Yintoni le ntsholongwane? Masifumanise ngqo!

Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngento engabonakaliyo emehlweni ethu, kodwa enokusenza sigule. Usenokuba ukhe weva ngayo ibizwa ngokuba yi-'virus'. Ngoko ke ziintoni ezi ntsholongwane? Zingena njani emizimbeni yethu zize zisigule? Masithethe ngazo zonke ezi zinto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni kanye kanye intsholongwane?

Ngamafutshane, intsholongwane yintsholongwane encinci kakhulu, engabonakaliyo. Xa sithi incinci, inokuba ncinci ngokuphindwe kaliwaka kunentsholongwane. Khawucinge nje, intsholongwane nayo incinci kakhulu, ngoko ke incinci kangakanani na intsholongwane!

Ezi ntsholongwane azinakuphila okanye zizale zodwa. Njengesela, kufuneka zingene emzimbeni womntu, oko kukuthi, iiseli zezilwanyana, izityalo, okanye abantu abafana nathi. Kuphela emva kokuba zingenile apho ziqala khona umsebenzi wazo, zenze ezinye iintsholongwane ezifana nazo zize zisigulise. Yiyo loo nto iintsholongwane zibizwa ngokuba 'zii-obligate intracellular parasites', oko kuthetha ukuba zidinga enye iseli ephilayo ukuze ziphile. Zinobuqhetseba kakhulu ekulawuleni iiseli zethu nasekuzenzeleni izinto.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwentsholongwane nebhaktheriya?

Ngoku usenokuba ucinga, 'Ngoko ke iibhaktheriya nazo ziintsholongwane, kwaye iintsholongwane nazo ziintsholongwane, yintoni umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini?' Ewe, ngumbuzo obaluleke kakhulu lowo. Kuba ukuba uyazibhidanisa ezi zimbini, indlela yonyango inokuba ayilunganga.

Umahluko ophambili kukuba iibhaktheriya zizinto eziphilayo eziphila ngokwazo, ezinokuzahlula-hlula kwaye zande ngokwazo. Zingaphila ngaphandle kwemizimba yethu (kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo) ukuba ziyafuna. Kodwa iintsholongwane azikwazi, kufuneka zibekho ngaphakathi kwiseli ephilayo. Nokuba intsholongwane iyinto ephilayo ngokwenene okanye akunjalo nayo yinto ephikiswana ngayo phakathi kwezazinzulu, kuba zifana nesuntswana elingenabomi elingaphandle kweseli.

Enye into ebalulekileyo kukuba sisebenzisa 'ii-antibiotics' ukunyanga usulelo lweentsholongwane. Kodwa ezi antibiotics azinampembelelo kwiintsholongwane. Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba xa befumana umkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane, baya nje kwikhemesti baze bathenge '(i-antibiotic)'. Yimpazamo enkulu leyo. Kuba, ukuba unesulelo lweentsholongwane, loo '(i-antibiotic)' ayizukwenza nto, kwelinye icala, iyeza liza kungena nje emzimbeni, kwaye mhlawumbi ukuxhathisa ii-antibiotics kunokuvela. Ke ngoko, kufuneka sithathe unyango olunikwa ngugqirha emva kokulihlola ngononophelo size sigqibe ukuba lusulelo lweentsholongwane okanye lusulelo lweentsholongwane.

Zingena njani iintsholongwane emizimbeni yethu? Zisasazeka njani?

Kulungile, ngoku makhe sijonge indlela le ntsholongwane incinci engena ngayo emizimbeni yethu nendlela esasazeka ngayo ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi oku, kuba ngoko sinokuzikhusela.

