Ingaba kukho ingxaki ngentloko, intamo, okanye umqolo womntwana? - Masithethe nge-Iniencephaly

Owu, ngamanye amaxesha siba buhlungu kwaye sothuke kakhulu zizinto esizivayo, akunjalo? Ingakumbi xa kuziwa kumntwana omtsha oza kweli hlabathi. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko engaqhelekanga ebuhlungu kancinci, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba siyiqaphele. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-Iniencephaly.

Ngoko ke, yintoni i-Iniencephaly?

Ngamafutshane, i-Iniencephaly yimeko entsonkothileyo yokuzalwa . Ichaphazela kakhulu intloko yomntwana, intamo, kunye nomqolo. Iintsana ezizelwe nale meko zinokuba nentamo emfutshane kakhulu, okanye zingabi nayo kwaphela intamo. Zinokuba nentloko egobileyo kunye nokukhubazeka komqolo. Khawuthelekelele ukuba kunzima kangakanani oku. Rhoqo, ukongeza kwezi ngxaki ziphambili, kunokubakho ezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga kwezinye iinkqubo zomzimba womntwana, njengentliziyo kunye nemiphunga.

Amaxesha amaninzi, abantwana abazalwa benesi sifo bafa ngaphambi kokuba bazalwe, nokuba kusesibelekweni okanye emva nje kokuba bezelwe. Amaxesha amaninzi, umntwana onesi sifo esingesibi kangako angaphila ixesha elide.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

I-iniencephaly yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu . Oko kuthetha ukuba ayisoloko isenzeka. Izazinzulu zaqala ukuxela le meko ukususela ngo-1836. Ngokwedatha yangoku, kuqikelelwa ukuba le meko yenzeka kwiintsana ezimalunga ne-1 ukuya kwi-100 kwi-100 lamawaka nganye. Nangona kunjalo, olu qikelelo luyahluka. Enye into kukuba le meko kuthiwa ixhaphake kancinci kwiintsana ezingamantombazana.

I-iniencephaly yenzeka njani?

Makhe sibone ukuba le Iniencephaly yenzeka njani. Oku ngokwenene kukuzalwa kwesiphene kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo . Oogqirha bakubiza oku ngokuthi "yiNeural Tube Defect". Ubusazi na ukuba iiveki zokuqala ezimbalwa emva kokukhulelwa zibaluleke kakhulu? Kungeli xesha apho "ityhubhu yemithambo-luvo", apho ingqondo yomntwana, intambo yomqolo, kunye nentambo yomqolo (umthambo oyintloko odlula kwintambo yomqolo) ziqala ukwakheka khona. Ngokwesiqhelo, ngeveki yesithathu okanye yesine yokukhulelwa, le tyhubhu yemithambo-luvo ivalwe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye inkqubo yemithambo-luvo kufuneka ikhule ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko ye-Iniencephaly, ngesizathu esithile le nkqubo iyaphazamiseka, kwaye inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ayiphuhli ngokufanelekileyo.

Zithini izizathu ze-iniencephaly?

Kunzima ukutsho ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela oku. Oogqirha bakholelwa ukuba kukudibana kwezinto ezibangelwa yimfuza (oko kukuthi, ezizuzwe njengelifa) kunye nezinto ezisingqongileyo. Kwezinye iimeko, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-chromosome, okufana ne-`(Monosomy X)`, `(Trisomy 13)` kunye ne-`(Trisomy 18)`, kufunyenwe ukuba kunxulunyaniswa nako.

Ukongeza, ezinye izinto ezingqongileyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa nazo zinokunyusa le ngozi. Ezi ziquka:

• Ukunqongophala kwe-folic acid:Le yingxaki ebaluleke kakhulu. Siza kuthetha ngayo ngakumbi.
• Ukusetyenziswa kotywala: Ukusela utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
• Ukutshaya: Oko kuthetha izinto ezifana nokutshaya icuba.
• Isifo seswekile: Umama unesifo seswekile esingalawulekiyo.
• Ukutyeba kakhulu: Ubunzima bomzimba kamama buphezulu kakhulu kunomlinganiselo ocetyiswayo.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza athile: Kusetyenziswa amayeza athile, ingakumbi xa ukhulelwe kwangethuba. Imizekelo ibandakanya amayeza e-sulfa, amayeza okuthintela ukuxhuzula, amayeza okukhupha isisu, kunye ne-antihistamines.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba umntwana wakho wayene-neural tube defect kwi-pregnancy yangaphambili, umngcipheko uphezulu kancinci kwi-pregnancy yakho elandelayo.

