchaza ukuba kutheni wena okanye umntwana wakho ene-rhabdomyosarcoma, banokuchaza izinto ezifana nokuxilongwa, unyango olunokwenzeka, kunye nokukwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Banokukunceda ufumane izixhobo ezifana namaqela enkxaso kunye nonyango olukhethekileyo. Ungakhathazeki, awuwedwa. I-Rhabdomyosarcoma, umhlaza, umhlaza wobuntwana, umhlaza wezicubu ezithambileyo, iimpawu zomhlaza, unyango lomhlaza, izifo zemfuza