Ngaba uyayazi iCancer yezintso? Masithethe ngayo!

Ngaba wakha waphawula intlungu engapheliyo kwelinye icala lomzimba wakho, ingakumbi kwindawo yempumlo, okanye igazi kumchamo wakho? Ngamanye amaxesha asizihoyi kakhulu ezi zinto, kodwa zinokuba luphawu lwengxaki yezintso. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko enokuba yingozi ngakumbi, umhlaza wezintso. Musa ukoyika, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi oku.

Yintoni umhlaza wezintso?

Ngamafutshane, umhlaza wezintso kuxa iiseli kwizintso zakho ziqala ukukhula ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwaye zingalawuleki. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi seli zahlulahlula ngokungaqhelekanga ziyadibana zenze ithumba. Umhlaza uqala xa ezi seli zitshintsha ngesizathu esithile kwaye ziqala ukwahlukana ngendlela engalawulekiyo.

Ithumba elibi elifana neli linokuba yingozi kuba linokusasazeka ngaphaya kwezintso liye kwizicubu ezikufutshane nakwezinye izitho ezibalulekileyo. Oku kusasazeka komhlaza kwamanye amalungu omzimba kubizwa ngokuba yi-metastasis.

Ngubani onokuthi abe nomhlaza wezintso?

Xa kufikwa kumhlaza wezintso, uxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-65 ukuya kwengama-74 ubudala. Kukwafunyaniswe ukuba amadoda anamathuba aphindwe kabini okufumana esi sifo kunabasetyhini. Kukwabikwa ukuba sixhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwamaqela athile eentlanga.

Nangona kunjalo, umhlaza wezintso awuqhelekanga kakhulu ebantwaneni abancinci. Nangona kunjalo, kukho uhlobo lomhlaza wezintso olubizwa ngokuba yi-`(Wilms tumor)` olufumaneka ebantwaneni. Umzekelo, eMelika kuphela, malunga nabantwana abangama-500-600 bahlushwa yile `(Wilms tumor)` minyaka le.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zomhlaza wezintso?

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza wezintso. Makhe sijonge ezona ziphambili:

• I-Renal cell carcinoma (RCC): Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wezintso kubantu abadala. Lubandakanya malunga ne-85% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza wezintso. I-RCC idla ngokukhula njengethumba elinye kwintso enye, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha inokuchaphazela zombini izintso. Lo mhlaza uqala kwiiseli ezikwiityhubhu ezincinci (iityhubhu) kwizintso ezibuyisela izondlo kunye nolwelo egazini. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-RCC yi-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

• Umhlaza weeseli eziguqukayo: Olu hlobo lomhlaza lubangela i-6% ukuya kwi-7% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza wezintso. Lo mhlaza udla ngokuqala apho i-ureter yakho idibana khona nenxalenye ephambili yezintso zakho. Le ndawo ibizwa ngokuba yi-renal pelvis. I-Transitional cell carcinoma inokukhula nakwi-ureters okanye kwisinyi sakho.

• I-Sarcoma yezintso:Olu lolona hlobo lomhlaza wezintso lungaqhelekanga. Lubangela i-1% kuphela yomhlaza wezintso. Luqala kwizicubu ezidityanisiweyo zezintso. Ukuba alunyangwa kakuhle, lunokusasazeka kwizitho zomzimba namathambo akufutshane.

• I-Wilms tumor: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wezintso kubantwana abancinci, lubangela malunga ne-5% yomhlaza wezintso.

Uxhaphake kangakanani umhlaza wezintso?

Kwamanye amazwe kwihlabathi liphela, njenge-United States, umhlaza wezintso umalunga ne-3.7% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza. Oku kuthetha ukuba amawaka abantu afunyaniswa enesifo minyaka le. Umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wezintso uyanda njengoko abantu bekhula.

