Yintoni iBone Marrow? Kutheni ibaluleke kangaka emizimbeni yethu?

Mhlawumbi ukhe weva nge-'Bone Marrow', akunjalo? Mhlawumbi kugqirha, okanye mhlawumbi kumabonwakude. Enyanisweni yinto emangalisayo kakhulu ngaphakathi emathanjeni ethu, into ebalulekileyo emizimbeni yethu. Musa ukukhathazeka, nangona oku kungabonakala ngathi yinto enkulu, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngayo ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni kanye kanye umongo wethambo?

Kulungile, masiqale sijonge ukuba yintoni le 'bone marrow' . Kalula nje, yinxalenye ethambileyo, ethambileyo, efana nejeli ngaphakathi kwamathambo ethu. Ngaba wakha wayibona i-marrow ngaphakathi kwamathambo ezilwanyana (umzekelo, ithambo lethanga xa usitya inkukhu)? Yiyo loo nto. NgesiNgesi, ibizwa ngokuba yi-'bone marrow'. Ivakala ngathi yi-'me-ro' .

Lo mongo wethambo awukho kuwo onke amathambo emzimbeni wethu, kodwa ufumaneka kakhulu kumathambo amakhulu, amade emzimbeni wethu. Umzekelo, kwithambo lakho lethanga, ithambo lesinqe, i-sternum, kunye neembambo. Nangona amathambo amaninzi kubantwana abancinci enalo mongo wethambo, njengoko sikhula, oko kukuthi, njengoko sifikelela ebusheni, amanye amathambo ayatshintsha aze azaliswe ziiseli zamafutha. Kodwa kwiindawo ezifana nethambo lesinqe kunye nethambo lesinqe, lo mongo wethambo ubalulekileyo uhlala usebenza ubomi bonke.

Ubusazi na ukuba kukho iintlobo ezimbini zomongo wethambo?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zomongo wamathambo emizimbeni yethu. Enye yimongo wamathambo obomvu , enye yimongo wamathambo omthubi . Zombini ezi zinto zinemisebenzi eyahlukileyo kancinci.

I-Red Bone Marrow – Ifektri yethu yokwenza igazi!

Lo mongo obomvu yinto efunekayo emzimbeni wethu, kwaye wenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu. Uvelisa zonke iintlobo zeeseli zegazi emzimbeni wethu. Cinga ngawo njengomzi-mveliso omkhulu, ohlala uvelisa iiseli zegazi esizidingayo. Zithini ezi seli zegazi?

• Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu (ii-RBC): Ezi ziiseli ezithwala ioksijini emizimbeni yethu. Zicinge njengeelori ezincinci ezithatha ioksijini emiphungeni zize ziyihambise kuyo yonke iseli emzimbeni. Le oksijini yiyo esinika amandla, isivumela ukuba siphefumle, kwaye isivumela ukuba senze umsebenzi. Xa ezi seli ziphantsi, siziva sidiniwe kwaye ngamanye amaxesha sifumana imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-anemia.

• Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe (ii-WBC): Ezi zifana nabalindi bokhuseleko bomzimba wethu. Njengomkhosi namapolisa kwilizwe lethu. Xa izinto ezibangela izifo ezifana neentsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, kunye neentsholongwane zingena emzimbeni, ezi seli zimhlophe ziyahamba ziye kulwa nazo, zizitshabalalise, kwaye zisisindise kwizifo. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezi seli zimhlophe zegazi, kwaye uhlobo ngalunye lunomsebenzi othile. Umzekelo, ii-neutrophils kunye nee-lymphocytes.

• Iiplatelets:Elinye iqela elibalulekileyo ngala ma-platelet. Xa unenxeba elincinci, ukunqunyulwa, igazi elithile liya kuphuma lize lime ngokuzenzekelayo. La ma-platelet ayanceda kuloo nto. Into abayenzayo kukuba bafike kwindawo yokopha baze bahlangane, benze ihlwili legazi, balivale inxeba baze bayeke ukopha. Ngaphandle koko, kwanenxeba elincinci linokuba yingxaki enkulu, akunjalo? Ukuba kukho ukulahleka kwegazi okuninzi, kuyingozi.

Ngoko ke, lo mongo obomvu yiwo owenza zonke ezi ntlobo zintathu zeeseli kwaye ugcina inkqubo yethu yegazi isempilweni. Yiyo loo nto uninzi lwamathambo ebantwaneni abancinci luzaliswe ngumongo obomvu, kuba akhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye afuna iiseli ezininzi zegazi.

