Ingaba umntwana wakho uzelwe enobunzima obuphantsi? (Ubunzima obuphantsi bokuzalwa) Masiqaphele oku!

Ngaba wakha weva ukuba umntwana osandul’ ukuzalwa akanamzimba ufanelekileyo? Xa usiva iindaba ezinjalo, uziva usoyika kwaye unomdla, akunjalo? "Kutheni kwenzeke oko? Ngaba umntwana uza kuphila?" Imibuzo emininzi ifika engqondweni. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale meko ibizwa ngokuba yi- Low Birth Weight . Le yinto ekufuneka abazali abaninzi bayazi.

Yintoni Ubunzima Bokuzalwa Obuphantsi?

Ngamafutshane, ukuba umntwana wakho osandul’ ukuzalwa unobunzima obungaphantsi kwama -2500 grams (oko kukuthi iikhilogram eziyi-2.5 okanye iikhilogram ezi-5 kunye nee-ounces ezi-8) , yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba bubunzima bokuzalwa obuphantsi. Obu bubunzima umntwana abulinganiswayo xa ezalwa.

Ngokomyinge, malunga ne-80 kwi-100 yeentsana ezizalwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa (phakathi kweeveki ezingama-37 nezingama-41 zokukhulelwa) zinobunzima obuphakathi kwe-2,600 grams (2.6 kg) kunye ne-3,800 grams (3.8 kg).

Kodwa nantsi into, ukuba umntwana uzelwe enobunzima obuphantsi akuthethi ukuba uza kuba ngumntwana onobunzima obuphantsi xa ekhula. Enyanisweni, ezinye iintsana ezinobunzima obuphantsi ziphilile nangona zincinci.

Nangona kunjalo, ubunzima bomntwana ekuzalweni bunokunceda oogqirha ukuba bagqibe ukuba bafuna unyango olukhethekileyo emva nje kokuzalwa. Oku kungenxa yokuba abanye abantwana banokuba neengxaki zempilo ezinzulu ngenxa yobunzima obuphantsi bokuzalwa. Ukuba umntwana wakho mncinane kakhulu ekuzalweni, kunokuba nzima kuye ukutya, ukutyeba, nokulwa nezifo . Abanye abantwana banokuba neengxaki zempilo ezihlala ixesha elide.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Iintsana ezizelwe zinobunzima obuphantsi ziyazalwa kwihlabathi liphela, kuquka nelizwe lethu. Umzekelo, eMelika, malunga nesinye kwiintsana ezili-12 ezizelwe ngo-2021 sazalwa sinobunzima obuphantsi. Oko kumalunga ne-8.52% yokuzalwa okuphilayo. Ngoko ke oku akuqhelekanga kangako.

Zithini iimpawu zokuzalwa unesisindo esiphantsi?

Iintsana ezizelwe zinobunzima obuphantsi zibonakala zincinci kakhulu kuneentsana ezisempilweni nezinobunzima obuqhelekileyo. Kwakhona, intloko yomntwana ingabonakala inkulu kunomzimba wonke. Zisenokubonakala zincinci kuba zinamafutha amancinci emzimbeni.

Yintoni ebangela ukuba umntwana azalwe enobunzima obuphantsi?

Zimbini izizathu eziphambili zokuzalwa umntwana enobunzima obuphantsi. Nazi:

1. Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha

2. Ukuthintelwa kokukhula kosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa

Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha

Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha, okanye "ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha", kuxa umntwana wakho ezalwa ngaphambi kweveki yama-37 yokukhulelwa. Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha kuthetha ukuba umntwana wakho akafumananga xesha laneleyo lokukhula nokukhula ngaphakathi kwesibeleko sakho. Oku kungenxa yokuba umntwana ufumana uninzi lobunzima bakhe kwiiveki ezimbalwa zokugqibela zokukhulelwa.

Uthintelo lokukhula kosana olusandul' ukuzalwa

Esinye isizathu esikhulu kukuthintelwa kokukhula kosana olungekazalwa, okanye oko oogqirha bakubiza ngokuba yi-"Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)". Oku kwenzeka xa umntwana engakwazi ukukhula nokunyuka ubunzima njengoko kufanele xa esesibelekweni. Ngamanye amaxesha, umntwana unokuzalwa emncinci kuba abazali bakhe bebancinci. Oku kuqhelekile.

Kodwa abanye abantwana bakhula nge-IUGR kuba kukho into ephazamisa ukukhula kwabo ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Oku kunokubangelwa zezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Iingxaki zePlacenta: Umntwana ufumana izondlo kunye neoksijini ayidingayo nge-placenta. Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho ingxaki nge-placenta, iya kuchaphazela ukukhula komntwana.
• Impilo yakho: Ezinye izifo umama anazo ngexesha lokukhulelwa (umz. uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile) zinokuchaphazela ukukhula komntwana.
• Impilo yomntwana: Ngamanye amaxesha, ukukhula kunokudodobala ngenxa yemeko yemfuza okanye usulelo kumntwana.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko ezichaphazela oku?

