Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya ebuchotsheni bakho kuyeka? (Ischemic Stroke) Masifunde ngakumbi ngayo.

Khawucinge ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya ebuchotsheni bakho kuyeke ngequbuliso? Yimeko eyingozi kakhulu. Siyibiza ngokuba yi-ischemic stroke . Le yimeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango enokuba yingozi kubomi. Le meko ibangela ukuba iiseli zengqondo zife, kwaye ukuba oko kuyenzeka, imisebenzi yomzimba elawulwa zezo seli inokulahleka. I-Ischemic Stroke ibandakanya malunga ne-80% yazo zonke izibetho emhlabeni. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba wena kunye nabantu obathandayo nikwazi oku.

Ngoko ke, zithini iimpawu ze-"Ischemic Stroke"?

Iimpawu ze-ischemic stroke zingahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinxalenye yengqondo echaphazelekayo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimpawu eziqhelekileyo:

• Ukuziva ngathi unesithukuthezi okanye ukhubazekile kwicala elinye lobuso okanye lomzimba.
• Ubunzima bokuthetha, okanye ukulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo lilizwi (i-Aphasia) .
• Intetho iba yinto engacacanga kwaye amagama awakwazi ukubizwa kakuhle (iDysarthria) .
• Ukungakwazi ukulawula izihlunu kwicala elinye lobuso.
• Kulungile ukulahlekelwa okanye ukuba mandundu ngequbuliso ivumba lakho, incasa, ukuchukumisa, okanye ukuva.
• Umbono ongaboniyo okanye umbono ophindwe kabini (iDiplopia) .
• Ukungakwazi ukulungelelanisa umzimba, ukungakwazi ukuqonda izinto kakuhle, kunye nokukhubeka (i-Ataxia) .
• Ndiziva ndinesizungu.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• Intamo eqinileyo.
• Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwimo yengqondo okanye ubuntu.
• Ndiziva ndididekile kwaye ndingaphumli.
• Ukuba nokuxhuzula.
• Ukukhumbula izinto ezingalindelekanga kukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo.
• Intloko ebuhlungu ngequbuliso.
• Ukulahlekelwa zingqondo nokuwa.
• Ukuwa kwi-coma.

Iimpawu zesilumkiso - khumbula UKUKHAWULEZA!

I-"Ischemic Stroke" inokuba neempawu ezahlukeneyo. Ukuze uqaphele ukuba into efana nale iyenzeka kuwe okanye kumntu omaziyo, khumbula la mazwi: KHAWULEZA .

• B - Ibhalansi: Jonga ukuba ulahlekelwa yibhalansi yakho ngequbuliso na.
• E - Amehlo: Khangela ukulahleka ngequbuliso kombono kwelinye okanye omabini amehlo, okanye naluphi na utshintsho embonweni.
• F - Ubuso: Ncuma uze ubone ukuba icala elinye lobuso liyagoba na .
• A - Iingalo: Phakamisa iingalo zombini. Jonga ukuba ingalo enye iyagoba ngendlela engaqhelekanga okanye ibonakala ibuthathaka.
• S - Intetho: Jonga ukuba intetho ayicacanga na okanye kunzima na ukufumana amagama achanekileyo.
• T - Ixesha: Ixesha libaluleke kakhulu - fowunela uncedo ngokukhawuleza (ukuba useSri Lanka, fowunela ku-1990)Ukuba kunokwenzeka, gcina iwotshi okanye ubhale ngefowuni ixesha eqale ngalo iimpawu zakho. Ukuxelela ugqirha wakho ngeli xesha kuya kumnceda ukuba akhethe unyango olulungele wena.

Yonke imizuzwana ibalulekile! Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unestroke, yiya esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokulibazisa.

Yintoni ebangela i-"Ischemic Stroke"?

Ngamafutshane, i-"Ischemic Stroke" yenzeka xa kukho into ephazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya engqondweni yakho. Oogqirha bayibiza le gama ngokuthi "Ischemia." "Ischemia" ithetha ukuba iiseli azifumani igazi elaneleyo kwaye ziyafa. Xa oku kusenzeka engqondweni, i-"Ischemic Stroke" yenzeka. Ngokuqhelekileyo, imbangela ephambili kukuqhekeka kwegazi.

