IiParasites zamathumbu kunye nezinye iiParasites eziphazamisayo? Masifumanise ukuba ziyintoni kanye kanye!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ukhe uzive ungakhululekanga esiswini, uqunjelwa, okanye uzive ugcwele? Mhlawumbi awuqondi nokuba unobangela woku unokuba zizinambuzane ezincinci nezicaphukisayo ezihlala emathunjini akho. Nangona eli gama lisenokuvakala lisoyikisa xa uliva, ukuba unolwazi olufanelekileyo ngalo, asiyongxaki inkulu kuthi. Namhlanje, masithethe ngezi zinambuzane zamathumbu (`Iintestinal Parasites`).

Zithini ezi zinambuzane zamathumbu?

Ngamafutshane, iiparasite zamathumbu zizinto ezincinci, ezineseli enye ezihlala emathunjini akho. Iparasite sisidalwa esihlala emzimbeni wenye into (umninimzi) kwaye sifumana ukondliwa kunye nendawo yokuhlala kuloo mntu. Cinga ngaso njengeqela leeparasite ezivele zingamenywanga, zihlale emizimbeni yethu, ziphile ngokutya neziselo zethu.

Ezi zinambuzane zisebenzisa umzimba womninimzi ukuze zizale kwaye zizame ukufumana omnye umninimzi. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zinambuzane azisenzi nto ilungileyo . Endaweni yoko, zisibangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ezingathandekiyo, maxa wambi zide zibe neengxaki zempilo ezinzulu.

Zeziphi iintlobo zee-parasite ezi?

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeentsholongwane zamathumbu: iintshulube ezibizwa ngokuba yi-'Helminths' kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezineseli enye ezibizwa ngokuba yi-'Protozoa'.

IiHelminths (iintshulube ezidla izimuncu zamathumbu)

IiHelminth liqela leempethu ezidla ngokutya eziquka iimpethu ezahlukeneyo ezingqukuva (ezinomzimba ongqukuva) kunye neempethu ezisicaba (ezinomzimba ongqukuva). Nangona zikhula kakuhle ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu, azikwazi ukuzala ngaphakathi kwethu. Endaweni yoko, zibeka amaqanda, aphuma emizimbeni yethu kwindle yethu. Emva koko, xa abanye abantu bengazi bedibana nala maqanda (umzekelo, ngokutya ngezandla ezingcolileyo), ziba ngabanini bawo abatsha, kwaye uhlobo lwempethu luyaqhubeka.

Nazi ezinye zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zeempethu zamathumbu:

• Iipinworms (okanye i-enterobiasis): Ezi ziimpethu ezifana nentambo. Zidluliselwa ngokuchukumisa indawo apho amaqanda epinworm afumaneka khona aze awafake emlonyeni wakho. Amaqanda aqandusela emathunjini akho amancinci. Iimazi zibeka amaqanda ajikeleze i-anus ebusuku. Oku kunokubangela ukurhawuzelelwa ejikeleze i-anus . Ngoko ke, ukuba ukrwela loo ndawo uze uchukumise enye indawo ngaphandle kokuhlamba izandla zakho, amaqanda aya kudluliselwa apho, yindlela esasazeka ngayo. Oku kuxhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abancinci.

• Iimpethu ezingqukuva (`Ascaris` okanye `ascariasis`):Xa zijongwa ngemakroskopu, ezi zinambuzane zibukeka njengeempethu ezincinci. Zizala xa zidibana nomhlaba ongcolileyo kwaye ziginye amaqanda emhlabeni. "Umhlaba ongcolileyo" uthetha ukuba ilindle elinamaqanda eempethu lixutywe nomhlaba. Le meko inokubonwa kwiindawo apho zimbalwa izindlu zangasese kwaye abantu bayazikhulula ebaleni. Kwakhona, ezi zinambuzane ze-'Ascaris' zinokudluliselwa kwimifuno neziqhamo ezikhuliswe kusetyenziswa ilindle labantu njengesichumiso.

