Ingaba amandla omzimba wakho okulwa nezifo anciphile? (Akunakwenzeka ukuba umzimba wakho uphelelwe lithemba) Masithethe ngale nto!

Ngaba uhlala uhlaselwa ngumkhuhlane kodwa awupheli kwiintsuku ezimbalwa? Okanye uziva ngathi ufumana izifo ngokulula kunezinye? Mhlawumbi amandla omzimba wakho okulwa nezifo, oko kukuthi, amasosha omzimba wakho, anciphile. Le yimeko esiyibiza ngokuba yi-'(Immunocompromised)'. Ungakhathazeki, masithethe ngayo ngokweenkcukacha.

Kalula nje, yintoni le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Immunocompromised)`?

Khawucinge ukuba sinomkhosi wokhuselo ngaphakathi emzimbeni wethu, njengelizwe. Lo mkhosi usigcina sisempilweni ngokulwa neentsholongwane ezibangela izifo ezivela ngaphandle. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yinkqubo yokuzikhusela . Ngoko ke, ukuba ``uyi-Immunocompromised'' kuthetha ukuba inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela ayisebenzi kakuhle, oko kukuthi, ibuthathaka. Emva koko ayinakukwazi ukulwa nezifo njengoko kufanele.

Usenokuzalwa unale meko. Okanye inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela isenokuba buthathaka ngenxa yezifo ezithile, amayeza, iimeko ezifana nomhlaza, okanye ezinye iingxaki zempilo ebomini bakho bonke. Usenokuva oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"Immunosuppression." Akusiyonto owazalwa unayo ngokukodwa, kodwa lunyango lwamva okanye isifo esithoba inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela.

Uyazi njani ukuba unale meko?

Iimpawu eziphambili zoku kukugula rhoqo kwaye kuthatha ixesha elide kakhulu ukuba uphile xa ugula. Nangona kunjalo, ayinguye wonke umntu ogula rhoqo onenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka. Uhlobo lwesifo osifumanayo nalo lubalulekile. Umzekelo, kuqhelekile ukuba abantwana abancinci bafumane umkhuhlane rhoqo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufumana usulelo lweentsholongwane rhoqo, izifo ezifana ne-pneumonia, okanye ezinye izifo ezithile, oko kungaba luphawu lokuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba ayisebenzi kakuhle. Kwimeko apho amasosha omzimba wakho ebuthathaka, izinto ezinje ngezi zinokwenzeka:

• Ugula ngenxa yeentsholongwane ezihlala zigcina abanye kude ngaphandle kokugula.
• Isifo esincinci nesinyangekayo kubantu abaninzi sinokuba yingozi kakhulu kuwe.
• Kuthatha ixesha elide ukuchacha emva kokugula.
• Unamathuba amaninzi kunabanye okuba neengxaki ezibangelwa kukugula (umz., ukuba ne-pneumonia emva kwentsholongwane yokuphefumla).
• Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane eziye zaphela ngaphambili, umzekelo i-Epstein-Barr virus okanye i-varicella-zoster virus (intsholongwane ebangela i-chickenpox), zinokuphinda zibuye.
• Nokuba ufumana iigonyo, umzimba wakho usenokungazivelisi ii-antibodies.

Usenokungabi nazo naziphi na iimpawu ezithile kuba umzimba wakho ubuthathaka. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unesifo esibangela le meko (njengeentlobo ezithile zomhlaza), unokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ndiziva ndidiniwe kakhulu (Ndidinwe kakhulu)
• Ukubila ebusuku
• Izifo eziphindaphindayo
• Ukunciphisa umzimba okungafunekiyo
• Ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo

Iintsholongwane ezikhethekileyo ezenzeka kubantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka

Kukho ezinye izifo umntu ophilileyo anokuzilwa ngokulula aze azoyise. Kodwa ukuba ufumana ezo zifo, ugqirha unokurhanela ukuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka. Ezi zifo ziquka:

• I-Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) luhlobo lwe-pneumonia.
• Usulelo lwe-cytomegalovirus (CMV) oluneempawu
• Usulelo lwefungus olusasazeka ukusuka emiphungeni ukuya kwezinye iindawo zomzimba (umz. i-coccidioidomycosis, i-cryptococcosis, i-histoplasmosis)
• Usulelo oluqhelekileyo lweebhaktheriya
• Izifo ezixhaphakileyo okanye ezihlala ixesha elide ezifana ne-pneumonia, i-herpes simplex, i-campylobacter, okanye i-cyclosporiasis.

