Ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci akadlali njengabanye abantwana? Ngaba uziva ngathi uyedwa kwihlabathi lakhe? Ngamanye amaxesha ubonakala engaphulaphuli xa sithetha, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha akajongi oko simbonisa kona. Ezi zinto zinokubangela inkxalabo enkulu, kwanoloyiko oluncinci. Kuqhelekile kakhulu. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngonyango lwamva nje olufumanekayo kubantwana abanjalo, olunokuphucula ubomi babo ngendlela emangalisayo.
Ngaba ungafundisa indlela yokudlala? - Ukumodela iividiyo
Khawucinge ngale meko. Kukho izinto zokudlala zikaBatman noRobin etafileni. Utitshala ubonisa ividiyo emfutshane yomntu ethatha ezi zinto zokudlala aze adlale ngazo ebalini elimnandi. Inkwenkwana encinci, malunga neminyaka emi-6 ubudala, ibukele le vidiyo ngomdla omkhulu. Ine-autism.
Xa ividiyo iphela, utitshala umbamba intloko ngothando aze amse etafileni ephethe izinto zokudlala. Ngoku kulindeleke ukuba adlale ngokuthetha iincoko ezifanayo nalezo azibonileyo kwividiyo.
Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuba yiVideo Modeling . Ngokwesiqhelo, abantwana badlala ngokwenza amabali ezingqondweni zabo baze basebenzise amathoyizi ngaloo ndlela. Kodwa abantwana abane-autism abazalwa benaloo khono. Ngoko ke, kufuneka bafundiswe indlela yokudlala ngaloo ndlela. Injongo kukuqonda le ngcamango kancinci kancinci baze ekugqibeleni baqhele ukudlala ngezinto ezingqondweni zabo, besebenzisa iingcinga zabo.
Yintoni le 'Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA)'?
Ukumodela ngevidiyo sisixhobo esinye esincinci kunyango lwe-autism. Konke oku kukwindlela ebanzi yonyango ebizwa ngokuba yi -'Applied Behavioral Analysis' . Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-ABA ngamafutshane. Oku koko kwamkelweyo ngoku 'njengomgangatho wegolide' kunyango lwe-autism kwihlabathi liphela.
Ngamafutshane, i-ABA yindlela yokufundisa abantwana izinto ezintsha nokuziphatha okuhle ngaphandle kokubajezisa, kusetyenziswa ukuqinisa rhoqo . Xa umntwana esenza into entle, uyavuzwa, anconywe, aze aboniswe uthando. Oku kunceda ukutshintsha ukuziphatha kwabo okungafanelekanga (umz., ukukhwaza, ukuzenzakalisa) kwaye kwakha izakhono ezilungileyo zentlalo kunye nezakhono zolwimi.
Phantsi kwale ndlela yonyango , umntwana ufundiswa izinto ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwizakhono zolwimi ezisisiseko ukuya kuqeqesho lwemfundo nolwemisebenzi. Le khosi yenzelwe ngokweminyaka yomntwana kunye nenqanaba lakhe.
Inyathelo elibalulekileyo elibizwa ngokuba yi-'Joint Attention'
Enye into entsha kukuphuhliswa kwengcamango 'yoNgqwalasela edibeneyo'. Eli linyathelo lokuqala elibaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni ubudlelwane nabanye. Khawuthelekelele, ukuba ngequbuliso ujonga ngefestile uthi, "Owu... jonga loo ntaka intle," umntwana oqhelekileyo uza kujonga nje apho ujonge khona. Kodwa umntwana one-autism uhlala engayinaki loo nto. Akayinaki into oyijongileyo okanye into oyicingayo.
Olu luphawu oluphambili lwe-autism. Ngoko ke ukuze kuphuhliswe olu buchule 'bokuQaphela okuHlangeneyo', iingcali zonyango zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, xa ingcali zonyango ijonga ithoyizi, ivula ithoyizi nge-remote control kuphela ukuba umntwana uyijongile. Emva koko umntwana ufunda ukuba xa omnye umntu ejonge, kukho into entle, kuyenzeka into emnandi.
Nangona ezi zinto zingabonakala ngathi zizinto ezincinci, zibalulekile ekwakheni izakhono zomntwana zentlalo .
Kutheni kubalulekile ukufumana uxilongo kwangethuba?
Uphando lubonise ukuba xa unyango olunjalo luqalwa ngokukhawuleza, iziphumo ziya kuba ngcono . I-Autism idla ngokuchongwa xa uneminyaka eli-18 ubudala.
Izazinzulu ngoku zizama ukubona ukuba uvavanyo lwegazi xa zizalwa lunokuyifumanisa na le meko kwixesha elizayo. Ezinye izifundo zifumanise umahluko omkhulu kwiiproteni ezithile kunye neeseli zomzimba egazini labantwana abane-autism kunye nabo bangenayo.
Enye ingcamango kukuba unyango alunakuqalwa kwangethuba kuphela, kodwa mhlawumbi ukuba kukho into ebangela i-autism, inokukhusela nomntwana. Kodwa ezi zisesekwinqanaba lophando .
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba i-autism ayisosifo esinye. Yimeko eza ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo, eneempawu ezahlukeneyo. Yiyo loo nto izazinzulu zisebenzisa igama elithi 'Autisms' endaweni yelithi 'Autism'. Wonke umntwana wahlukile.
