Ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci akabajongi abanye abantu emehlweni? Okanye uchitha iiyure ezininzi ephethe into efanayo okanye esenza into efanayo? Kule mihla, xa abazali abaninzi bebona into efana nale, uloyiko olufika engqondweni ngokukhawuleza kukuba, "Owu, ngaba umntwana wam une-autism ?" Kuba, i-autism, eyayingaze ibonwe kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini okanye amashumi amathathu eyadlulayo, ithethwa ngayo yonke indawo namhlanje. Yiyo loo nto kufanelekile ukoyika nokuba ubona umahluko omncinci kumntwana. Kodwa, ngaba yonke into ebonakala njenge-autism yi-autism ngokwenene? Makhe sithethe ngayo namhlanje.
Okokuqala, yintoni i-autism?
Ngamafutshane, i-autism ayisosifo, yimeko ethile. Ngokwezonyango, siyibiza ngokuba yi-autism spectrum disorder, okanye i-'Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).' Yimeko enxulumene nophuhliso lobuchopho bethu, okanye 'uphuhliso lwe-neuro.' Oku kunokuchaphazela izakhono zonxibelelwano zomntwana (indlela abathetha ngayo, indlela abanxibelelana ngayo) kunye nobudlelwane bentlalo (indlela abasebenza nabadlala ngayo nabanye).
Igama elithi "spectrum" lisetyenziswa kuba imeko yahlukile kakhulu kumntu nomntu. Cinga ngayo njengomnyama. Njengokuba umbala ngamnye unombala wawo, uhlobo kunye nobukhulu beempawu kubantwana abane-autism zahluka kakhulu. Kwabanye abantwana, iimpawu azibonakali lula kangangokuba azibonakali lula nakubantu bangaphandle. Kwabanye, iimpawu zinokwenza kube nzima kubo ukusebenza kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukungacingi ukuba umntwana une -autism kuba nje eneempawu , njengoko kusenokubakho ezinye iimeko zonyango ezinokubangela iimpawu ezifanayo.
Ziziphi iimeko ezinokuphambaniswa ne-autism?
Enye ingxaki yokungafumani ngokuchanekileyo umntwana one-autism kukuba usenokungafumani unyango aludingayo kwimeko yakhe. Umzekelo, ukuba umntwana ukhubazekile ngenxa yemeko efana netyhefu yelothe, unyango olufanayo lwe-autism aluyi kusebenza. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuqaphela la mahluko.
Iimpawu zezi meko zinokufana kakhulu nezo ze-autism.
| Imeko yokungaqondi kakuhle | Iimpawu ezifana ne-autism | Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi |
|---|---|---|
| Intetho, ukuva, okanye ezinye izinto ezibangela ukulibaziseka kokukhula | Ukungathethi ngendlela efanelekileyo ngokweminyaka yabo, ukungabi nazakhono zokunxibelelana nabantu, ubunzima bokuqonda oko kuthethwa ngabanye. | Zininzi izizathu zokuba umntwana akhule kade. Oku kunokubangelwa zizifo ezifana nokuva, ukutyhefwa yilothe, kunye neDown syndrome. |
| Ukubonisa umdla omncinci okanye onzulu | Ukuba nomdla kakhulu kwinto enye (umz., iimaphu, ukubukela umlandeli ejikeleza). | Nangona oku kuqhelekile kubantwana abane-autism, olu phawu lodwa alukwenzi ukuba ube ne-autism. Ukuze ube ne-autism, kufuneka kubekho ezinye iimpawu, ezifana neengxaki zobudlelwane nabantu, ukongeza. |
| Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza okanye ubukrelekrele obuphezulu (i-Hyperlexia) | Ubuchule bokufunda ndisemncinci kakhulu, kodwa kunzima ukunxibelelana ngezimvo. | Ayingabo bonke abantwana abane-'Hyperlexia' abane-autism. Ezi meko zimbini zinokuphila ixesha elinye okanye zingabi njalo. Ke ngoko, akunakwenzeka ukufumanisa ngokusekwe kolu phawu kuphela. |
| Iingxaki Zokucubungula Imvakalelo | Ukungathandi izibane ezikhanyayo, ingxolo enkulu, okanye ukuchukunyiswa. Ukucaphuka okanye ukungathethi ngeli xesha. | Le yinto eqhelekileyo kubantwana abane-autism. Nangona kunjalo, iingxaki zeemvakalelo nazo zinokuba yimeko eyahlukileyo. Kwimeko ye-autism, ezinye iimpawu (umz., ukulibaziseka kokuthetha) nazo zinokubakho. |
| Iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zengqondo | Ukuphindaphinda into efanayo ngokugqithisileyo, ukurhoxa eluntwini, iingxaki zonxibelelwano. | Nangona ezi zinokubonakala ngathi yi-autism, zinokubangelwa zezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo. Imizekelo ibandakanya: I-Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), I-Avoidant Personality Disorder, I-Social (pragmatic) Communication Disorder, I-Reactive Attachment Disorder, kwaye, ngokungaqhelekanga, i-Schizophrenia ebantwaneni. |
| Iingxaki zeMfuzo | Ukukhula kancinci kwentetho, iingxaki zokufunda. | Ezinye izifo zemfuza (umz. iTuberous Sclerosis) zenzeka kunye ne-autism. Nangona kunjalo, iimeko ezifana ne-22q11.2 deletion syndrome zinokwenzeka ukuba zichongwe gwenxa njenge-autism kuba iimpawu zifana kakhulu. |
Ungalibali ukubuza ugqirha wakho ngezi zinto.
Ukuba unenkxalabo ngomntwana wakho, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha wabantwana . Ugqirha uza kuhlola ukukhula komntwana, ukuziphatha kwakhe, kunye nembali yakhe epheleleyo yempilo.
Emva koko, ukuba kukho i-autism erhanelwayo, ugqirha uza kukuthumela kwiqela leengcali. Eli qela linokuquka iingcali ze-neurologists, iingcali zengqondo, iingcali zengqondo, kunye neengcali zokunyanga intetho. Baza kusebenzisa iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuqwalaselwa ukuze babone ukuba umntwana une-autism okanye enye imeko.
Xa ubona ugqirha wakho, ungathandabuzi ukubuza le mibuzo:
- "Gqirha, ngaba uyijongile indlela umntwana wam aziva ngayo?" Ngamanye amaxesha iingxaki zokuva zinokubangela ukulibaziseka kokuthetha . Zingabhidaniswa lula ne-autism.
- "Ngaba kukho ezinye iimvavanyo esifanele sizenze?" Umzekelo, ukuba uhlala kwikhaya elidala kwaye ipeyinti iyaxobuka, ungacela ukuba kuhlolwe amanqanaba e-lead egazini lomntwana wakho.
- "Ndingabona ingcali ngale nto?" Ukuba ugqirha wakho uthi umntwana wakho une-autism, kodwa awukayiboni ingcali, efana nengcali yemithambo-luvo okanye ingcali yezifo zengqondo, cela ingcebiso. Kubalulekile ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya.
- "Nangona singaqinisekanga ukuba imeko injani, singaluqala unyango?" Ixesha elininzi impendulo ithi "ewe." Ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokudodobala kokukhula, ungaqala unyango nge-speech therapy, i-occupational therapy, okanye ezinye iindlela zonyango ngaphandle kokulinda ukufumanisa ukuba ingaba imbangela yi-autism.okanye uqeqesho lwezakhono zentlalo. Ezi ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kumzuzisa umntwana.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Autism ayisiyongxaki eneempawu ezininzi. Yimeko enokwahluka kakhulu kumntu nomntu.
- Kukho ezinye iimeko zempilo nezengqondo ezibonisa iimpawu ezifana ne-autism.
- Ungaze uzigqibele ngokwakho ukuba umntwana wakho une-autism ngokusekelwe kwinto oyifunda kwi-intanethi okanye oyivayo kwabanye. Ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kubalulekile.
- Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nokuziphatha komntwana wakho, cela ingcebiso kugqirha ofanelekileyo ngaphandle kokulibazisa. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ungathandabuzi ukufuna uncedo kwiqela leengcali.
- Ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nonyango olukhawulezileyo kunokunika umntwana wakho inkxaso ayidingayo ukuze aphile ubomi obuphumelelayo.
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