Zithini izizathu zokuncipha koku kumelana komzimba?

Amaxesha amaninzi, izizathu eziphambili zokuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka ziimeko ezithile zonyango, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza athile, kunye nezinto ezifana nokufakelwa amalungu omzimba okanye iiseli ezisisiseko. Zonke ezi zinto zinokwenza inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Izifo kunye neemeko ezenza buthathaka inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela

Ezinye izifo zitshabalalisa iiseli zethu zomzimba okanye zichaphazele amandla azo okuzilungisa ngokufanelekileyo. Ezi zifo ziquka:

• Ukungabikho komzimba okuphambili: Le yimeko ebuthathaka amasosha omzimba wakho, nokuba uzalwe unayo okanye ukuba amasosha omzimba wakho abuthathaka ngokwemvelo kamva ebomini.
• Usulelo lwe-HIV (i-human immunodeficiency virus): Olu lutshayela ngqo inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
• Umhlaza: Umhlaza onxulumene negazi, ingakumbi i-leukemia, i-lymphoma, kunye ne-multiple myeloma, zezona zixhaphakileyo zomhlaza ezichaphazela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza zinokuchaphazela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
• Isifo seswekile (iDiabetes Mellitus)`
• Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo: Oku kwenzeka xa inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela iiseli zomzimba.
• Isifo seSickle cell
• Isifo sesibindi
• I-hepatitis ebangelwa ziintsholongwane (ukudumba kwesibindi)

Ngokufanayo, abo bangenayo i-thymus (apho ii-T cells zethu, uhlobo lweseli yokuzikhusela komzimba, zivuthiwe) okanye i-spleen (ilungu eliqulathe kwaye lilawula iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi) nabo banomzimba ophantsi wokuzikhusela komzimba.

Amayeza kunye nonyango oluthintela amajoni omzimba

Ezinye iindlela zonyango, ezinje ngonyango lwemitha kunye ne-chemotherapy yomhlaza, zinokwenza buthathaka inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela njengesiphumo esingesihle. Kukho ezinye iindlela zonyango ezicinezela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela njengenxalenye yomsebenzi wazo. Umzekelo, ukufakelwa komongo wethambo kudla ngokutshabalalisa yonke inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwaye kuyithathe indawo yayo ngengcono.

Amayeza amaninzi ezifo ezihlasela umzimba asebenza ngokwenza buthathaka inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, ayithintele ekuhlaseleni iiseli eziphilileyo. Siwabiza la mayeza okunciphisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela (anciphisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela) okanye amayeza okunciphisa umzimba (atshintsha indlela esebenza ngayo inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela).

Amanye amayeza kunye nonyango oluthintela amajoni omzimba luquka:

• Umongo wethambo okanye ukufakelwa kwamalungu omzimba aqinileyo
• Unyango ngamakhemikhali
• Unyango ngemitha
• Ii-corticosteroids (umz. i-prednisone, i-prednisolone, i-dexamethasone)
• `I-Azathioprine (Imuran®)`
• ``I-Cyclosporine (Gengraf®, Neoral®)''
• `IHydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil®)`
• `Leflunomide (Arava®)`
• `I-Methotrexate (iRheumatrex®, iTrexall®)`
• ``I-Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine®)''

Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho ngenxa yoku?

Xa inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka, usengozini enkulu yokufumana iingxaki ezisongela ubomi ngenxa yezifo. Ngenxa yokuba umzimba wakho awukwazi ukulwa nesifo, izifo zinokusasazeka emzimbeni wakho wonke. Oku kunokukhokelela ekonakaleni kwamalungu omzimba, i-sepsis (imeko efana netyhefu yegazi), kunye ne-septic shock (ukwehla okukhulu koxinzelelo lwegazi). Zonke ezi zinto zingakubulala. Ukuba usengxakini enkulu, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane.