Amahlwili egazi anokwenziwa ngale ndlela ngenxa yeemeko ezahlukeneyo zempilo. Eminye imizekelo yile:

• I-atherosclerosis kuxa imithambo yegazi incipha kwaye iqine, ithintela ukuhamba kwegazi. Kufana nothuli olubhajwe kumbhobho wamanzi.
• Iingxaki zokuqunjelwa kwegazi.
• I-Atrial fibrillation sisifo apho intliziyo ibetha ngokungacwangciswanga.
• Iziphene zentliziyo ezizalwa nazo ezifana nemingxunya entliziyweni (iziphene ze-Atrial septal okanye iziphene ze-Ventricular septal).
• Imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi- "Microvascular ischemic disease" inokwenzeka xa imithambo yegazi emincinci ebuchotsheni ivalekile.

Ziziphi iintlobo ze-`(Ischemic Stroke)`?

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-"Ischemic Stroke":

1. Ukubetha kwegazi ngemithambo yegazi: Oku kwenzeka xa igazi liqhekeka ngaphakathi kwengqondo . Oogqirha bayibiza le nkqubo ngokuba yi-thrombosis.

2. Ukubetheka kwemithambo yegazi: Oku kwenzeka xa ihlwili legazi (i-embolism) elenzeka kwenye indawo emzimbeni (ngokuqhelekileyo entliziyweni) lihamba ngemithambo yegazi lize lihlale kumthambo osebuchotsheni.

Masifunde nange "mini stroke" ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Transient Ischemic Attack - TIA)`

I-`(Transient Ischemic Attack)` okanye `(TIA)` ifana nestroke, kodwa iimpawu ziyaphela emva kwexesha elifutshane (ngesiqhelo kwiiyure ezingama-24) . Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-``mini-stroke``. Kodwa ungayiyeki kuba incinci. I-`(TIA)` idla ngokuba luphawu oluqinileyo lwesilumkiso ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke istroke enkulu nehlala ihleli . Kubalulekile ukuba umntu oye waba ne-`(TIA)` afune unyango olungxamisekileyo ngokukhawuleza.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuphuhlisa oku?

Nabani na unokuba ne-"Ischemic Stroke". Kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu. Ngaba:

• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala.
• Abantu abazalwa eAfrika (oku akubalulekanga kangako eSri Lanka, kodwa kulungile ukwazi).
• Abantu abatshayayo okanye abasebenzisa ezinye iintlobo zecuba okanye i-nicotine (ezifana nokutshaya i-vaping).
• Abantu abasebenzisa iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni.

Kwakhona, abantu abaneengxaki ezithile zempilo basengozini enkulu:

• Kwabo bane- high blood pressure (i-Hypertension) .
• Kwabo banezinga eliphezulu le-cholesterol egazini (i-Hyperlipidemia) .
• Kwabo baxhomekeke kutywala (`Ingxaki yokusebenzisa utywala`).
• Kwabo banesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini .
• Kukho izifundo ezibonisa ukuba abo babekhe baba ne -COVID-19 nabo basengozini ethile.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le nto?

Ugqirha uza kukuxelela ngokuqinisekileyo kuphela ukuba une-"Ischemic Stroke" emva kokuba unikwe "uvavanyo lwe-Neurological" kunye nezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi. Ukuba uziswa kwigumbi longxamiseko, oogqirha balapho banokukufumanisa oku.

Kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi onokuzenza ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukhe waba ne-"Ischemic Stroke":

• `(CT scan)` (CT scan): Oku kuthatha imifanekiso yengqondo.
• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG): Umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo uyajongwa.
• `(MRI)` (MRI): Oku kungathatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zobuchopho.
• I-Electroencephalogram (EEG): Ipateni yombane yobuchopho iyajongwa.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Jonga izinto ezifana neengxaki zokujiya kwegazi kunye namanqanaba eswekile.

Luluphi unyango lwale nto?

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo xa kunyangwa i-"ischemic stroke" kukubuyisela ukuhamba kwegazi engqondweni ngokukhawuleza . Oogqirha benza oku ngokukhawuleza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokonakala kwengqondo okusisigxina nokufa.