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza wezintso?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, umhlaza wezintso awubonisi zimpawu zicacileyo kwizigaba zokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ithumba likhula, iimpawu ziqala ukubonakala. Yiyo loo nto umhlaza wezintso udla ngokufunyaniswa emva kokuba usasazeke kancinci.

Iimpawu zomhlaza wezintso zingabandakanya:

• Igazi elisemchameni (i-hematuria): Igazi lisenokubonakala emehlweni, okanye lisenokuba lithontsi elincinci legazi elifunyanwa ngexesha lovavanyo lomchamo.
• Ukuziva iqhuma okanye ukudumba kwindawo yezintso (kumacala omabini esinqeni).
• Intlungu yesifuba: Oku kunokuba yintlungu engapheliyo.
• Ukuhlala uziva udiniwe kakhulu .
• Ukuziva ungonwabanga ngokubanzi.
• Ukulahlekelwa yintliziyo .
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu .
• Umkhuhlane ongapheliyo ophantsi.
• Intlungu yamathambo ( ukuba umhlaza usasazeka).
• Igazi elonyukayo .
• I-anemia (ukungabikho kwegazi).
• Amanqanaba aphezulu e-calcium egazini .

Khawucinge nje, ukuba sele unamava olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu kangangexesha elithile, kubaluleke kangakanani ukubona ugqirha ngaphandle kokuzityeshela.

Zithini izizathu eziphambili zomhlaza wezintso?

Isizathu esichanekileyo somhlaza wezintso asikaziwa okwangoku. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezinobungozi eziye zachongwa ezonyusa umngcipheko wokufumana esi sifo. Nazi:

• Ukutshaya: Abantu abatshayayo basengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza wezintso. Kwakhona, okukhona umntu etshaya ixesha elide, kokukhona umngcipheko uphezulu.
• Ukutyeba kakhulu: Okukhona unamafutha amaninzi emzimbeni, kokukhona umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza wezintso uphezulu.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu): Kufunyaniswe ukuba abantu abanoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu nabo basengozini enkulu yomhlaza wezintso.
• Imbali yosapho: Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nomhlaza wezintso, nabanye banokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nawo.
• Unyango ngemitha: Ukuba abafazi baye bafumana unyango ngemitha yomhlaza wenkqubo yokuzala, kunokubakho umngcipheko omncinci wokuba nomhlaza wezintso.
• Utshintsho kwizakhi zofuzo/iinguqu: Iizakhi zofuzo zixelela iiseli zethu indlela yokusebenza. Utshintsho kwezinye izakhi zofuzo lunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wezintso.
• Unyango lwe-dialysis yexesha elide: I-Dialysis yindlela yokucoca igazi ngomatshini okhethekileyo xa izintso zingasasebenzi kakuhle. Kukwakho neengozi kwabo bafumana olu nyango ixesha elide.
• I-Tuberous sclerosis complex: Le yimeko ebangela ukuxhuzula, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, kunye neethumba kwizitho ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Aba bantu bakwasengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza wezintso.
• Isifo sikaVon Hippel-Lindau (VHL): Esi sisifo esizuzwe njengelifa. Abantu abanale sifo banomngcipheko omkhulu wokuba nomhlaza wezintso. Esi sifo sibangela ukuba kubekho iithumba ezingezizo umhlaza kwimithambo yegazi kwiindawo ezifana namehlo nengqondo.

Ingakanani ingozi yesifo sezintso?

Iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwethumba. Ezinye iithumba zezintso azinawo umhlaza (ezingenobungozi/ezingenamhlaza). Ezi zihlala zincinci kuneethumba ezinomhlaza kwaye azisasazeki kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Unyango oluqhelekileyo lwezi thumba zingenamhlaza kukususwa ngotyando.

Nangona kunjalo, nokuba ithumba lakho lezintso lingumhlaza okanye akunjalo, kungcono ukuqala unyango ngokukhawuleza ukuze kuthintelwe iingxaki.

Ufunyaniswa njani umhlaza wezintso?