Ugqirha uyibona njani le nto?

Oogqirha baxilonga ukungabikho kwamasosha omzimba kunye nezifo ezibangela oku ngokuhlola igazi lakho kunye nezicubu zomzimba. Kusetyenziswa ezinye iimvavanyo ezithile ukwenza oku:

• Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo (i-CBC)
• Uvavanyo lwe-antibody
• I-Flow cytometry (ukubala iiseli zomzimba)
• Uvavanyo lwemfuza ukukhangela utshintsho lwemfuza oluchaphazela amasosha omzimba
• Uhlalutyo lomchamo
• Uvavanyo lwe-HIV
• I-lymph node biopsy
• iBone Marrow Biopsy
• i-biopsy yesibindi
• I-CT scan okanye ezinye iimvavanyo ze-radiological

Umphatha njani umntu onenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ephantsi?

Unyango lwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka luxhomekeke kwisizathu. Oogqirha banokunyanga ezinye iimeko ezifihlakeleyo baze bancede ekuqiniseni inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Olu nyango luquka:

• Unyango lwe-antiretroviral: Olu nyango lunokunciphisa kakhulu inani le-HIV emzimbeni wakho. Xa inciphile ngokwaneleyo, ayichaphazeli inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
• Unyango lomhlaza:Umhlaza ochaphazela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela unyangwa nge-chemotherapy, unyango lwe-radiation, kunye ne-immunotherapy.
• Inaliti yePegfilgrastim (Fulphila®, Neulasta®): Ukuba inani leeseli zakho ezimhlophe zegazi liphantsi kakhulu (i-neutropenia), le naliti inceda umzimba wakho wenze iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezingaphezulu kwaye iqinise inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
• Utofelo-gazi oluyi-granulocyte: Olu lutofelo-gazi olungaqhelekanga kwi-neutropenia enzima.
• Ukufakelwa kweeseli zesiqu: Ukufakelwa kweeseli zesiqu kungenziwa ukunyanga okanye ukulawula ezinye izifo ezenza buthathaka inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.

Kukho ezinye iindlela zonyango ezinokunceda ukuthintela okanye ukulwa nezifo.

Ukunyanga izifo xa umzimba ubuthathaka

Ukuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka, usenokungakwazi ukuchacha ngamayeza athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha xa ugula. Ugqirha wakho uhlala eqala unyango lokubulala iintsholongwane, unyango lokubola, unyango lokulwa neentsholongwane, okanye unyango lokulwa neentsholongwane ngoko nangoko, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo losulelo.

Ungangeniswa esibhedlele ukunceda ukulwa nosulelo. Apho, unganikwa unyango olufana nolu:

• Ii-antibodies ze-monoclonal
• Iplasma yokuVula
• Iinaliti ze-Interferon gamma
• I-Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG)

Yintoni omele uyilindele xa uphila nale meko?

Asinguye wonke umntu onenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka ofana naye. Kwabanye, isenokuba lutshintsho oluncinci, kodwa kwabanye lunokutshintsha yonke indlela yabo yokuphila.

Kwakhona, amajoni omzimba abanye abantu ancipha ixesha elifutshane. Abanye banokufuna amayeza okanye izifo eziguqula amasosha omzimba ubomi babo bonke. Thetha neqela lakho lezempilo malunga nento onokuyilindela ngokusekelwe kwimeko yakho.

Ngokubanzi, imeko yomntu onesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba esibuthathaka ixhomekeke kwisizathu esiyintloko. Izifo ezininzi ezenza umzimba ube buthathaka zinokulawulwa. Nangona kunjalo, kudla ngokuba yimfuneko ukuba uhlale ulumkile ubomi bakho bonke ukuze uthintele usulelo okanye ufune unyango xa lusenzeka.

Ngaba oku kungathintelwa?

Uninzi lwezifo ezithintela amajoni omzimba azinakuthintelwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphepha ukosuleleka ngabanye abantu yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuphepha iingxaki ezinzulu. Kunokunceda ukukhusela kwezinye izifo ezithintela amajoni omzimba.