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezibangela umngcipheko wokuba nomntwana onobunzima obuphantsi. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Izifo ezingapheliyo onazo ngexesha lokukhulelwa: Umzekelo, ukuba unesifo esihlala ixesha elide esifana nesifo seswekile okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
• Usulelo ngexesha lokukhulelwa: Ezinye izifo zinokuchaphazela ukukhula komntwana.
• Ukusebenzisa amayeza athile ngexesha lokukhulelwa: Musa ukuthatha naliphi na iyeza ngeli xesha ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.
• Ukusebenzisa izinto ezifana notywala necuba ngexesha lokukhulelwa: Ezi zinto ziyingozi kakhulu kumntwana.
• Ukungatyebi ngokwaneleyo okanye ukungatyisi umzimba ngexesha lokukhulelwa: Ukutya ukutya okunesondlo kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Ukukhulelwa abantwana abangaphezu komnye (Amaninzi): Lo mngcipheko uphezulu xa ulindele amawele okanye amawele amathathu.
• Ukuchanabeka kwilothe okanye kungcoliseko lomoya.
• Oomama abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-17 okanye ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala.
• Ukuzala kwangaphambi kwexesha.

"Ayingabo bonke abantu abanazo zonke ezi zinto zinobungozi abaya kuba nomntwana onobunzima obuphantsi. Kwakhona, umntu ongenazo ezi zinto usenokuba nomntwana onobunzima obuphantsi. Ngoko ke musani ukoyika, kodwa kubalulekile ukukwazi oku."

Zithini iingxaki zale meko?

Iintsana ezizelwe zinobunzima obuphantsi zisengozini enkulu yokuba neengxaki ezithile zempilo. Imizimba yazo emincinci ayinamandla njengeyeentsana ezizelwe zinobunzima obuqhelekileyo. Zisenokuba nobunzima bokutya, ukutyeba, kunye nokulwa nezifo . Kwakhona, iintsana ezizelwe zinobunzima obuphantsi zinamafutha omzimba amancinci, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuba zihlale zifudumele .

Okukhona ubunzima bomntwana ekuzalweni buphantsi, kokukhona umngcipheko weengxaki uphezulu. Ezinye zezi ngxaki zinokwenzeka kwangethuba ziquka:

• Amanqanaba e-oxygen aphantsi ekuzalweni.
• Iintsholongwane.
• I-Jaundice.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla: Ingakumbi i-Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS), isifo sokuphefumla esibangelwa yimiphunga engavuthwanga.
• Iingxaki zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo: Umzekelo, ukopha ngaphakathi kwengqondo (Intraventricular Hemorrhage - IVH) kunokwenzeka.
• Iingxaki zenkqubo yokugaya ukutya: Iimeko ezifana ne-"Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)``, ebangela umonakalo omkhulu kwizicubu zamathumbu.

Kukwakho nomngcipheko omkhulu wokuba neengxaki zexesha elide :

• Ukulibaziseka kophuhliso lwemizimba kunye noluntu: Oku kuthetha ukuba izinto ezifana nokuhamba nokuthetha zisenokuba zifike emva kwexesha.
• Umahluko ekufundeni.
• Iimeko zempilo ezinokubakho njengoko ukhula: izinto ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo sentliziyo, ukutyeba kakhulu, nesifo seswekile.

Indlela yokuchonga ubunzima bokuzalwa obuphantsi?

Xa usiya ekliniki ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwakho, ugqirha wakho uza kusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukuze afumane umbono wobukhulu bomntwana wakho. Enye indlela kukulandelela ukunyuka kobunzima bakho. Enye kukulinganisa 'ubude be-fundal' . Lo ngumgama ukusuka phezulu kwesibeleko ukuya kwithambo le-pubic. Ugqirha wakho uza kusebenzisa ne-'ultrasound' scan ukujonga ukukhula nokukhula komntwana.

Kwiiyure zokuqala emva kokuzalwa, ugqirha uza kulinganisa umntwana. Baza kuthelekisa ubunzima bomntwana nobudala bokukhulelwa baze babubhale kwirekhodi yezonyango. Umntwana onobunzima obungaphantsi kwama-2500 grams (2.5 kg) ubizwa ngokuba bubunzima bokuzalwa obuphantsi, kwaye umntwana onobunzima obungaphantsi kwama-1500 grams (1.5 kg) ubizwa ngokuba bubunzima bokuzalwa obuphantsi kakhulu .

Iphathwa njani umntwana ozelwe enobunzima obuphantsi?

Ugqirha womntwana wakho uza kugqiba ukuba loluphi unyango olufunekayo kumntwana ozelwe enobunzima obuphantsi. Baza kugqiba ngolu hlobo lonyango ngokusekelwe kumntwana:

• Iminyaka yokukhulelwa.
• Imeko yempilo iyonke.
• Imbali yezonyango.
• Kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokunyamezela amayeza, iinkqubo zonyango, okanye unyango .