• Iimpethu ezibizwa ngokuba yi-whipworms (okanye i-trichuriasis): Ezi mpethu zifumene igama lazo ngenxa yokuma kwazo okufana nempethu. Njenge-Ascaris, iimpethu ezibizwa ngokuba yi-whipworms zidluliselwa ngokutya amaqanda afumaneka kumhlaba ongcolisiweyo.

• IiHookworms (Ancylostomiasis): IiHookworms zinentloko efana neehook. Le yindlela ezinamathela ngayo eludongeni lwamathumbu ethu kwaye zifunxa igazi. NjengeAscaris kunye neewhipworms, iihookworms zisasazeka ngomhlaba ongcolileyo. Umahluko apha kukuba amaqanda asemhlabeni akhula abe ziimbungu. Ukuba uhamba ngeenyawo emhlabeni , ezi hookworms zinokungena emzimbeni wakho ngesikhumba sakho.

• I-Strongyloides (okanye i-strongyloidiasis): Ezi ntshulube zidluliselwa ngokudibana nomhlaba ongcolileyo. Zingatyiwa ngomlomo, okanye zingene ngesikhumba xa zihamba zingenazihlangu. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye ii-helminth, i-Strongyloides inokuzala ngaphakathi kwisilwanyana.

• Iimpethu ezibizwa ngokuba ziitapeworms (okanye i-taeniasis): Ezi mpethu zinomzimba ofana neteyipu, ezahlulwe zibe ngamacandelo. Zihlala kwiindawo zokugaya ukutya zabantu nezilwanyana (iihagu, iinkomo, iintlanzi). Ukuba utya inyama yehagu engaphekwanga kakuhle, inyama yenkomo, okanye intlanzi, ungatya amaqanda okanye iimbungu. Okanye, ungafumana iitapeworms ngokuchukumisa indawo enamaqanda uze uwafake emlonyeni wakho.

• I-Trichinella (okanye i-trichinosis): I-Trichinella idluliselwa ngendlela efanayo ne-tapeworms. Le ngqukuva idluliselwa ngokutya inyama eluhlaza okanye engaphekwanga kakuhle evela kwisilwanyana esineentsholongwane (ngokuqhelekileyo iihagu).

• IiFlukes: Ezi zifo zeentshulube ezithe tyaba zinokufunyanwa ngokusela amanzi angcolileyo okanye ngokutya izityalo zasemanzini okanye iintlanzi ezisulelekileyo. Iintlobo ezihlala emathunjini ethu ziquka iFasciolopsis buski (ebangela i-fasciolopsiasis) kunye neHeterophyes (ebangela i-heterophysisis).

Izinto eziphilayo ezineseli enye (`Protozoa`)

Njengee-helminth, ezi zinto ziphilayo zineseli enye ezibizwa ngokuba yi-protozoa ziyasasazeka xa kutyiwa nokuba lincinci kangakanani na iqanda lazo. Zihlala zisasazeka ngamanzi angcolileyo okanye iziqhamo nemifuno engcolileyo. Nangona kunjalo, i-protozoa inokuzala ngaphakathi komntu.

Nazi ezinye zezona ntlobo zeprotozoa zixhaphakileyo:

• IGiardia (`Giardia` - oku kubangela isifo `giardiasis`)
• I-Entamoeba histolytica (ibangela i-amebiasis)
• I-Cyclospora (`iCyclospora` - oku kubangela i-`cyclosporiasis`)
• I-Cryptosporidium (`Cryptosporidium` - oku kubangela 'cryptosporidiosis`)
• Iintlobo zeBlastocystis (`iintlobo zeBlastocystis` - oku kubangela 'iBlastocystosis`)
• I-Cystoisospora belli (ibangela i-cystoisosporiasis)

Yeyiphi eyona ntsholongwane ixhaphakileyo?