Ifunyanwa njani i-Iniencephaly?

Kwangoko nje umntwana ezelwe, oogqirha banokufumanisa imeko ye-iniencephaly ngokujonga ukhakhayi lomntwana kunye nomqolo wakhe. Oko kukuthi, banokubona ngeempawu zangaphandle . Ukuba umntwana uphila ixesha elide, ugqirha angasebenzisa iimvavanyo ezifana ne-ultrasound, i-CT scan, kunye ne-MRI ukuze ahlole ngcono imeko aze agqibe ukuba loluphi unyango olufumanekayo.

Ngaba oku akunakubonwa ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe?

Ewe, lo ngumbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi ezinokubona iziphene ze-neural tube, ezifana ne-iniencephaly, kwanangaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe, oko kukuthi, ngexesha lokukhulelwa . Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ezi mvavanyo njengenxalenye yokuhlolwa rhoqo, okanye ukuba bacinga ukuba ukukhulelwa kwakho kusemngciphekweni.

• I-ultrasound yangaphambi kokuzalwa: Le yi-scan esiqhelene nayo sonke. Isebenzisa amaza esandi ukuthatha imifanekiso yomntwana esibelekweni. Ugqirha usebenzisa le scan ukujonga intloko yomntwana, intamo, kunye nomqolo wakhe ukujonga naziphi na iingxaki.
• Isikrini se-quad marker: Olu luvavanyo lwegazi olwenziwa kumama. Lukhangela iihomoni kunye neeproteni ezininzi. Iproteni enye ebalulekileyo ejongwayo yi-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Le AFP yenziwa ngumntwana. Emva koko idlulela egazini likamama. Ukuba inqanaba le-AFP egazini likamama liphezulu kakhulu, oko kunokubonisa ukuba umntwana unokuba nesiphene kwityhubhu yemithambo-luvo.
• I-Amniocentesis: I-Amniocentesis:Kolu vavanyo, ugqirha usebenzisa inaliti encinci ukususa inani elincinci lolwelo lwe-amniotic olujikeleze usana. Ilebhu ilinganisa inqanaba le-AFP kolu lwelo lwe-amniotic, kwaye yenza uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-"Karyotype testing" ukujonga ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-chromosome. Zombini ezi vavanyo zinokunika umbono wokuba kukho ingxaki ye-neural tube kunye nokuba yintoni unobangela.
• I-MRI yosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa: Olu luhlobo lwe-scan. Lusebenzisa amaza erediyo kunye ne-magnetic field enamandla ukuvelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo neneenkcukacha zamathambo kunye nezicubu zosana. Eyona nto ingcono kukuba i-MRI scan ayimbeki umntwana kwi-radiation.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyixilonga le meko kwangethuba . Xa ixilongiwe kwangethuba, oogqirha banokuchazela usapho ngemeko yosana baze banike abazali inkxaso yengqondo efunekayo. Ukuba ukukhulelwa kuyaqhubeka, ezi ngxaki zinokubangela iingozi kumama ngexesha lokubeleka.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-Iniencephaly?

Enyanisweni, akukho nyango luthile lwale meko, i-Iniencephaly. Uninzi lweentsana ezinale meko ziyafa ngexesha lokukhulelwa, esibelekweni, okanye kwiiyure ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa. Le yimeko ebuhlungu kakhulu. Oogqirha kunye nabasebenzi bezempilo banika usapho inkxaso efunekayo ukuze bajamelane nale ntlungu baze bajamelane nayo.

Kunqabile kakhulu, oko kuthetha ukuba inani elincinci kakhulu leentsana liphila ixesha elide, oogqirha banyanga umntwana ngamnye ngokwahlukeneyo, ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ezivelayo ngelo xesha.

Ngaba i-folic acid ingakuthintela oku?

Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo sonke ekufuneka siyiqaphele . Eyona nto ibalulekileyo onokuyenza ukuthintela iziphene ze-neural tube, kuquka i-anencephaly, kukuthatha i-folic acid ngaphambi nangexesha lokukhulelwa . I-folic acid yi-vitamin B. Ibalulekile ekuvelisweni kweeseli ezintsha emzimbeni wethu.