• Xa uphefumla: Xa umntu onentsholongwane ekhohlela, ethimla, okanye ethetha kakhulu, amathontsi amancinci kakhulu amathe aphuma emlonyeni nasempumlweni yakhe. La mathontsi anokuba nentsholongwane. Ukuba umntu okufutshane uphefumla lo moya, intsholongwane ingangena kwinkqubo yakhe yokuphefumla. Khawucinge nje, ukuba umntu ogulayo uthimla ngelixa ekhwele ibhasi okanye uloliwe, kukho ithuba elikhulu lokuba umntu okufutshane naye agule.
• Ukudibana ngqo kunye neendawo ezikufutshane: Ukuba umntu onesifo uchukumisa impumlo okanye umlomo wakhe aze achukumise isiciko somnyango, itafile, okanye isandla somnye umntu ngaloo sandla sinye, intsholongwane ingangena kwezo ndawo ize ifikelele esandleni somnye umntu. Emva koko, ukuba loo mntu uchukumisa ubuso, impumlo, okanye umlomo wakhe ngaloo sandla, intsholongwane ingangena emizimbeni yakhe. Yiyo loo nto sisoloko sithi masihlambe izandla zethu kwaye singachukumisi ubuso bethu. Ezinye iintsholongwane zinokuphila kwiindawo ezikufutshane iiyure, ngamanye amaxesha kwaneentsuku.
• Ngokutya namanzi: Ezinye iintsholongwane zinokudluliselwa ngokutya namanzi angcolileyo. Umzekelo, iHepatitis A kunye neNorovirus. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuhlamba izandla zakho ngaphambi kokutya nokulungisa ukutya, ukusela amanzi acocekileyo, nokupheka ukutya kakuhle.
• Ngegazi kunye nolwelo lomzimba: Ezinye iintsholongwane ezinobungozi, ezifana ne-HIV, i-Hepatitis B, kunye ne-Hepatitis C, zinokudluliselwa ngegazi okanye olunye ulwelo lomzimba lomntu osulelekileyo. Azisasazeki ngokunxibelelana nje, kodwa zinokusasazeka ngokwabelana ngesondo okungakhuselekanga, ukwabelana ngeenaliti zokujova iziyobisi, kunye nokusuka kumama osulelekileyo ukuya kumntwana wakhe.

Uyabona, zininzi iindlela zokusasazeka kweentsholongwane. Yiyo loo nto ucoceko lomntu kunye nococeko lokusingqongileyo kubalulekile.

Ziziphi izifo eziqhelekileyo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane?

Kukho izifo ezingenakubalwa esinokuzifumana ngenxa yeentsholongwane. Ezinye zazo zixhaphakile kwaye ziyaphola kwiintsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu. Ezinye zazo zinzima kancinci kwaye zifuna unyango. Makhe sijonge ezimbalwa zezifo ezixhaphakileyo nezivakalayo malunga neentsholongwane.

• Umkhuhlane Oqhelekileyo: Sonke siye safumana oku. Yimpumlo egobhozayo, umphimbo obuhlungu, mhlawumbi nomzimba obuhlungu kancinci. Kunokubangelwa ziintlobo ngeentlobo zeentsholongwane (umz., iRhinovirus, iCoronavirus).
• Umkhuhlane/Umkhuhlane: Oku kuqatha kancinci kunomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Iimpawu ziquka umkhuhlane ophezulu, iintlungu zomzimba, ukudinwa, kunye nokukhwehlela. Kubangelwa yintsholongwane yomkhuhlane. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokukhokelela kwiimeko ezinzulu ngakumbi njenge-pneumonia.
• I-Chickenpox: Isifo esifunyanwa ngabantu abaninzi besebancinci, esibangela amadyungudyungu emzimbeni wonke. Sibangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Varicella-zoster virus)`.
• I-Mascus:Esi sisifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane, esibangela umkhuhlane kunye neentlungu zomzimba. Ngoku ekubeni kukho iyeza lokugonya oku, ukwenzeka kwaso kuncinci kakhulu, kodwa sisenokuba yingozi.
• I-Mumps: Esinye isifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane esibangela ukudumba kwezidlele. Kukwakho neyeza lokugonya oku.
• Umkhuhlane weDengue: Kwilizwe lethu, i-dengue sisifo esiqhelekileyo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha sisongela ubomi. Sidluliselwa ziingcongconi.
• I-Covid-19: Le yintsholongwane esiyaziyo kakuhle kwaye kutshanje ibangele ubhubhane wehlabathi. Ibangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus)`.