Ngokutsho kweWorld Health Organisation (WHO), malunga nama-25% abantu behlabathi banosulelo lwe-intestinal parasitic. Eli nani lifikelela kuma-50% kwiindawo ezishushu nezishushu, apho ukufikelela kumanzi acocekileyo kunye nococeko kungafikeleleki khona. Usulelo lwe-intestinal parasitic oluqhelekileyo kwihlabathi liphela lusulelo lwe-roundworm (i-ascariasis). Luchaphazela abantu abamalunga nebhiliyoni kwihlabathi liphela.

E-United States, ezona zifo zixhaphakileyo zeprotozoan zezo zibangelwa yi-parasite iGiardia. Ii-Pinworms zezona zinambuzane zixhaphakileyo emathunjini apho. Ezi meko zinokubonakala nakwilizwe lethu kancinci, ingakumbi kwiindawo apho ucoceko lungabalulekanga kangako.

Zithini iimpawu zezi zifo zibangelwa ziincukuthu?

Ezinye izifo azibonisi zimpawu, ngoko ke usenokungazi nokuba une-parasite. Ukuba iimpawu ziyavela, oko ziya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwe-parasite osulelwe yiyo.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-parasites zamathumbu zezi:

• Urhudo - indle ekhululekileyo
• Intlungu zesisu
• Intlungu yegesi kunye negesi
• Ukudumba - ukudumba
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
• Ukurhawuzelelwa yimpundu ( ingakumbi ngenxa yeempethu)

Ingaba ezi zinambuzane ziyaphuma kunye nendle? Ngaba zingabonwa kwindlu yangasese?

Ngokwesiqhelo, amaqanda eempethu ezifunxayo aphuma kunye nendle, kodwa iimpethu ngokwazo aziphumi rhoqo. Amaqanda mancinci kangangokuba kufuneka abonwe ngemakroskopu.

Nangona kunjalo, iimpethu ze-tapeworm zahlukile kancinci. Ngamanye amaxesha amalungu omzimba wempethu ye-tapeworm, kunye namaqanda, anokudluliselwa esitulweni. Emva koko uya kubona iziqwenga ezincinci kwindlu yangasese ezibonakala ngathi ziinkozo ezimhlophe zerayisi ezinamathele esitulweni.

Zivela njani ezi zifo ezibangelwa ziincukuthu?

Indlela ezisasazeka ngayo iintsholongwane ingahluka ukusuka kwintsholongwane ukuya kwenye. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabantu lufumana iintsholongwane zamathumbu ngokutya amaqanda ezinambuzane adluliselwa kwindle. La maqanda mancinci kangangokuba usenokungazi nokuba uyawaginya.

Nazi ezinye iindlela onokufumana ngazo usulelo lwe-intestinal parasitic:

• Ukusela amanzi angcolileyo: Ukusuka kwimithombo yamanzi okusela karhulumente nawabucala, kumadama okudada, emilanjeni, emachibini, njl.njl.
• Ukutya ukutya okungcolisiweyo: Ukutya imifuno neziqhamo ezihlanjwe ngamanzi angcolileyo, okanye ukutya izinto ezikhuliswe kumhlaba ongcolileyo. Ingafumaneka nangokutya inyama eluhlaza okanye engaphekwanga kakuhle kunye nentlanzi equlethe i-parasite.
• Ukubeka iminwe yakho emlonyeni wakho: Amanye amaqanda ee-parasite angaphila kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo okwethutyana. Ungosuleleka ukuba uchukumisa indawo enjalo uze ufake isandla sakho emlonyeni wakho. Ngokuxhomekeke kwi-parasite, ezi ndawo zingabandakanya iingubo zokulala, uboya bezilwanyana zasekhaya, kwanolusu lomntu.
• Ukuhamba unganxibanga zihlangu emhlabeni ongcolileyo: Izibungu zezinye iimpethu zamathumbu zingangena emzimbeni wakho ngesikhumba sakho ukuba uhamba unganxibanga zihlangu emhlabeni apho zihlala khona.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuphuhlisa ezi zinto?

Umngcipheko wakho wokufumana usulelo oluvela kwi-parasite (nokusasaza kwabanye abantu) uxhomekeke kwindawo ohlala kuyo kunye nemikhwa yakho yemihla ngemihla.