Ungenza ezi zinto ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokosuleleka:

• Iindlela ezikhuselekileyo: Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo, ziqhelisele isondo esikhuselekileyo, kwaye ulandele iindlela zokhuseleko lokutya.
• Ukugonywa: Fumana zonke izitofu ezicetyiswayo kuwe. Ezinye izitofu zinokubangela ukuba abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka bagule. Ngoko ke buza ugqirha wakho ukuba zeziphi izitofu ezifanelekileyo kuwe.
• Uthintelo lwangaphambi nasemva kokuvezwa: Ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana i-HIV, ungathatha i-Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Ukuba ukhe wachaphazeleka yi-HIV, ungathatha i-Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Kukwakho neendlela zokuthintela i-Hepatitis B emva kokuvezwa.
• Nciphisa ukuvezwa: Kuphephe abantu abagulayo okanye abaye badibana nomntu ogulayo. Yiya evenkileni uyokuthenga ukutya xa abantu bembalwa. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ngexesha lomkhuhlane kunye nelixa lomkhuhlane kwaye xa usulelo lwe-COVID-19 luphezulu.
• Qala unyango kwangethuba: Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane okanye amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane ukuthintela usulelo.
• Uvavanyo losulelo: Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise unyango lokunciphisa umzimba, ugqirha wakho unokukuvavanya izinto ezifana ne-HIV, i-hepatitis, isifo sephepha, usulelo lwefungus, kunye nosulelo olubangelwa zizinambuzane.

Uzinyamekela njani?

Ukuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka, kufuneka ulumke kakhulu ngempilo yakho. Nokuba umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo unokukugulisa kakhulu. Ukongeza ekuthatheni amanyathelo akhethekileyo okuzikhusela kwizifo, kukho ezinye iindlela ezimbalwa onokuzinyamekela ngazo:

• Jonga impilo yakho: Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zosulelo ekufuneka uziqaphele kunye nento omawuyenze ukuba unazo. Umzekelo, umkhuhlane ongaphezulu kobushushu obuthile, iimpawu ezihlala zikho, njl.
• Cwangcisa kwangaphambili: Gcina imaski kunye nesicoci sezandla zikufutshane. Xa useluhambeni, yazi apho ungalufumana khona uncedo lwezonyango naphi na apho uya khona. Abanye abantu baphatha ikhadi elibonisa ukuba amajoni abo omzimba aphantsi.
• Yazisa abantu obathandayo: Thetha nosapho lwakho kunye nabahlobo malunga nokuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko. Kufuneka baqonde ukuba banokukunceda uhlale usempilweni. Ukuba baziva begula, kufuneka bakuxelele ngaphambi kokuba bakubone.
• Yenza isicwangciso nesikolo sakho/indawo osebenza kuyo: Thetha nesebe lezabasebenzi okanye isikolo senkampani yakho (ukuba isikolo somntwana wakho) malunga naluphi na utshintsho ekufuneka ulwenze ukuze uhlale usempilweni kwaye ukhuselekile. Kusenokufuneka usebenzisane nogqirha wakho ukuze ucebe isicwangciso esichaza ezinye izinto onokuzenza xa wena okanye umntwana wakho ningakwazi ukuya emsebenzini/esikolweni.
• Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho: Abanye abantu bayakuphepha ukudibana nogqirha ngenxa yokoyika ukuba phakathi kwabanye abantu. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngendlela engcono yokufumana unyango ngaphandle komngcipheko. Jonga ukuba ungacwangcisa na ukutyelela abantu nge-intanethi (njengeefowuni zevidiyo) okanye ukudibana nabantu ngexesha elingengomsebenzi.
• Jonga ukuba utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo lunokunceda na: Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba ukuzilolonga okanye ukutya okunesondlo kunokwenza umahluko kwimpilo yakho yomzimba.
• Beka impilo yengqondo kwindawo yokuqala: Ukuhlala unyamekela impilo yakho yomzimba kunokuyichaphazela impilo yakho yengqondo.Ukuthetha nomcebisi wezempilo yengqondo, ukuhambahamba imihla ngemihla, kunye nezinye iindlela zokuzinyamekela kunokunceda ukunciphisa amanqanaba oxinzelelo lwakho. Oko kunceda nenkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela.