Iindlela zonyango olukhawulezileyo

Iindlela ezimbini zonyango ezisetyenziswa rhoqo zezi:

1. Unyango lweThrombolytic: La ngamayeza anciphisa igazi. Oogqirha badla ngokuwanika la mayeza kuphela xa iimpawu ziqala kwiiyure ezine ezinesiqingatha emva kwestroke . Oku kungenxa yokuba anokunyusa umngcipheko wokopha ngaphakathi okuyingozi.

2. Utyando lweThrombectomy: Le yinkqubo yotyando. Ugqirha ufaka ityhubhu encinci, ebhityileyo (i-catheter) emthanjeni kwenye indawo emzimbeni wakho (ngesiqhelo emqolo wakho) aze ayikhokelele kwihlwili legazi elisebuchotsheni bakho. Emva koko ihlwili liyatsalwa (njenge-'vacuum') okanye liqhekezwe libe ziingceba lize lisuswe.

Ezinye iindlela zonyango

Ungadinga ezinye iindlela zonyango ezifana nezi:

• Izinto zokunciphisa igazi: Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii-anticoagulants. Ezi mithi zithintela igazi lakho ukuba lingajiyi lula. Oogqirha banokukunika la mayeza emva kokuba ukhe wasebenzisa izinto zokunciphisa igazi.
• Unyango lweoksijini: Ngexesha lestroke, ingqondo ayifumani oksijini eyaneleyo. Ngoko oogqirha banokukunika isixhobo esidlula empumlweni yakho size sikunike oksijini eyongezelelweyo. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuphefumla kwaye kunceda ukubuyisela oksijini engqondweni.
• Ulawulo lweswekile egazini:Oogqirha bajonga rhoqo amanqanaba eglucose egazini lakho ukuze bancede ingqondo yakho ibuyele esiqhelweni.
• Ubushushu obuphantsi obungacwangciswanga ngabom: Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha banokunciphisa ubushushu bomzimba wakho ngokukhuselekileyo kancinci. Oku kunokunceda ukunciphisa umonakalo wengqondo ngexesha nasemva kwestroke. Nangona kunjalo, oku akwenziwa rhoqo, kuphela kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo.

Ngaba kufuneka siqaphele nonyango lokulungisa isifo se-stroke?

Unyango lokubuyisela abantu abanesifo sohlangothi (stroke) lubaluleke kakhulu emva kwestroke. Lukunika amandla amaninzi okujongana nobomi kwakhona. Lukunceda ukuba ulungelelane notshintsho olwenzeke engqondweni nasemzimbeni wakho ngenxa yestroke. Kusenokufuneka uphinde ulungelelane nezakhono zakho zangaphambili okanye ulungelelane nokuphila nokukhubazeka okutsha. Oku kungenziwa ngoncedo lweengcali ezahlukeneyo zonyango:

• Unyango lokuthetha: Oku kunceda ukuphucula izakhono zokuthetha, ulwimi, kunye nolawulo lwemisipha olukunceda ukuthetha, ukuphefumla, ukutya, kunye nokuginya.
• Unyango lomzimba: Oku kunceda ukuqinisa izihlunu, ukuphucula ulungelelwano, kunye nokusebenzisa kwakhona amalungu omzimba.
• Unyango lomsebenzi: Oku kukunceda ukuba wenze imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ngokukhuselekileyo, ingakumbi imisebenzi efuna iintshukumo ezintle (umz., ukuqhobosha ihempe, ukubhala).
• Unyango lwengqondo: Oku kunceda ukuphucula izakhono zengqondo ezifana nokukhumbula, ukunikel’ ingqalelo, kunye nezakhono zokusombulula iingxaki.

Singazikhusela njani kule `(Ischemic Stroke)`?

Ukugcina impilo entle yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo sohlangothi esibizwa ngokuba yi-ischemic stroke. Zama ukwenza ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Gcina uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi, amanqanaba e-cholesterol , kunye nazo naziphi na iimeko zempilo onokuba nazo (ezifana nesifo seswekile) zilawulwa kakuhle.
• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo (njengokutya kwaseMeditera, okunemifuno emininzi, iziqhamo, iimbotyi kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo) kwaye ugcine ubunzima obusempilweni obukufaneleyo.
• Yeka ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo kwaye uhlale kude neendawo apho uphefumla khona umsi wecuba.
• Zilolonge rhoqo. Nokuba yinto elula njengokuhamba imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku ilungile.
• Nciphisa okanye uyeke ngokupheleleyo ukusela utywala .