Iintsholongwane zinokwenzeka kakhulu kwiindawo ezifana nezi:

• Iindawo ezinemozulu efudumeleyo nefumileyo: ingakumbi iindawo ezishushu nezishushu, ezifana ne-Afrika esezantsi kweSahara, i-Asia, iLatin America, kunye neCaribbean. (I-'Strongyloides' worm ixhaphake kakhulu kumzantsi-mpuma we-United States nakwiindawo zasemaphandleni zase-Appalachian.)
• Iindawo ezinezibonelelo zamanzi acocekileyo ezimbalwa.
• Iindawo apho kungekho zibonelelo zococeko zikawonke-wonke ezaneleyo.
• Iindawo apho abantu abaninzi bahlala khona bebuthene ndawonye.
• Iindawo apho abantu bahlala kufutshane nezilwanyana zasefama.

Le mikhwa inokunyusa umngcipheko wakho:

• Ukuya endle evulekileyo (ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezibonelelo zococeko zikawonke-wonke ezaneleyo).
• Ukusebenzisa ilindle lomntu njengesichumisi.
• Ukuhamba ngaphandle ngaphandle kweembadada kwindawo enobungozi obukhulu.
• Ukwabelana ngesondo ngomlomo okanye ngomthondo okanye ngomthondo kwindawo enobungozi obukhulu.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho zosulelo olubangelwa zizinambuzane?

Ukuba une-parasite eninzi, unokuba neempawu ezinzulu. Ukuba une-immune system ebuthathaka okanye ukhulelwe , usemngciphekweni omkhulu. Ngokuxhomekeke kwi-parasite, ukuba ayinyangwa, iingxaki ezifana nezi:

• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ( ngenxa yorhudo oluqatha)
• Ukungondleki kakuhle
• I-anemia yokunqongophala kwe-iron
• Ukuvaleka kwamathumbu
• I-Appendicitis
• Ukungena ngaphakathi (ukungena ngaphakathi kwamathumbu)
• I-Cholangitis
• I-Cholecystitis
• I-Pancreatitis
• I-Peritonitis (usulelo lwesisu)
• Ukukhupha isisu
• Ukuhla kwe-rectal
• Ukonakala kwamalungu omzimba ngaphakathi (ukuba intshulube ye-tapeworm iya engqondweni, emehlweni, entliziyweni, emiphungeni, okanye esibindini)

Ubabona njani aba kanye kanye?

Ugqirha wakho uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho aze akuhlole ngokwasemzimbeni. Emva koko, baza kwenza uvavanyo lwesitulo ukujonga amaqanda ee-parasite esitulweni sakho. Kwiimeko ezininzi, yiloo nto kuphela efunekayo.

Ezinye iimvavanyo zokuxilonga zezi:

• Uvavanyo lweteyiphu yeScotch™: Olu vavanyo lunokukunceda ubone ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho uneentshulube zepinworms. Iqhekeza leteyiphu enamathelayo libekwa kwi-anus yakho kwaye nawaphi na amaqanda anokuba akhona ayaqokelelwa. Ugqirha emva koko ujonga le teyiphu nge-microscope ukuze abone ukuba kukho amaqanda na.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokubonisa ukuba unenani eliphantsi leeseli ezibomvu zegazi (i-anemia) okanye inani elandileyo lee-eosinophils, uhlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi. Oku kungaba luphawu lwezinye izifo ezibangelwa zi-parasites. Ezinye iimvavanyo zibona izinto ezibizwa ngokuba zii-antigens okanye ii-antibodies. Ezi proteni zincinci zinokubonisa ukuba kukho i-parasites.
• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso: Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela i-X-ray, i-ultrasound, i-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), okanye i-CT scan (i-computed tomography scan) ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho iintshulube ezindala emathunjini akho.
• I-Colonoscopy: Olu vavanyo lunokubonisa umonakalo ngaphakathi kwamathumbu akho obangelwe lusulelo lwamathumbu.

Luluphi unyango lwale nto?