Ukuba uneempawu zomhlaza wezintso, ugqirha wakho uya kuqala abhale imbali epheleleyo yezonyango aze enze uvavanyo lomzimba. Emva koko, baya kuyalela iimvavanyo ezithile ukuze bafumane ukuba unomhlaza na, kwaye ukuba ukho, ukuba ukwinqanaba elingakanani na. Ezi mvavanyo ziquka:

• Uvavanyo lomchamo: Kuthathwa isampulu yomchamo wakho ize ihlolwe igazi. Olu vavanyo lunokufumanisa nokuba ligazi elincinci kakhulu ukuba lingabonwa ngamehlo enyama.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lubala iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli egazini, kunye nee-electrolytes ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni. Olu vavanyo lwegazi lunokufumanisa ukubalwa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi eziphantsi (i-anemia) okanye iingxaki zokusebenza kwezintso ngokulinganisa amanqanaba e-creatinine.
• I-CT scan: Olu luvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwe-X-ray. Ikhompyutha isetyenziselwa ukuthatha imifanekiso emininzi enqamlezileyo (iziqwenga) zangaphakathi komzimba. Rhoqo, ulwelo olukhethekileyo (umahluko we-intravenous / idayi) lufakwa emthanjeni ngexesha lovavanyo. Nangona kunjalo, olu dayi alunakunikwa abantu abangasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso.
• I-MRI scan (Magnetic resonance imaging - MRI): Oku kusebenzisa imagnethi enkulu, amaza erediyo, kunye nekhompyutha ukuthatha imifanekiso yangaphakathi lomzimba.
• Iskeni ye-ultrasound: Olu vavanyo lusebenzisa amaza esandi asebenza rhoqo ukwenza imifanekiso enokubukwa kwisikrini. Oku kuluncedo ekufumaneni iithumba ezixineneyo ezahlukeneyo kunezicubu eziphilileyo.
• I-biopsy yobunzima bezintso: Kule nkqubo, kufakwa inaliti encinci eluswini kwindawo yethumba kwaye kuthathwa isampuli encinci yezicubu (i-'biopsy'). Ingcali yezifo ijonga izicwili phantsi kwe-microscope ukuze ibone ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, olu vavanyo lwe-'biopsy' lomhlaza wezintso alusoloko luchanekile ngokupheleleyo, ngoko ugqirha wakho unokulucebisa okanye angalucebisi olu vavanyo.

Zithini izigaba zomhlaza wezintso?

Uninzi lwemihlaza luhlelwa ngokwezigaba. Oku kunika inkcazo yomhlaza, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukucwangcisa unyango. Isigaba somhlaza simiselwa ngoku kulandelayo:

• Indawo yethumba kunye nobukhulu balo.
• Ubungakanani bochaphazeleko lwee-lymph nodes. (Ii-lymph nodes zifana "nezihluzo" ezincinci ezibamba iintsholongwane, iiseli zomhlaza, kunye nokugcina iiseli ezilwa nosulelo.)
• Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani kwezinye izicwili kunye namalungu omzimba.

Ugqirha wakho usebenzisa ulwazi oluvela kuvavanyo olufana ne-CT, i-MRI, kunye ne-biopsy ukuze afumanise inqanaba lomhlaza.

• Inqanaba lokuQala: Ithumba limalunga neesentimitha ezisi-7 (cm) okanye ngaphantsi. Likwizintso kuphela. Alikasasazekanga kwii-lymph nodes okanye kwezinye izicwili.
• Inqanaba lesiBini: Ithumba likhulu kuneesentimitha ezisi-7, kodwa lisaphelele kwizintso. Alikasasazeki kwiindawo ze-lymph nodes okanye kwezinye izicwili.
• Inqanaba lesi-3: Ithumba lisasazeke kwimithambo yegazi emikhulu - umthambo wezintso kunye ne-inferior vena cava - okanye kwizicubu ezijikeleze izintso okanye ii-lymph nodes ezikufutshane.
• Inqanaba lesi-4: Ithumba lisasazeke ngaphaya kwezintso, liye kwi-adrenal gland yakho (idlala elincinci eliphezu kwezintso), okanye liye kwii-lymph nodes ezikude okanye kwezinye izitho zomzimba.