Bona ugqirha ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka (okanye rhoqo njengoko ugqirha wakho ecebisa) ukuze ahlolwe. Iimeko ezininzi ezinokukhokelela kwi-ischemic stroke zinokukhula ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye zibe mandundu ngaphandle kokuba uqaphele. Abantu abaninzi abanoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye ne-cholesterol ephezulu abanazo naziphi na iimpawu. Ugqirha wakho unokukunceda uchonge ezi mpawu zilumkiso kwangethuba, uzilawule, kwaye unciphise umngcipheko wakho we-stroke kwixesha elizayo.

Liyintoni ithemba lokuchacha?

Kunzima ukutsho izinga lokuchacha elifanelekileyo kumntu wonke. `(Ischemic Stroke)` inokuba yingozi kwaye ibangele ukukhubazeka okungapheliyo. Kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu onexesha elifanayo lokuchacha okanye ulindelo olufanayo. Okukhona unyango lufunyanwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona amathuba okuchacha aphezulu.

I-Ischemic stroke idla ngokuba neziphumo ezingcono kune-hemorrhagic stroke. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba ukuchacha kwakho kuya kuba lula, ngokukhawuleza, okanye ngcono.

Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphiliswa?

Umzimba womntu wonke usabela ngokwahlukileyo kwistroke. Oko unokukulindela ('iprognosis') kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:

• Luhlobo luni lwe-"Ischemic Stroke" owakha wanayo?
• Zeziphi iindawo zobuchopho bakho ezichaphazelekileyo?
• Indlela okhawuleze ngayo ukufumana unyango.
• Impilo yakho iyonke.

Uninzi lwabantu luyachacha emva kwestroke kwiinyanga ezimbalwa. Uninzi lokuchacha kwenzeka kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu zokuqala emva kwestroke. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu kunye nemiphumo emibi inokuhlala unyaka okanye ngaphezulu. Istroke inokubangela ukukhubazeka okusisigxina kunye notshintsho kwindlela osebenzisa ngayo umzimba wakho.

Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela into omawuyilindele. Uza kukunceda ubeke iinjongo zokuchacha kunye nolindelo olufanelekileyo kwimpilo yakho nakwimeko yakho.

Ndingazinyamekela njani emva kwestroke?

Ukuchacha kunye nokubuyisela impilo yakho emva kwestroke ngumsebenzi omninzi. Ukuzinikela kwakho kunye nenkxaso yosapho lwakho kubaluleke kakhulu. Nje ukuba wena nogqirha wakho niyile isicwangciso sonyango, silandele ngokusondeleyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

• Sela amayeza akho ngokuchanekileyo nangexesha, ingakumbi ukuba usela amayeza okunciphisa igazi. Oku kubalulekile ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi kwixesha elizayo, kwaye ukuthatha amayeza akho njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuxelela kuya kunceda umzimba wakho uphile.
• Qiniseka ukuba uyaya kwi-rehab yakho nakwezinye iindawo zonyango. Xelela iingcali zakho zonyango ukuba kukho into ekwenza uzive ungakhululekanga okanye ungakhuselekanga. Ukuvuselelwa ngumsebenzi onzima, kodwa akufuneki uhlale uneentlungu okanye ungakhululeki ngalo lonke ixesha.
• Cinga nangempilo yakho yengqondo. Ukudakumba kunye nokuxhalaba ziqhelekile emva kwestroke. Ukuziva ulusizi, uphoxekile, okanye unomsindo akuthethi ukuba ubuthathaka okanye woyisiwe. Ezo mvakalelo ziqhelekile. Impilo yakho yengqondo ibaluleke njengempilo yakho yomzimba. Ukuba unengxaki yokwenza isigqibo ngento ethile ngexesha lokuchacha kwakho, thetha nogqirha wakho okanye umcebisi wempilo yengqondo . Inokuba luncedo olukhulu.

