Ngaba unaso esi sifo singaqhelekanga? Masithethe ngeMicroscopic Polyangiitis (MPA)

Ngaba uhlala uziva udiniwe, unefiva engachazekiyo, kwaye unciphise umzimba ngenxa yeentlungu zamalungu? Nangona ezi zinto zinokubonakala ngathi zizinto eziqhelekileyo, ngamanye amaxesha into efihlakeleyo emva kwezi mpawu isenokuba sisifo esingakasiva kangako kwaye esifanele sikhathazeke kancinci ngaso. Namhlanje sithetha ngesifo esingaqhelekanga kodwa esibalulekileyo esifanele sisazi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-microscopic polyangiitis, okanye i-MPA njengoko oogqirha besibiza njalo.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni iMicroscopic Polyangiitis (MPA)?

Ngamafutshane, i-MPA yimeko apho imithambo yegazi emincinci nephakathi (imithambo yegazi) emzimbeni wethu ivuvukala, oko kukuthi, ivuvukala. Kwizonyango, sidla ngokubiza oku kuvuvuka kwemithambo yegazi ngokuthi 'i-vasculitis'. Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga.

Xa imithambo yegazi ivuvukala ngale ndlela, iqala ukonakalisa amalungu ahambisa igazi kuwo. Amalungu aphambili anokuchaphazeleka kwi-MPA zezi:

• Izintso
• Imiphunga
• Imiva
• Ulusu
• Amalunga (amalungu)

Yintoni i-'Vasculitis'? Ibangelwa yintoni?

Cinga ngenkqubo yemithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu njengenkqubo yemibhobho ethwala amanzi. Xa le mibhobho idumba okanye ivuvukala, kunokubakho iingxaki ezininzi.

1. Ukubuthathaka komthambo wegazi: Ngenxa yokudumba, udonga lomthambo wegazi luba buthathaka kwaye lunokudumba njengebhaluni. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-``(Aneurysm)``. Ngamanye amaxesha le ndawo ibuthathaka inokuqhuma ize iphume igazi kwizicwili ezingqongileyo.

2. Ukuncitshiswa kwemithambo yegazi: Enye into kukuba imithambo yegazi inokuba mxinwa ngenxa yokudumba ngaphakathi kuyo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ide ivaleke ngokupheleleyo. Emva koko amalungu afumana igazi kunye neoksijini kuloo mithambo yegazi aqala ukonakala. Njengokuba umthi ufa xa ungenamanzi.

Yiloo nto eyenzekayo kwi-MPA. Ngenxa yokuba imithambo yegazi emincinci iyachaphazeleka, yonakalisa amalungu omzimba abuthathaka anika igazi, njengezintso nemiphunga.

Ngubani ofumana esi sifo? Sibangelwa yintoni?

Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga. Ngokwezibalo, esi sifo sichaphazela abantu abaphakathi kwe-13 ne-19 kwizigidi zabantu emhlabeni. Sinokukhula nangaliphi na ixesha kwaye sibonakala sichaphazela amadoda nabafazi ngokulinganayo.

Isizathu esichanekileyo sesi sifo asikafunyanwa, kodwa oku kucacile:

• Lo asingomhlaza.
• Asisisifo esosulelayo.
• Akuqhelekanga ukuba sisifo esizuzwe njengelifa.

Uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba le yimeko ebangelwa kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo yomzimba yethu yokuzikhusela. Ngamafutshane, inkqubo yokuzikhusela, ekufanele ukuba ikhusele imizimba yethu, ngempazamo iqala ukuhlasela imithambo yegazi yethu. Yiyo loo nto ibangela oku kuqhambuka.

Zithini iimpawu zesifo se-MPA?

Ngenxa yokuba i-MPA ichaphazela amalungu amaninzi omzimba, iimpawu zingahluka kakhulu, kwaye zinokuhluka kumntu nomntu.

Ugqirha uxilonga njani esi sifo?

Ukuchonga i-MPA akuyonkqubo yenyathelo elinye. Ugqirha kufuneka adibanise izinto ezininzi ukuze afikelele kwisigqibo.