Ukongeza kwezi zigaba, iithumba nazo ziyahlolwa ngokwemigangatho . Olu luvavanyo lokuba iiseli ezikwithumba aziqhelekanga kangakanani. Olu vavanyo lukwaxelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ithumba likhula ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Iithumba ezingabonakali njengeeseli eziqhelekileyo kwaye zineeseli ezahlukana ngokukhawuleza zibizwa ngokuba ziithumba eziphezulu . Ezi zikhula kwaye zisasazeke ngakumbi kuneethumba ezisezantsi.

Unyangwa njani umhlaza wezintso?

Unyango lomhlaza wezintso luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba kunye nenqanaba lesimila, kunye nobudala bakho kunye nempilo yakho iyonke. Iindlela zonyango ziquka utyando, ukususwa kwezicubu, unyango lwemitha, unyango ngamayeza ajoliswe kuwo, unyango lwe-immunotherapy, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha i-chemotherapy.

Utyando

Utyando lolona nyango luphambili kwizigaba ezininzi zomhlaza wezintso. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zotyando:

• Utyando lokususa inxalenye ye-nephrectomy: Ugqirha ususa kuphela inxalenye yezintso zakho equlethe ithumba.
• Utyando lwe-radical nephrectomy: Ugqirha ususa yonke intso yakho kunye nenxalenye yezicubu ezijikeleze yona. Amanye ama-lymph nodes akule ndawo nawo anokususwa.

Xa kususwe intso enye, intso eseleyo idla ngokukwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wezintso zombini. Ayimangalisi loo nto?

Ukususwa: Ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza ngobushushu okanye umkhuhlane

Ngamanye amaxesha, ubushushu nokubanda kunokusetyenziswa ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Ukususwa kwe-cryoablation okanye i-radiofrequency ablation kunokuba luncedo kubantu abangafanelekanga utyando.

• Ukucoca: Kolu nyango, ugqirha wakho ufaka inaliti eluswini lwakho kwithumba lezintso. Emva koko, kusetyenziswa umoya obandayo kakhulu ukukhenkceza iiseli zomhlaza.
• Ukususwa kwee-radiofrequency: Kule nkqubo, ugqirha ufaka inaliti eluswini kwithumba lezintso. Emva koko, umbane uthunyelwa ngeeseli zomhlaza ukuze uzitshabalalise.

Unyango lweMisebe

Ukuba unentso enye kuphela, okanye ukuba awungomntu ufanelekileyo wotyando, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa unyango ngemitha. Unyango ngemitha ludla ngokusetyenziswa ukunciphisa iimpawu zomhlaza wezintso, ezifana neentlungu.

Unyango olujoliswe kumayeza

Unyango olujoliswe kumayeza lusebenza ngokuthintela iimpawu ezithile ezinceda ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza. Umzekelo, la mayeza anokuthintela ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emitsha okanye iiproteni ezondla umhlaza.

Unyango olujoliswe kumayeza ludla ngokusetyenziswa xa utyando lungenzeki. Kwezinye iimeko, la mayeza anikwa emva kotyando ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokubuya komhlaza.

Unyango lwe-immunotherapy

I-immunotherapy lunyango olusebenzisa amayeza athile ukuvuselela inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba. Oku kuvumela umzimba wakho ukuba uqaphele kwaye utshabalalise iiseli zomhlaza ngempumelelo. I-immunotherapy inokunikwa njengonyango olunye okanye idityaniswe notyando.

