Ingaba umbono wakho ubuthathaka kancinci? Masifunde ngeLow Vision.

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva ngathi ukubona kwakho kubuthathaka kancinci? Mhlawumbi nokuba uneziglasi okanye iilensi zokunxibelelana, awukwazi ukubona izinto ngokucacileyo? Ngaba unengxaki yokwenza imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla, ukufunda incwadi, okanye ukubukela iTV? Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesihloko esinokuba sibalulekile kuwe. Leyo yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Low Vision".

Yintoni kanye kanye into yokubona okuphantsi?

Ngamafutshane, le yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Low Vision" eyenzeka xa unengxaki yokubona engapheliyo . Oku kuthetha ukuba ayinakulungiswa ngokupheleleyo ngokunxiba iiglasi, usebenzisa "contact lens", okanye nokuba kwenziwe utyando lwamehlo. Uninzi loogqirha bamehlo bachaza le meko "Low Vision" njengenqanaba eliphakathi ukuya kwelikhulu lokuphazamiseka kokubona. Ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani bokuphazamiseka, kunokuphazamisana nemisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla, njengokuqhuba okanye ukufunda.

Mhlawumbi ukhe waweva amagama anje ngokuthi “ukubona kancinci” okanye “ukungaboni ngokusemthethweni.” La ngamabinzana athile aphantsi kwesihloko esibanzi esithi “ukubona okuphantsi.” Kodwa akwamisela nokuba uyafaneleka na ukufumana imfundo ekhethekileyo okanye iinkonzo zokukhubazeka.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba, `(Ukubona okuphantsi)` akuthethi ukuba ulahlekelwe ngokupheleleyo kukubona . Kukho inqanaba elithile lokubona eliseleyo. `(Iinkonzo zokulungisa umbono)` zikho ukukunceda ukuba usebenzise loo mbono iseleyo. Ingcali ingakunceda ufumane `(izixhobo zokunceda ukubona okuphantsi)` ezifanelekileyo kuwe kwaye zikuncede wenze ubomi bakho bube lula.

Uvavanyo lokujonga oluphantsi lulinganiswa njani?

Enye yeendlela eziphambili esizisebenzisa rhoqo xa sivavanya amehlo ethu yi-"Snellen eye chart." Le ndlela ilinganisa indlela obona ngayo ngokucacileyo into ekumgama weenyawo ezingama-20. Kuthiwa umntu obonayo ngendlela eqhelekileyo une-20/20. Oko kuthetha ukuba unokubona ngokucacileyo xa umgama weenyawo ezingama-20.

Khawuthelekelele umbono wakho ungama-20/70. Oku kuthetha ukuba ungabona into ethile ukusuka kwiinyawo ezingama-20 ukusuka apho umntu oqhelekileyo angayibona khona ukusuka kwiinyawo ezingama-70 ukusuka apho. I-World Health Organisation (WHO) ithi le nqanaba libonisa umbono ophantsi ophakathi. Umbono ongama-20/200 nangaphezulu uthathwa njengombono ophantsi kakhulu.

Kodwa iingcali zamehlo azijongi nje eli nani. Kukho ezinye iimvavanyo ezilinganisa intsimi yakho yokubona, njengovavanyo lwentsimi yokubona, ukuze ubone ukuba ungabona kude kangakanani na kwicala ngalinye. Ukuba intsimi yakho yokubona ingama-20 degrees okanye ngaphantsi, oko kuthathwa njengombono ophantsi.

Kubalulekile: Abanye abantu baneembono eziphantsi, kodwa zinokulungiswa ngeeglasi, iilensi zoqhagamshelwano, okanye utyando. Ukuba umbono wakho uyaphucuka emva konyango, awunambono uphantsi. Umbono ophantsi yimeko ehlala ihleli nokuba unxibe iiglasi.

Zithini iimpawu zokubona okuphantsi?