Zeziphi ukutya neziselo endifanele ndiziyeke ?

Ugqirha wakho angakuxelela ukuba wongeze okanye ususe ukutya okuthile ekutyeni kwakho. Angakuxelela nokuba wenze utshintsho oluncinci kwindlela yakho yemihla ngemihla ukunceda ukulawula iimeko zakho zempilo, okanye ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nelinye ihlwili legazi emva kwe-ischemic stroke.

Ukutya neziselo ezihlala zicetyiswa ukuba zisuswe okanye zincitshiswe zezi:

• Ukutya okunetyuwa eninzi (isodium). (ii-pickles, iintlanzi ezomisiweyo, iisosi, ukutya okupakishwe kwiipakethe)
• Ukutya okuneswekile eninzi (iziselo ezineswekile, iikeyiki, iibhisikithi, itofi)
• Ukutya okucutshungulwe kakhulu ( njengeesoseji, iham, iibhola zenyama)
• Ukutya okuqhotsiweyo kunye nokutya okuqulethe amafutha e-trans (ii-French fries, ezinye iintlobo ze-margarine)
• Utywala.
• Ukutya kakhulu i-caffeine (kungcono ukunciphisa iti nekofu kwiikomityi ezimbalwa ngosuku)

Ndiza kufuneka ndiye nini kwakhona kwinkonzo yokhathalelo olungxamisekileyo?

Ukuba uziva ngathi uphinda ube nestroke (njengoko kuchaziwe kwi- BE FAST ) fowunela u-911 (inkonzo ye-ambulensi yongxamiseko) ngoko nangoko, okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane. Umngcipheko weengxaki ezinkulu nokufa uphezulu ngakumbi ukuba uphinde waba nestroke. Musa ukulibazisa ukufuna uncedo okanye ukuya kwigumbi likaxakeka.

Umntu oye waba nesifo sohlangothi esibizwa ngokuba yi-ischemic stroke usengozini enkulu yokufumana iingxaki ezinzulu ngakumbi. Umzekelo:

• Ukukrala kwemiphunga
• Amahlwili egazi kwimithambo enzulu yemilenze (Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT)
• Ukubethelwa kweMiphunga
• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
• Ukuxhuzula

Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu zezi ngxaki (umz., ubunzima bokuphefumla, iintlungu zesifuba, ukudumba emlenzeni), kufuneka utsalele umnxeba iinkonzo zongxamiseko okanye uye kwigumbi longxamiseko ngokukhawuleza.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Xa ubona ugqirha wakho, ungalibali ukubuza le mibuzo:

• Yintoni eyabangela ukuba ndibe nesifo sohlangothi?
• Zeziphi izinto ezilungileyo endinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nestroke kwakhona?
• Ngaba oku kuya kuba nefuthe kum ixesha elide?
• Ndiza kuyidinga ixesha elingakanani i-rehabilitation (`i-Stroke rehab`)?
• Zeziphi iinguqu ekufuneka ndizenze ebomini bam bemihla ngemihla (ukutya, ukuzilolonga, ukuzilolonga)?

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Istroke inokuba sisiganeko esoyikekayo nesitshintsha ubomi. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela istroke ye-ischemic kukubona iimpawu ezilumkisayo zestroke kwaye ulawule izinto ezikubangela umngcipheko ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke. Bona ugqirha wakho ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka kwaye ufumane uncedo lokulawula naziphi na iimeko ezinyusa umngcipheko wakho westroke (ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile, okanye i-cholesterol).

Ukuba unestroke, ungaziva ngathi ihlabathi lakho lonke litshintshile. Kodwa usenguwe. Ukuchacha kunye nokuvuselelwa ngumsebenzi onzima, kwaye kunokuba luhambo olude. Ezinye iintsuku zinokuba nzima kunezinye. Kodwa ungalibali ukubhiyozela uloyiso oluncinci onalo, izigaba ofikelele kuzo. Awuwedwa, kwaye unosapho, abahlobo, oogqirha, kunye neengcali zonyango abanokukunceda.

` Istroke, istroke ye-ischemic, ukujiya kwegazi engqondweni, iimpawu, KHAWULEZA, unyango lwestroke, ukuthintela istroke