UMarrow Omthubi – Ukugcinwa kwamafutha

Umongo wethambo otyheli wenziwe kakhulu ziiseli zamafutha. Oku kufana nendawo yokugcina amandla emzimbeni wethu. La mafutha anokuguqulwa abe ngamandla xa kufuneka. Kwakhona, kwimeko engxamisekileyo, umzekelo, ukuba kukho ukopha okukhulu, lo mongo wethambo otyheli unokubuyela ube ngumongo wethambo obomvu kwaye uncede ekwenzeni iiseli zegazi. Akumangalisi na? Njengoko sikhula, amanye amathambo anomongo wethambo otyheli ngaphezu komongo wethambo obomvu.

Kutheni umongo wethambo ubaluleke kangaka kuthi? – Imisebenzi yawo ephambili

Ngoku mhlawumbi uyaqonda ukuba umongo wamathambo ubaluleke kangakanani, ingakumbi umongo wamathambo obomvu, emizimbeni yethu. Makhe sihlolisise eminye yemisebenzi yawo ephambili:

1. Ukuveliswa kweeseli zegazi: Lo ngumsebenzi ophambili nobaluleke kakhulu. Zonke iintlobo ezintathu zeeseli zegazi, iiseli ezibomvu, iiseli ezimhlophe, kunye neeplatelets, ziveliswa yi-bone marrow.

2. Ukunceda ekuthuthweni kweoksijini: Iiseli ezibomvu zibonelela ngeoksijini emzimbeni wonke.

3. Ukugcina amasosha omzimba esempilweni: Iiseli ezimhlophe zisikhusela kwizifo.

4. Ukulawula ukopha: Iiplatelets ziyeka ukopha kakhulu ngokugalela igazi.

5. Ikhaya leeStem Cells: Ngaphakathi kumongo wethambo, kukho uhlobo oluthile lweseli olubizwa ngokuba yi -'Stem Cells' . Ezi seli azinakuba loluphi na uhlobo lweseli yegazi kuphela, kodwa zinokuba zezinye iintlobo zeeseli emzimbeni. Yiyo loo nto i-'Stem Cell Transplant' isetyenziswa njengonyango lwezinye izifo.

Ngamafutshane, umongo lilungu elibalulekileyo ukuze siphile. Lifana nomzi-mveliso omncinci, kodwa onamandla kakhulu emzimbeni wethu.

Ngaba iingxaki zomongo wethambo zingenzeka? – Ezinye zeengxaki eziqhelekileyo

Njengayo nayiphi na enye inxalenye yomzimba wethu, umongo wamathambo ngamanye amaxesha unokuba neengxaki nezifo. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, kunokuchaphazela umzimba wethu wonke, njengoko ukuveliswa kweeseli zegazi kuphazamiseka. Makhe sijonge ezinye zeengxaki eziphambili ezinokubakho:

• I-Leukemia: Olu luhlobo lomhlaza oluvela kumongo wethambo. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba umongo wethambo uvelisa inani elikhulu leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezingaqhelekanga nezingasebenziyo. Ezi seli ezingaqhelekanga zikwanciphisa ukuveliswa kweeseli zegazi ezisempilweni.
• I-Lymphoma:Olu nalo luhlobo lomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, luqala kwiiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba zii-lymphocytes, eziyinxalenye yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Ekubeni ezi lymphocytes zikwafumaneka kwi-bone marrow, i-lymphoma inokuchaphazela ne-bone marrow.
• I-Aplastic Anemia: Kule meko, umongo awukwazi ukuvelisa iiseli ezintsha zegazi ezaneleyo (iiseli ezibomvu, iiseli ezimhlophe, kunye neeplatelets). Kufana nokuba umzi-mveliso uvaliwe.
• I-Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS): Apha, nangona umongo wethambo uvelisa iiseli zegazi, iiseli ezizivelisayo azikhuliswanga kakuhle, okanye umsebenzi wazo uyaphazamiseka. Kufana nokulungisa izixhobo ezaphukileyo.
• I-Multiple Myeloma: Lo ngumhlaza okhula kumongo wethambo oquka iiseli zeplasma (uhlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi).
• Ezinye izizathu: Ukongeza, izifo ezithile, amayeza athile (ingakumbi i-chemotherapy), unyango lwemitha, kunye nokungabikho kokutya okunesondlo (umz., i-vitamin B12, i-folate, ukungabikho kwesinyithi) nazo zinokuchaphazela ukusebenza komongo wethambo.

Xa le meko isenzeka, iimpawu ezinje ngokudinwa, ukugula rhoqo, ukuphaphatheka, kunye nokopha zinokubakho.

Ufumanisa njani ukuba kukho ingxaki ngomongo wethambo? - Ukuxilongwa

Ukuba ugqirha urhanela ukuba umntu unengxaki yomongo wethambo, uya kwenza uvavanyo oluninzi ukuze afumanise ukuba yintoni kanye kanye.