Le yimizekelo embalwa nje. Zingaphi ezinye izifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane ezikhoyo! Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeentsholongwane ezifana ne-`(Rotavirus)` ezibangela urhudo, `(Hepatitis)` ezichaphazela isibindi, `(polio virus)` ezichaphazela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo (ngoku epheliswe eSri Lanka ngenxa yokugonywa). Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukulandela iingcebiso zonyango, nokuba sisifo sini na.

Imizimba yethu ilwa njani neentsholongwane?

Xa intsholongwane ingena emzimbeni, imizimba yethu ayimi nje apho. Sinenkqubo yokuzikhusela emangalisayo emzimbeni wethu, esiyibiza ngokuba 'yinkqubo yokuzikhusela'. Kufana nomkhosi okhusela ilizwe.

Xa intsholongwane ifika, le "nkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela" iqala ukusebenza ngoko nangoko.

• Okokuqala, ezi ntsholongwane zihlaselayo zibonwa ziiseli ezikhethekileyo ezifana namajoni ezibizwa ngokuba 'ziiseli zegazi ezimhlophe'.
• Emva koko, benza uhlobo oluthile lweproteni olubizwa ngokuba yi-'antibodies'. La 'antibodies' enzelwe ukufanisa intsholongwane ngqo, enceda ekuvaleni nasekutshabalaliseni intsholongwane. Cinga ngayo njengesitshixo esifaka isitshixo.
• Kwakhona, ukufumana umkhuhlane kukwayindlela esabela ngayo kwiinkqubo zethu zokuzikhusela komzimba. Xa umkhuhlane usanda, kuba nzima ukuba ezinye iintsholongwane ziphile kwaye zisasazeke.
• Ngamanye amaxesha iintlungu nokudinwa komzimba esizivayo konke oku kubangelwa kukuba imizimba yethu ilwa nentsholongwane.

Ii-antibodies ezenziwa ngumzimba wethu ngokuchasene neentsholongwane ezithile zinokuhlala emizimbeni yethu ubomi bonke. Oko kuthetha ukuba ukuba loo ntsholongwane ibuya, inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela yomzimba inokuyibona ngokukhawuleza ize iyoyise. Yiyo loo nto izifo ezifana ne-chickenpox zingabuyi okwesibini. Ii-vaccine zenza into efanayo. Oko kwenziwa yi-vaccine kusinika i-virus ebuthathaka okanye ebuleweyo, okanye inxalenye ye-virus, kwaye ifundise inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela yomzimba ukwenza ii-antibodies ezichasene nayo. Emva koko, xa i-virus yokwenyani ifika, umzimba wethu ulungele.

Singenza ntoni ukuze sizikhusele kwiintsholongwane?

Akungcono na ukuzikhusela ngaphambi kokuba ugule kunokusela amayeza xa ugule? Kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezilula, kodwa ezibaluleke kakhulu esinokuzenza ukuze sihlale sikhuselekile kwiintsholongwane.

• Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo: Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.Ziqhelise ukuhlamba izandla zakho ngesepha namanzi ubuncinane imizuzwana engama-20. Iintende zakho, umva wezandla zakho, phakathi kweminwe yakho, phantsi kweenzipho zakho, zonke ezi ndawo. Ngaphambi kokutya, ngaphambi kokulungisa ukutya, emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, emva kokuchukumisa izilwanyana, emva kokuthimla okanye ukukhohlela, naxa ubuya ekhaya uvela ngaphandle. Ukuba isepha namanzi azifumaneki, ungasebenzisa nesicoci sezandla esisekelwe kutywala.
• Gquma umlomo nempumlo yakho: Xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla, gquma umlomo nempumlo yakho ngetshefu okanye ithishu. Ukuba awunayo, ubuncinane thimla okanye ukhohlele ngaphakathi kwengqiniba yakho. Oku kuya kunciphisa amathuba okusasaza iintsholongwane kwabanye. Lahla ngononophelo ithishu esetyenzisiweyo enkunkuma.
• Nciphisa ukuchukumisa amehlo, impumlo, nomlomo: Zingaphi izihlandlo ngemini esizichukumisa ubuso bethu singazi? Ezi zezona ndlela zilula zokuba iintsholongwane ezisezandleni zethu zingene emizimbeni yethu.
• Gonyelwa: Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela kwizifo ezininzi eziyingozi zentsholongwane kukugonyelwa. Kukho imijovo yezifo ezifana ne-masisi, i-mumps, i-chickenpox, i-influenza, i-hepatitis B, i-polio, kunye ne-COVID-19. Gonyelwa abantwana bakho ngexesha ngokwenkqubo karhulumente yokugonyelwa. Ezinye imijovo ziyacetyiswa nakubantu abadala (umz., ugonyo lomkhuhlane minyaka le).
• Imikhwa emihle yempilo:
• Ukutya okunesondlo: Ukutya imifuno emininzi, iziqhamo, kunye nokusela amanzi acocekileyo kuyawomeleza "amajoni ethu omzimba".
• Lala ngokwaneleyo: Lala kakuhle iiyure ezisi-7-8 ngosuku. Ukungalali kakuhle kwenza amajoni omzimba angasebenzi kakuhle.
• Ukuzilolonga: Ukwenza umthambo omncinci yonke imihla kulungele umzimba.
• Hlala kude nabantu abagulayo: Ukuba umntu unesifo somkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane, musa ukusondela kakhulu kuye. Ukuba uyagula, hlala ekhaya kangangoko unako. Nciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokusasaza esi sifo kwabanye.
• Gcina okusingqongileyo kucocekile: Ukuze kuthintelwe izifo ezifana ne-dengue, kubalulekile ukugcina iindawo apho iingcongconi zinokuzalela khona (iindawo apho amanzi ahlala khona) zicocekile.

Khumbula, le mikhwa ilula ayinakukhusela wena wedwa, kodwa nosapho lwakho kunye nabanye abantu kuluntu kwiintsholongwane.

Ufanele ufune nini ingcebiso kagqirha?

Into efana nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo idla ngokunyangeka ekhaya kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka ubone ugqirha.

• Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla: Ukuba uziva ngathi isifuba sakho siyaqina kwaye kunzima ukuphefumla.
• Ukuba umkhuhlane ophezulu (umz., ongaphezulu kwe-103°F / 39.4°C) awunciphi kangangeentsuku ezininzi, okanye ukuba umkhuhlane ufikile, wehla okwethutyana, uze ubuye kwakhona.
• Ukuba ukuhlanza norhudo akupheli: Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunokubakho. Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nomlomo owomileyo, amehlo atshonileyo, okanye ukuphuma komchamo okunciphileyo, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko.
• Ukuba unomkhuhlane ophezulu kunye nokurhawuzelelwa.
• Ukuba uziva udiniwe ngakumbi, ulele, okanye ungaphaphanga kangako kunesiqhelo.
• Ukuba unezinye izifo ezingapheliyo ezifana nesifo seswekile, isifo sentliziyo, isifo semiphunga, okanye isifo sezintso, kufuneka ulumke ngakumbi xa ufumana usulelo lwentsholongwane. Kungcono ukubona ugqirha nokuba uneempawu ezincinci.
• Ukuba ungumama okhulelweyo kwaye uneempawu zosulelo lwentsholongwane, funa ingcebiso kagqirha.
• Abantwana abancinci: Ukuba umntwana ongaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-3 ubudala unomkhuhlane (ngaphezulu kwe-100.4°F / 38°C), okanye ukuba umntwana omncinci walo naluphi na ubudala ugula ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwaye akatyi okanye akadlali, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Kungcono ukufuna ingcebiso kugqirha kunokuthatha amayeza kwivenkile yezonyango. Ngabo bazi kakuhle into abafanele bayenze kwimeko yakho.

Ezinye iingcamango eziphosakeleyo esinazo malunga neentsholongwane

Xa sithetha ngeentsholongwane, ngamanye amaxesha sifumana ulwazi olungeyonyani kunye neembono eziphosakeleyo ezisasazeka phakathi kwethu. Makhe sijonge ezinye zazo.