Linini ixesha ekufuneka ndibonane nogqirha/ndiye esibhedlele?

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba kufuneka uphinde ubabone nini ukuba unenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka, kunye nento omawuyenze ukuba ucinga ukuba unentsholongwane. Basenokukuxelela ukuba uye ngqo kwigumbi likaxakeka ukuba uneempawu ezithile. Okuninzi kuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho ethile, kodwa kungcono ukuya kuhlolwa ukuba kukho into oyixhalabeleyo.

Ufanele uye nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) ?

Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka uziqaphele kwaye nini ukuya kwigumbi likaxakeka. Soloko uye kwi-ER ukuba uneempawu zosulelo olukhulu:

• Umkhuhlane (ngesiqhelo naliphi na iqondo lobushushu elingaphezulu kwe-100.4 Fahrenheit/38 Celsius)
• Ukudideka okanye utshintsho engqondweni
• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu
• Ukuqina kwentamo
• Ukuhlanza rhoqo okanye urhudo
• Ukuba inxeba libomvu, lidumbile, libuhlungu, likhupha ubovu, okanye lifudumele xa ulichukumisa

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha?

Kunganceda ukubuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Ndiza kuhlala "ndingenawo amandla omzimba" ixesha elingakanani? Ingaba oku kungokwexeshana okanye kusisigxina?
• Ngawaphi amanyathelo endingawathathayo ukuzikhusela kwiintsholongwane?
• Zeziphi iimpawu zosulelo ekufuneka ndizijonge?
• Ndingaya nini kwigumbi likaxakeka?
• Ndingakubona nini kwakhona?

Abantu banokuba ``abakhubazekileyo``` ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Amava akho asenokungafani nawabanye abantu. Mhlawumbi ufunda oku ngaphambi kokuba uqale amayeza okunciphisa umzimba, unethemba lokuba akuyi kukuthintela ekwenzeni izinto ozithandayo. Mhlawumbi usesibhedlele, unolunye usulelo, uzibuza ukuba ikamva likuphathele ntoni. Okanye mhlawumbi umntwana wakho ``ukhubazekile```, kwaye uzama ukweyisela ihlabathi ukuba intsapho yakho ayikaze "ivele" ibe nomkhuhlane.

Into enye efanayo kubo bonke abantu abanenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka kukuba kufuneka benze utshintsho kwaye bathathe amanyathelo okhuseleko abanye abasenokungafuni ukuwathatha. Kunokuba nzima ukuchazela abanye ngolawulo lwakho lwempilo. Thembela kwiqela lakho lezonyango. Basenokuba neengcebiso zamaqela enkxaso kunye nezinye iindlela zokukugcina ukhuselekile kwaye usempilweni.

Ukuba umntu omaziyo unesifo samasosha omzimba esibuthathaka, mamela iimfuno zakhe. Yenza oko akucelayo ukuba ukwenze ukuze uncede ekukhuseleni impilo yakhe yengqondo neyomzimba.

Izinto ekufuneka uzazi (Umyalezo oya nawo ekhaya)

Ukuba nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ephantsi asikokoyika, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi oko nokuthatha amanyathelo afunekayo.

• Ukuba ugula rhoqo okanye ukuba isigulo sakho sithatha ixesha elide ukuphola, funa ingcebiso kagqirha.
• Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokuba kutheni amajoni omzimba enokuncipha; qonda loo nto.
• Landela unyango kunye nemiyalelo kagqirha ngokuchanekileyo.
• Yenza konke okusemandleni akho ukuzikhusela kwiintsholongwane. Ziqhelise ukuhlamba izandla zakho kwaye uphephe iindawo ezinabantu abaninzi.
• Impilo yakho yengqondo nayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Musa ukuthandabuza ukufumana uncedo ukuba uyalufuna.
• Awuwedwa. Kukho oogqirha, usapho, kunye nabahlobo abanokukunceda.

Khumbula, olu lwazi lujolise ekunikeni ulwazi kuphela. Ukuba uneengxaki zempilo, nceda udibane nogqirha.

Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwamasosha omzimba, ukuncipha kwamasosha omzimba, ukugula rhoqo, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, usulelo, unyango