• Uvavanyo lweGazi: Into yokuqala oza kuyenza kukubala igazi elipheleleyo (FBC). Oku kuza kujonga inani leeseli ezibomvu, iiseli ezimhlophe, kunye neeplatelets egazini lakho. Ukuba kukho umahluko omkhulu kula manani, inokuba yingxaki kumongo wakho wethambo.
• Ukufutha kweBone Marrow kunye neBiopsy: Olu lolona vavanyo luphambili olusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa imeko echanekileyo yomongo wethambo. Apha, isampuli encinci yomongo wethambo isuswa kusetyenziswa isirinji encinci, idla ngokusuka kwindawo efana nethambo lesinqe. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -'Bone Marrow Aspiration' kunye ne -'Biopsy' . Nangona oku kungabonakala ngathi luvavanyo olubuhlungu, oogqirha bayalwenza ukuze kungabi buhlungu kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Emva koko isampuli ihlolwa phantsi kwemakroskopu ukujonga uhlobo kunye nobukhulu beeseli.

Olu vavanyo lunokufumanisa ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwengxaki ekhoyo kumongo wethambo.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwezifo zomongo wethambo?

Xa isifo somongo wethambo sifunyenwe, unyango luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka uhlobo lwesifo, ubudala besigulana, kunye nempilo yaso iyonke. Nazi ezinye zeendlela eziphambili zonyango:

• Amayeza: Kwezinye iimeko, kunikwa amayeza avuselela umongo wethambo kwaye anyuse imveliso yeeseli zegazi. Kwiimeko zomhlaza, kusetyenziswa amayeza anamandla afana ne -chemotherapy .
• Utofelo-gazi:Ukuba inani leeseli zegazi liphantsi kakhulu, kwenziwa utyando lwegazi lwangaphandle (iiseli ezibomvu, iiplatelets).
• Ukufakelwa kweBone Marrow / Ukufakelwa kweStem Cell: Olu lonyango oluntsonkothileyo. Lubandakanya ukususa umongo wethambo onesifo uze uwufake endaweni yawo iiseli zethambo zomongo eziphilileyo (okanye iiseli zestem). Ezi seli ziphilileyo zinokuvela kumntu onikelayo ofanayo, okanye ngamanye amaxesha kwisigulana ngokwaso. Nangona olu lonyango lukhulu kwaye lunzima, luye lwakwazi ukunyanga ezinye izifo zethambo zomongo ezinzulu.

Ukongeza, izinto ezifana nokhathalelo oluxhasayo kunye neengcebiso zesondlo nazo zibalulekile.

Singenza ntoni ukuze sigcine umongo wethu usempilweni?

Ekubeni umongo wethambo uyinto efumaneka emzimbeni, ungazibuza ukuba kukho into ethile ekufuneka uyenze ukuze uwugcine usempilweni. Enyanisweni, ukugcina indlela yokuphila esempilweni yeyona nto ilungileyo kwimpilo yomongo wethambo.

• Ukutya okunempilo: Yitya ukutya okunesondlo esifanelekileyo esinezakhamzimba ezifana ne-iron, i-vitamin B12, kunye ne-folic acid. Ukutya okufana nemifuno eluhlaza, imifuno, iziqhamo, inyama, intlanzi kunye neemveliso zobisi kuyanceda koku.
• Ziphephe izinto ezinobungozi: Ziphephe ukuvezwa kwiikhemikhali ezinobungozi kunye nemitha engafunekiyo kangangoko. Izinto ezifana nokutshaya nazo ziyingozi.
• Ingcebiso kagqirha: Ukuba uneempawu (umz., ukudinwa okungapheliyo, ukugula rhoqo), okanye ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho oye waba nesifo somongo wethambo, bona ugqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Ngoko ke, namhlanje sithethe kakhulu ngomongo wethambo, akunjalo?

Umongo wethambo ufana nomzi-mveliso omncinci emzimbeni wethu owenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu ngokuzolileyo, osigcina siphila. Asinakuphila ngaphandle kweeseli zegazi eziveliswa yiwo.

• Ngamafutshane, umongo wethambo yinxalenye efana nesiponji ngaphakathi emathanjeni ethu eyenza zonke iintlobo ezintathu zeeseli zegazi: iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets.
• Ezi seli zegazi zinceda ekuthwaleni ioksijini emizimbeni yethu, zisikhusele kwizifo, kwaye ziyeke ukopha .
• Ngamanye amaxesha, umongo wethambo unokuba nezifo (ezifana ne-leukemia), kodwa ezi zinokulawulwa ngovavanyo lwezonyango olufanelekileyo kunye nonyango .
• Ukuphila ubomi obusempilweni kubalulekile nakwimpilo yomongo wethambo.

Ukuba uneminye imibuzo malunga noku, ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha. Okukhona sisazi ngakumbi ngemizimba yethu, kokukhona sinyamekela impilo yethu.

Umongo wethambo , Iiseli zegazi, Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, Iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, Iiplatelets, I-Leukemia, Ukufakelwa komongo wethambo