• Ingcamango Engachanekanga: 'Iingqele zibangelwa kukuchanabeka emakhazeni okanye ukumanziswa yimvula.'
• Inyani: Umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo ubangelwa yintsholongwane. Imozulu ebandayo ayibangeli iintsholongwane ezintsha. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lomkhuhlane, abantu bangaphakathi endlwini kwaye basondelelene, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba iintsholongwane zisasazeke. Kwakhona, amajoni omzimba abanye abantu anokuba buthathaka ngenxa yomkhuhlane omkhulu, nto leyo ebenza babe namathuba amaninzi okufumana usulelo lwentsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, akulunganga ukuthi imozulu ebandayo ibangela iintsholongwane ngokuthe ngqo.
• Ingcamango ephosakeleyo: 'Kulungile ukusela amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane xa kukho umkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane.'
• Inyani: Njengoko sele sixoxile, `(Antibiotics)` isebenza kuphela kwiibhaktheriya. `(Antibiotics)` ayisebenzi kwiintsholongwane. Ukusebenzisa `(Antibiotics)` ngokungeyomfuneko kuya kukhokelela ekuchaseni ii-antibiotics, apho `(Antibiotic)` ayizukusebenza xa uyifuna ngokwenene.
• Ingcamango ephosakeleyo: 'Amayeza okugonya abangela izifo / Amayeza okugonya ayingozi.'
• Inyani: Amayeza okugonya yimpumelelo enkulu kwezonyango. Amayeza okugonya enziwa ngophando olucokisekileyo kunye neenkqubo zokhuseleko. Amayeza okugonya anokubangela iziphumo ezingezizo ezinje ngomkhuhlane omncinci kunye neentlungu zomzimba, kodwa oko kuthetha ukuba amasosha omzimba wethu ayasebenza. Xa kuthelekiswa nemiphumo emibi yezifo ezinokuthintelwa ngamayeza okugonya, ukhuseleko kunye neenzuzo zamayeza okugonya zinkulu kakhulu. Musa ukukhohliswa ziingcamango eziphosakeleyo malunga namayeza okugonya.
• Ingcamango ephosakeleyo: 'Ukuba intsholongwane ingena emzimbeni, ngokuqinisekileyo iya kukugulisa.'
• Inyani:Oku akwenzeki rhoqo. Ukuba `(Inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba)` inamandla, ngamanye amaxesha nokuba intsholongwane ingena emzimbeni, inokulawulwa ngaphandle kweempawu. Kwakhona, inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani bentsholongwane engena (umthwalo wentsholongwane).

Ukwazi izinto ezinje kusinceda kakhulu ekulweni neentsholongwane.

Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuya Ekhaya

Kaloku, sithethe kakhulu ngeentsholongwane namhlanje, akunjalo? Ndiyathemba ukuba uyaqonda into ethile koko sithethe ngako. Okokugqibela, khumbula la manqaku kakuhle:

• Iintsholongwane zincinci kakhulu, iintsholongwane ezingabonakaliyo ezifuna enye iseli ephilayo (iseli engumncedisi) ukuze ziphile kwaye zosulele.
• Iintsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Ii-antibiotics azinakunyanga izifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane.
• Iintsholongwane zisasazeka ikakhulu ngamathontsi avela ekuthinimla nasekukhohleleni, ngezandla ezingcolileyo, nangokuchukumisa iindawo ezingcolileyo.
• Iintsholongwane zingunobangela wezifo ezininzi, ezinje ngomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, umkhuhlane, irhashalala, kunye nedengue.
• Inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba yiyo elwa neentsholongwane.
• Iindlela ezilungileyo zokuzikhusela kwiintsholongwane zezi:
• Hlamba izandla zakho ngesepha rhoqo.
• Gquma umlomo wakho nempumlo xa ukhohlela kwaye uthimla.
• Ukufumana izitofu ezifunekayo ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
• Ukugcina imikhwa emihle yempilo (ukutya okunesondlo, ukulala, ukuzilolonga).
• Ukuba iimpawu ziya zisiba mandundu, okanye ukuba ukwiqela elisengozini, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.

Ukuba sonke siyahlangana size silandele la manyathelo alula okhuseleko, singaziphepha izifo ezininzi ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane size sihlale sisempilweni. Ungakhathazeki, ukwazi lolona khuselo lubalaseleyo!

Intsholongwane , Izifo, Usulelo, Ukhuselo, Ukhuseleko, Impilo