Ezinye izifo ziyaphela zodwa, kodwa abantu abaninzi kufuneka bathathe amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane amiselwe ngugqirha ukuze basuse iintsholongwane zamathumbu. La mayeza asebenza ngokunciphisa iintsholongwane, ayeke ukukhula kwazo, okanye abulale iintsholongwane okanye amaqanda azo. Amayeza athile owadingayo aya kuxhomekeka ekubeni leliphi igciwane onalo kunye nokuba iimpawu zakho zinzima kangakanani.

Amanye amayeza asetyenziswa rhoqo okulwa neentsholongwane:

• Ngeentshulube: `Pyrantel pamoate`
• Kwiintshulube zamathumbu ezithwalwa ngumhlaba: `Mebendazole` okanye `albendazole`
• Kwizifo zeprotozoal: `iMetronidazole`, `tinidazole` okanye `itrimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)`

Kuxhomekeke kumayeza, ungadinga ukuthatha idosi enye kuphela ukuze ucoce usulelo. Amanye amayeza angadinga ukuthatyathwa kanye okanye amaxesha amaninzi ngemini, ukusuka kwiintsuku ezintathu ukuya kwiiveki ezintathu. Amanye, njengamayeza okubulala iintshulube, afuna ikhefu elifutshane ngaphambi kokuba uphinde uwathathe. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha amayeza akho kanye njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuxelele.

Uza kuqaphela ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya kuphela emva kokuba iyeza lisuse i-parasite kunye namaqanda ayo.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva konyango?

Uninzi lweentsholongwane zamathumbu ziyafa ngokukhawuleza xa zisetyenziswa amayeza. Xa ezo ntsholongwane ziphelile, iimpawu zihlala ziphela.

Iintsholongwane zinokuba nzima ukuzinyanga ukuba unenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka okanye ukuba ukhulelwe. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ugqirha wakho uya kujonga ngononophelo ukuba unyango luyasebenza na kwaye nokuba i-parasite iyaphela na.

Ungazikhusela njani kwezi zifo?

Amanzi acocekileyo kunye neendawo zokucoca zizisombululo ezilungileyo zokuthintela uninzi lwezifo ezibangelwa zizinambuzane emathunjini.

Nangona kunjalo, ungazikhusela nakwizifunxi-gazi zamathumbu ngokwenza ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Sela amanzi acocekileyo. Kuphephe ukusela amanzi avela kumachibi, imilambo, kunye namachibi. Ukuba unamathandabuzo malunga nobunyulu bamanzi, sebenzisa amanzi asebhotileni.
• Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo. Sebenzisa amanzi acocekileyo kunye nesepha yokubulala iintsholongwane ukugcina izandla zakho zingenamaqanda eentsholongwane. Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, ngaphambi kokulungisa ukutya, ngaphambi kokutya, nasemva kokucoca emva kwabantwana abancinci (amanapkeni amdaka) okanye izilwanyana zasekhaya.
• Kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu, yitya imifuno neziqhamo ezilungisiweyo kakuhle kuphela. Kuphephe ukutya imifuno neziqhamo eziluhlaza ukuba ukwindawo apho kuxhaphake khona iintsholongwane zamathumbu. Yitya kuphela imifuno neziqhamo ezihlanjwe ngamanzi acocekileyo, ezixotyulweyo, zaza zaphekwa.
• Nxiba izihlangu kunye neeglavu. Ukunxiba izihlangu ezingavezi iinyawo zakho kunokunceda ekuthinteleni usulelo lwe-whipworm. Nxiba iiglavu ukuba usebenza ngomhlaba.
• Pheka inyama uze ulobe kakuhle de ifikelele kubushushu obufanelekileyo. Pheka inyama yonke enqunqiweyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-145 degrees Fahrenheit (62.8 degrees Celsius) uze ulobe inyama egayiweyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-160 degrees Fahrenheit (malunga nama-71 degrees Celsius).
• Ziqhelise ngesondo elikhuselekileyo. Sebenzisa ikhondom okanye idama lamazinyo ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokosuleleka.