Uphando lufumanise ukuba ukuthatha i-400 micrograms (mcg) ye-folic acid ngosuku kunokunciphisa umngcipheko weziphene ze-neural tube malunga ne-70% . Kubaluleke kakhulu kubo bonke abafazi abakwiminyaka yokuzala ukuba bathathe eli nani yonke imihla. Zimbini izizathu zoku:

• Ukukhulelwa okuninzi akucetywanga.
• Iziphene ze-neural tube zenzeka kwiiveki zokuqala zokukhulelwa, xa abantu abaninzi bengazi nokuba bakhulelwe.

Ngoko ke, ukuba ulindele umntwana, okanye ukwiminyaka yokuzala, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho malunga ne-folic acid. Ukuba uceba ukukhulelwa, cela ugqirha wakho akucebise nge-vitamin eyenzelwe ngokukodwa ukukhulelwa equlethe i-folic acid.

Abafazi abakhe baba nomntwana onesiphene se-neural tube kwaye belindele omnye umntwana banokufuna i-folic acid engaphezulu. I-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) icebisa ukuba uthathe i-4,000 micrograms (4 milligrams) ye-folic acid yonke imihla, uqale inyanga ngaphambi kokukhulelwa kwaye uqhubeke ukuya kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Nangona kunjalo, ayisiyongcinga ilungileyo ukuthatha i-folic acid eninzi kakhulu . Ke ngoko, qiniseka ukuba uqhagamshelana nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba wandise umthamo wakho we-folic acid.

Yintoni enye enokwenziwa ukunciphisa umngcipheko?

Ukongeza ekuthatheni i-folic acid, kukho nezinye izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-anencephaly:

• Ukuphepha amayeza athile aziwa ngokubanga iziphene zemithambo-luvo. (Thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto.)
• Ukuyeka ngokupheleleyo ukusela utywala.
• Ukugcina ubunzima bomzimba busempilweni kuwe.
• Ukuba unesifo seswekile, kubalulekile ukusilawula kakuhle.
• Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka.

Iyintoni imbono ye-iniencephaly?

I-Iniencephaly yimeko yemfuza entsonkothileyo kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, isiphumo sale meko asisoloko silungile . Ukukhulelwa okuninzi kuphelisa ukuphuphuma kwesisu okanye ukuzalwa komntwana eswelekile. Nokuba umntwana uzalwe ephila, kukho amathuba aphezulu okuba afe kwiiyure ezimbalwa.

Ukusukela ngo-2019, ziintsana ezisibhozo kuphela ehlabathini eziye zasinda ixesha elide nale meko i-iniencephaly. Ezine kwezi ziye zatyandwa, kwaye unyango luxelwe ukuba luphumelele. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuyinto engaqhelekanga.

Ungayicwangcisa njani i-pregnancy enempilo?

Ukuba ukwiminyaka yokuzala, kubalulekile ukuthatha ii-microgram ezingama-400 ze-folic acid imihla ngemihla, nokuba awuzami ukukhulelwa. Ngenxa yokuba malunga nesiqingatha sazo zonke izisu zokukhulelwa azicwangciswanga, iziphene ze-neural tube, kuquka i-anencephaly, zenzeka ngaphambi kokuba abantu abaninzi bazi nokuba bakhulelwe, kwaye i-folic acid inokuzithintela ezi zinto.

Abo baceba ukukhulelwa ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka babonane nogqirha baze bafumane iingcebiso ngaphambi kokuba bakhulelwe . Ngeli xesha lokubonana nogqirha, ugqirha wakho uza kujonga zonke izinto ezikubangela umngcipheko aze acebise amanyathelo onokuwathatha ukuze ukhulelwe kakuhle.

Ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule kweli bali zezi:

Kulungile, ngoko ke sinethemba lokuba unalo ulwazi malunga ne-Iniencephaly esithethe ngayo. Nangona le yimeko engaqhelekanga neyinkimbinkimbi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba siyiqaphele.

Khumbula, kubaluleke kakhulu kubo bonke abafazi abalindele abantwana ukuba bafumane i-folic acid eyaneleyo ngaphambi kokuba bakhulelwe kwaye kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa.

Oku kunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko weziphene ze-neural tube ezifana ne-iniencephaly. Kubaluleke kakhulu nokuphila ubomi obusempilweni, ukuphepha utywala nokutshaya, kunye nokulawula iimeko ezifana nesifo seswekile. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye amathandabuzo, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho. Baza kukunika iingcebiso ezifunekayo.

` Iniencephaly, isiphene sokuzalwa, isiphene setyhubhu ye-neural, i-folic acid, ukukhulelwa, ukuzalwa