Unyango ngamakhemikhali

I-Chemotherapy ayilonyango oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza wezintso. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko - ngokuqhelekileyo emva kokuba unyango lwe-immunotherapy kunye nonyango olujoliswe kumayeza luzanyiwe - lunokuba luncedo. Amayeza e-chemotherapy anikwa njengeepilisi ezithathwa ngomlomo okanye ngemithambo. Ezi zihlala zinyamezelwa kakuhle ngaphandle kwemiphumo emibi.

Yintoni onokuyilindela ukuba unomhlaza wezintso?

Uqikelelo lwakho lomhlaza wezintso luxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza (oko kukuthi, nokuba uphelele kwizintso okanye usasazeke kwezinye iindawo zomzimba). Amathuba akho okuchacha axhomekeke kwimpilo yakho ngokubanzi.

Ngaba umhlaza wezintso unganyangeka?

Njengeminye imihlaza, umhlaza wezintso unyangeka kakhulu ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba. Umhlaza wezintso uhlala unyangeka ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba, ngaphambi kokuba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya komaleko ongaphandle wezintso.

Ngaba umhlaza wezintso ungathintelwa?

Ngenxa yokuba unobangela ochanekileyo womhlaza wezintso awaziwa, akukho ndlela yokuwuthintela ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ungawunciphisa umngcipheko wakho ngokungatshayi nokulawula iimeko ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile kunye nokutyeba kakhulu.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

Ukuba uneempawu zomhlaza wezintso, ezinje ngentlungu kwelinye icala lomzimba wakho, iqhuma elivakala ngathi liqhuma elisezintsoni zakho, okanye igazi emchameni wakho, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko. Ugqirha wakho unokwenza uvavanyo lokufumana unobangela weempawu zakho aze enze isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ukufunda okuninzi kangangoko unako malunga nokuxilongwa komhlaza wezintso kuya kukunika amandla kwaye kukuncede wenze izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nonyango lwakho. Nazi ezinye zemibuzo onokuzibuza ugqirha wakho:

• Loluphi uhlobo lomhlaza wezintso endinalo?
• Iphi ithumba?
• Ingaba umhlaza ukwizintso kuphela, okanye usasazekile?
• Leliphi inqanaba lomhlaza wezintso endinalo?
• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango endinazo?
• Ithini ingxelo yokugula kwam?

Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika, ulusizi, kwaye udanile xa ufunyaniswa ukuba unomhlaza wezintso. Njengeminye imihlaza, umhlaza wezintso usebenza kakhulu xa ufunyaniswa kwangethuba. Ugqirha wakho angathetha nawe malunga nonyango lwakho aze akunike izixhobo ezongezelelweyo zokukunceda uqonde ukhetho lwakho. Ukuba unako, joyina iqela lenkxaso lasekuhlaleni okanye ucele uncedo kumcebisi okanye kubasebenzi bentlalontle. Ezi zinto zinokukunceda uhlale uphilile engqondweni ngeli xesha linzima.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngoko ke, sithethe kakhulu ngomhlaza wezintso namhlanje, akunjalo? Musani ukoyika, ukuqonda yeyona nto inamandla amakhulu.

• Okokuqala, qaphela iimpawu. Ukuba uneempawu ezingapheliyo ezifana negazi kumchamo wakho, iintlungu ezisezantsi komqolo, ukungabi namdla wokutya, okanye ukwehla kobunzima bomzimba, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha.
• Umhlaza wezintso unyangeka lula xa ufunyenwe kwangethuba. Ngoko ke ungoyiki ukuvavanywa.
• Ukuphepha ukutshaya, ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni, nokulawula izifo ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nesifo seswekile kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wezintso.
• Ukuba ufunyaniswe unesi sifo, eyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza kukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho uze ukhethe indlela yonyango ekufaneleyo.

Khumbula, awuwedwa. Ngolwazi oluchanekileyo kunye nenkxaso, ungamelana nale meko.

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