• Uza kucelwa iinkcukacha: Ugqirha uza kumamela ngenyameko iimpawu zakho, indlela eziqale ngayo, kunye nembali yakho yezonyango.
• Uvavanyo lomzimba: Ugqirha wakho uza kuhlola umzimba wakho ukuze azame ukufumanisa ukuba zeziphi izitho zomzimba ezichaphazelekileyo.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi nomchamo: Uvavanyo lwegazi lukhangela ngokukodwa i-antibody ebizwa ngokuba yi-``(ANCA - Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies)``. Oku kunokuba luncedo kwizifo ezifana ne-MPA. Kwakhona, ukujonga umchamo ukuba uneproteni na kunye neeseli ezibomvu zegazi kubalulekile ukuze wazi imeko yezintso.
• Iiskeni: Ii-X-ray, ii-CT scan, okanye ii-MRI scans zisetyenziselwa ukujonga iingxaki kwizitho ezifana nemiphunga.
• I-Biopsy: Ukuba kurhanelwa ukuba isifo sikhona, kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci lezicubu kwindawo echaphazelekayo (umz., izintso, ulusu) lize lihlolwe nge-microscope. Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba unayo na i-vasculitis.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-MPA?

Eyona njongo iphambili yokunyanga i-MPA kukulawula ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo kwenkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba nokuthintela umonakalo kwimithambo yegazi. Amayeza okunciphisa umzimba asetyenziselwa oku.

Xa isifo sinzima

Ukuba amalungu aphambili anje ngezintso nemiphunga achaphazeleka kakhulu, ii-corticosteroids zihlala zinikwa kunye nelinye iyeza elinamandla lokuthintela amasosha omzimba elifana neCyclophosphamide (Cytoxan®) okanye iRituximab (Rituxan®).

Ukuba isifo asibi kakhulu

Kwiimeko ezingembi kangako, ii-corticosteroids kunye ne-methotrexate zingasetyenziswa kuqala.

Injongo yonyango kukulawula ngokupheleleyo isifo nokusenza singasebenzi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukungena 'kwi-remission'. Xa isifo silawulwa, ugqirha uya kunciphisa kancinci umthamo wee-steroids.

Amayeza anamandla afana ne-'Cyclophosphamide' anikwa kuphela de isifo silawuleke (malunga neenyanga ezi-3-6). Emva koko, utshintshelwa kwi-'Maintenance Medication', efana ne-'Azathioprine (Imuran®)` okanye i-'Mycophenolate Mofetil (Cellcept®)`, ukuze isifo silawuleke kwaye singabuyi. Olu nyango lolondolozo lunokufuneka luthathwe ubuncinane unyaka okanye emibini.

Ngaba nawe unoloyiko lokuthi, "La ngamayeza omhlaza, akunjalo?"

Abantu abaninzi banombuzo apha. Amayeza abizwa ngokuba yi-'Cyclophosphamide' kunye ne-'Methotrexate' nawo anikwa umhlaza, ngoko ke bathi la mayeza 'e-Chemotherapy'. Ewe, la mayeza anikwa nomhlaza. Kodwa idosi enikwa 'i-Vasculitis' iphantsi ngokuphindwe ka-10-100 kunedosi enikwa umhlaza. Apha, umsebenzi wala mayeza asikokubulala iiseli zomhlaza, kodwa kukulawula ukusebenza kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.

Buza kuba njani ubomi ngesi sifo?

Nangona i-MPA sisifo esinzima, ngonyango olufanelekileyo, uninzi lwabantu lunokuyilawula ngempumelelo le meko. Iziphumo ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni isifo sibi kangakanani na. Nangona kunjalo, ngokubanzi, abantu abangaphezu kwama-80% bayaphila kwaye emva kweminyaka emi-5 befunyaniswe benaso esi sifo.

Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kwangoko kunokunceda ukunciphisa umonakalo wamalungu omzimba. Kubalulekile nokuba uhlale unxibelelana nogqirha wakho rhoqo.

Emva kokuba isifo silawulekile, oko kukuthi, emva kokungena kwi-"Remission", ngamanye amaxesha sinokubuya. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-"Relapse". Malunga nama-50% ezigulana zihlangabezana nolu hlobo lokubuyela kwesi sifo. Ke ngoko, kufuneka wazise ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko malunga nazo naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha ozivezayo.