Simele senze ntoni xa kukho usulelo?

Ngelixa usulelo luphola, yenza oku kulandelayo:

• Hlala unamanzi aneleyo emzimbeni: Sela amanzi amaninzi, iziselo zemidlalo, okanye umhluzi ukuze uthintele ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
• Fumana isondlo esaneleyo: Yitya ukutya okucocekileyo nokunesondlo kwaye ufumane isondlo osidingayo ngosuku. Ukuba uneengxaki zesisu, zama ukutya ukutya okuncinci endaweni yokutya ukutya okukhulu.
• Thintela ukosuleleka kwakhona ukuba kunokwenzeka:Amayeza anokunyanga usulelo lwangoku, kodwa akanakuthintela ukuhlaselwa zizifo kwixesha elizayo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuhlamba nokuhlamba iibhedi imihla ngemihla ngexesha lonyango (lweepinworms) kunokunceda ukuthintela ukuhlaselwa zizifo kwakhona. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukunxiba izihlangu kunye neeglavu rhoqo xa usebenza ngaphandle kunokunceda. Thatha amanyathelo okuthintela ukuhlaselwa zizifo kwakhona.

Ngawaphi amaxesha afanelekileyo okubonana nogqirha?

Ukuba uneempawu ze-intestinal parasite, ingakumbi ukuba uhlala kwindawo enobungozi obukhulu, ukhe waya kwenye, okanye ukrokrela ukuba ukhe watya ukutya okungaphekwanga kakuhle , qiniseka ukuba ubonana nogqirha wakho.

Kufuneka uye nini kwigumbi likaxakeka (ER)?

Ukuba uneempawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka ngokukhawuleza:

• Urhudo olunzima nolumanzi oluqhubeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
• Isiyezi.
• Ukudideka ngequbuliso.
• Intloko ebuhlungu .
• Ukuncipha kokuveliswa komchamo okanye umchamo omnyama.
• Ukudinwa.

Uninzi lwabantu lufumana iiparasite zamathumbu ngokutya amaqanda eparasite (ahlala efumaneka kwindle). Oku kunokukumangalisa. Sonke sicinga ukuba silawula ngokupheleleyo oko sikufaka emlonyeni wethu. Nangona kunjalo, oku akunjalo ngamaqanda eparasite. Mancinci kakhulu ukuba angabonwa ngamehlo enyama. Ukuba uthambisa amaqanda kwiminwe yakho, ungawasasaza emzimbeni wakho wonke, ekutyeni, kwaye ekugqibeleni emlonyeni wakho.

Kodwa, ukuqonda kubalulekile . Xa uqonda indlela ezisasazeka ngayo iintsholongwane zamathumbu, uya kucinga kabini ngokungahlambi izandla nokutya ukutya okungaphekwanga kakuhle. Ukuba unesifo, musa ukulibazisa ukubona ugqirha. Amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane anokunceda ukuphelisa ezi ndwendwe zingamenywanga emzimbeni wakho ngaphambi kokuba zikubangele naziphi na iingxaki zempilo.

Okokugqibela, yintoni ekufuneka uyikhumbule

Iintsholongwane zamathumbu yinto esingafanele siyityeshele, kodwa akufuneki soyike.

• Ucoceko lubalulekile. Izinto ezilula ezifana nokuhlamba izandla zakho kakuhle, ukusela amanzi acocekileyo, nokupheka ukutya ngendlela efanelekileyo zinokwenza umahluko omkhulu.
• Ukuba uneempawu , musa ukuzityeshela. Funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.
• Landela unyango olunikwe ngugqirha ngokuchanekileyo .
• Yabelana ngolu lwazi nosapho lwakho kunye nabahlobo . Ukuqonda yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela.

Ngoko ke, masizame ukuhlala sisempilweni, sikhumbula ezi zinto!

iintsholongwane zamathumbu, izifo zeempethu, iimpethu zesisu, usulelo lwee-parasites, ukuvavanywa kwendle, urhudo, ucoceko