Unyango lomntwana ozelwe enobunzima obuphantsi ludla ngokuquka:

• Ukhathalelo lweYunithi yoKhathalelo oluNzulu lweZinsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa (i-NICU): Le yiyunithi yokhathalelo olunzulu lweentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa.
• Ukubeka umntwana ebhedini elawulwa bubushushu: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kuba kunzima kwiintsana ezincinci ukugcina ubushushu bomzimba wazo.
• Ukondla okukhethekileyo: Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba umntwana akakwazi ukuncancisa, ubisi lunikwa njengolwelo ngomjelo we-intravenous (IV) okanye ngetyhubhu efakwe esiswini.
• Unyango olufunekayo kwezinye iingxaki.

Iintsana ezizelwe zinobunzima obuphantsi, ngaphandle kokuba kukho ezinye iingxaki, zihlala zidibana nezinye iintsana ngokweenkqubela zomzimba ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yomntwana wakho, ugqirha wakho unokuzithumela kwingcali ukuze afumane unyango olongezelelweyo.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba umntwana wam uzelwe enobunzima obuphantsi?

Ukuba umntwana wakho wazalwa enobunzima obuphantsi, unokufuna unyango olukhethekileyo kwiyunithi yokhathalelo oluphezulu lweentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa (i-NICU) yesibhedlele . Umntwana uza kuhlala kwi-NICU de umntwana abe nobunzima obaneleyo kwaye oogqirha bacinga ukuba uphilile ngokwaneleyo ukuba angabuyela ekhaya.

Izinga lokusinda komntwana ozelwe enobunzima obuphantsi lixhomekeke kubunzima bakhe ekuzalweni. Iintsana ezinobunzima obungaphantsi kwama-500 grams (0.5 kg) zinethuba elincinci lokusinda. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubela phambili kwisayensi yezonyango yenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukusindisa neentsana ezincinci kakhulu.

Xa ubona umntwana wakho ekwi-NICU, uya kuziva ulusizi kakhulu kwaye woyika. Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Kodwa themba oogqirha bomntwana wakho. Baza kwenza konke okusemandleni abo ukunceda umntwana wakho atyebe aze amlungiselele ukuya ekhaya evela esibhedlele.

Ngaba ukuzalwa komntwana ezelwe emncinci kunokuthintela?

Ewe, unokunceda ekuthinteleni usana lwakho ukuba luzalwe lunobunzima obuphantsi. Lumka kwezi zinto ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwakho:

• Yiya ekliniki ngexesha (Ukuhlolwa rhoqo): Landela imiyalelo kagqirha ngokuchanekileyo.
• Fumana umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo weekhalori kunye nesondlo: Yitya ukutya okunesondlo nokulinganayo.
• Ukuba unesifo seswekile, lawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho.
• Kuphephe ngokupheleleyo ukusebenzisa utywala necuba.

Ndingamnyamekela njani umntwana wam?

Ukuba umntwana wakho wazalwa enobunzima obuphantsi, buza ugqirha wakho ukuba ungenza ntoni ukuze umncede atyebe aze ahlale esempilweni. Njengoko umntwana wakho ekhula, qiniseka ukuba utya ukutya okunempilo, udlala kwaye usebenza . Kubalulekile nokumsa ekliniki ngexesha ukuze afumane ugonyo .

Ngokuya ekliniki rhoqo, ugqirha womntwana wakho unokuchonga iimeko zempilo ezinokubangela iingxaki njengoko ekhula. Ukugonywa kunokukhusela umntwana wakho kwizifo eziyingozi.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ungabuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Ndingenza ntoni ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nomntwana onobunzima obuphantsi?
• Ukuba umntwana wam wazalwa enobunzima obuphantsi, ndingenza ntoni ukuze ndimncede atyebe?
• Ngaba umntwana wam uza kuba neengxaki ezinkulu ngenxa yokuzalwa enobunzima obuphantsi?
• Ngaba umntwana wam udinga naluphi na uvavanyo okanye iinkqubo zonyango?
• Luluphi unyango olucebisa umntwana wam?
• Ngaba umntwana wam kufuneka athathe naluphi na unyango?

Okokugqibela, khumbula (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ezinye iintsana ezizalwa zinobunzima obuphantsi zincinci kwaye ziphilile. Kodwa ubunzima bokuzalwa kosana lwakho lunokunceda oogqirha ukuba bagqibe ukuba lufuna unyango olukhethekileyo emva nje kokuzalwa. Ezinye iintsana zinokuba neengxaki zempilo ezinzulu ngenxa yobunzima bokuzalwa obuphantsi. Ukuba umntwana wakho wazalwa enobunzima obuphantsi, unokufuna ukuhlala kwi-NICU. Oko kunokuba nzima ukukuthwala. Kodwa bathembe oogqirha bomntwana wakho . Benza konke okusemandleni abo ukunceda umntwana wakho. Kubalulekile nokuba uziqhelise imikhwa enempilo ukususela ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwakho kwaye ulandele iingcebiso zikagqirha wakho emva kokuba ufumene umntwana wakho.

ubunzima obuphantsi bokuzalwa, ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha, ukunqongophala kokukhula kosana olungekazalwa, i-NICU, impilo yosana, ukukhulelwa, ukhathalelo lomntwana