Ezinye iindlela zonyango kunye namathuba exesha elizayo
Uphawu oluqhelekileyo olubonwa ebantwaneni abane-autism kukuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo. Amanye amayeza asetyenziselwa ukulawula ezi mpawu. Umzekelo, iidosi eziphantsi zeSelective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) ezifana neProzac zibonakalisiwe ukuba ziyayiphucula le ndlela yokuziphatha.
Kodwa oku kubaluleke kakhulu: amayeza akaze abe lolona nyango lodwa lwe-autism.Inikwa kuphela ukulawula iimpawu ezithile zomntwana (umz., ukungazinzi okugqithisileyo, ukuziphatha okuphindaphindwayo). Ifanele isetyenziswe kuphela kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango, ezifana nonyango lokuziphatha , njengenxalenye yendlela edibeneyo, kwaye phantsi kweliso logqirha ofanelekileyo.
Fumana umbono olula ngezi ndlela zonyango kwitheyibhile engezantsi.
| Indlela Yonyango | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Uhlalutyo Lokuziphatha Olusetyenziswayo (ABA) | Ukufundisa ulwimi, izakhono zentlalo, kunye nokuziphatha okuhle ngokuqiniswa okuhle yeyona nto iphambili kunyango. |
| Ukumodela iividiyo | Ukufundisa indlela yokudlala, indlela yokuthetha, njl.njl. ngokubonisa iividiyo. |
| Uqeqesho 'lokunika ingqwalasela edibeneyo' | Ukuqhelisa umntwana ukuba anike ingqalelo kwinto abanye abayinikel’ ingqalelo. |
| Amayeza | Kuphela kukufumana ingcebiso kagqirha ukulawula iimpawu ezithile ezifana nokuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokusebenza ngokugqithisileyo. |
| Uqeqesho Lokubuyisela Umzimba | Imizamo yokuphucula ubuchule bolwimi lobuchopho ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zekhompyutha. (Kusesekwinqanaba lophando) |
Ukuqeqeshwa kwakhona kobuchopho?
Elinye ikamva elithembisayo yingcamango ethi 'Uqeqesho Olutsha Lwemithambo-luvo'. Izazinzulu ngoku ziyazi ukuba iingqondo zethu azimiselwanga kwilitye, kodwa ziguquguquka kakhulu (zeplastiki). Zisebenzisa iinkqubo zekhompyutha, iingqondo zabantwana abanengxaki yolwimi zinokuqeqeshwa ukuba ziqaphele intetho ngcono. Nangona kunjalo, iinkqubo zangoku zinzima kakhulu ukuba zingasetyenziswa kubantwana abane-autism. Ngoko ke, izazinzulu zizama ukwenza iinkqubo ezilula ezifanelekileyo kwaba bantwana. Ezi zisesekwinqanaba lophando kwaye ziya kuza kwixesha elizayo.
Lumka kunyango olungenasiseko sesayensi!
Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Xa ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho une-autism, uyalingeka ukuba wenze nantoni na. Abanye abantu, besebenzisa eli thuba, banokukuxelela ngonyango "olumangalisayo" olungenasiseko sesayensi kwaye olungangqinelwanga .
Umzekelo:
- Ukutya okukhethekileyo
- Ukunika i-hormone i-Secretin
- Izinto ezifana nokususwa kwe-mercury emzimbeni.
Akukho nanye kwezi zinto engqinwe ngokwesayensi ukuba ziluncedo ekunyangeni i-autism. Ngoko ke, musa ukuzama ezi zinto kuba nje uzibona kwi-intanethi okanye umntu ekuxelele ukuba uzenze. Zinokwenzakalisa umntwana wakho kunokuba zimncede.
Soloko uthemba kuphela unyango oluqinisekisiweyo ngokwesayensi, oluxhaswa luphando. Thetha nogqirha wakho okanye ingcali yezonyango kwaye ulandele indlela yonyango abayicebisayo.
Iindlela ezifana ne-ABA azinakulindeleka ukuba zinike uncedo "olumangalisayo" ngobusuku obunye. Yinto efuna umsebenzi ozinikeleyo wexesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, kuqinisekile ukuba inokuphucula kakhulu ubomi baba bantwana kwaye ibanike izakhono abazidingayo ukuze basebenze kakuhle kuluntu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Autism ayisosifo, yimeko yokuphazamiseka kophuhliso lwemithambo-luvo. Wonke umntwana wahlukile.
- Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho kumntwana wakho, mse umntwana wakho kwingcali (umz., ugqirha wezifo zabantwana, ugqirha wengqondo) ngokukhawuleza. Okukhona unyango luqala ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona iziphumo ziba ngcono.
- Uhlalutyo Lokuziphatha Olusetyenziswayo (i-ABA) yeyona ndlela yonyango iqinisekisiweyo ngokwesayensi, eyaziwayo nephumeleleyo ehlabathini.
- Amayeza asetyenziswa kuphela ukulawula iimpawu ezithile. Afanele asetyenziswe phantsi kwengcebiso kagqirha kwaye adityaniswe nezinye iindlela zonyango.
- Musa ukulandela unyango "lomlingo" olungangqinelaniyo nolungenasiseko sesayensi, kuba nje ulufunda kwi-intanethi okanye uve ngalo. Soloko unxibelelana nogqirha wakho.
- Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uhambe wedwa kolu hambo. Kukho oogqirha, abagqirha bezonyango, kunye namaqela abazali abanokukunceda. Ungoyiki ukucela uncedo kubo.
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