Ukubona okuphantsi kunokuchaphazela wonke umntu ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ungahlangabezana nezinto ezifana nezi:

• Ukulahlekelwa yimbono ephakathi: Ukungakwazi ukubona izinto ngqo phambi kwakho ngokucacileyo. Kufana nokuba embindini wefoto awucacanga.
• Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono ojikeleze amehlo: Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono ojikeleze amehlo, njengokubheka ngetyhubhu.
• Ukulahleka kokuqonda okunzulu: Ukungakwazi ukwahlula ngokuchanekileyo umgama phakathi kwezinto. Oku kunokuba nzima xa unyuka okanye uhla izinyuko.
• Ukulahleka kobuzwelo bokungafani: Ubunzima bokwahlula phakathi kwezinto ezikwimvelaphi yemibala efanayo. Umzekelo, kunokuba nzima ukwahlula iitapile ezimhlophe kwipleyiti yerayisi emhlophe.
• Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono ebusuku: Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono kwiimeko zokukhanya okuphantsi ebusuku.
• Ukulahleka kokumelana nokukhazimla: Xa ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo kubetha emehlweni, amehlo aba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaye awukwazi ukubona nto.

Izinto ezinjalo zinokubangela ukuba ube neengxaki ebomini bakho bemihla ngemihla:

• Ubunzima bokufunda iincwadi, amaphephandaba, nezinto ezikwifowuni yakho.
• Ukungakwazi ukuqhuba .
• Ubunzima bokusebenza nokupheka ekhitshini.
• Ubunzima bokufunda esikolweni naseklasini.
• Ukungakwazi ukubona kakuhle xa ubukele iTV okanye iividiyo.
• Ubunzima bokusebenzisa ikhompyutha .
• Ubunzima bokubona ubuso babantu .
• Kunzima ukufumana indlela yakho, ingakumbi xa usiya kwiindawo ezintsha, ongazaziyo .

Iimpawu zokubona okuphantsi kubantwana abancinci

Ukuba umntwana wakho ubona kancinci, unokubonisa iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukusoloko ungqubana nezinto .
• Bajonga izinto kufutshane kakhulu nobuso babo .
• Ukusoloko ekrwitsha okanye eqhwanyaza amehlo .
• Ndisoloko ndijonga ngeliso elinye livaliwe okanye ngesandla sam .
• Kubonakala ngathi amehlo am ayaphaphazela, andikwazi ukuwagcina kwindawo enye .
• Amehlo awajongi kwicala elinye .
• Ubungakanani bamacandelo amabini elihlo , iris kunye nomfundi, buyahluka .
• I -iris kunye ne-pupil zibonakala zingwevu okanye zimhlophe .

Ukuba ubona iimpawu ezinje, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zokuphazamiseka kokubona okungapheliyo

Ukuphila nokulahlekelwa yimbono engapheliyo kunokubangela neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana nezi:

• Ukuncipha komsebenzi womzimba nowentlalontle.
• Ukulahlekelwa yinkululeko okanye ngumsebenzi .
• Imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Charles Bonnet syndrome" apho ubona izinto ezingekhoyo.
• Iingxaki zengqondo ezifana nokuxhalaba okanye ukudakumba .

Yintoni ebangela oku kuncipha kombono?

Ukungaboni kakuhle kunokubangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ukugula, iingozi, kunye neziphene zokuzalwa nazo.

Ezinye zezizathu eziphambili ezibonwa rhoqo zezi:

• Ukuwohloka kwe-macular: Le yimeko apho ulahlekelwa kancinci kancinci umbono wakho ophakathi. Ungabona indawo efipheleyo okanye emnyama embindini wombono wakho. Ihlala isenzeka kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala.
• IiCataracts: Esi sisifo samehlo esixhaphakileyo ngokwaluphala. Esi sisigqubuthelo seliso. Oku kunokususwa rhoqo ngotyando (utyando lweCataract). Nangona kunjalo, ayinguye wonke umntu onokutyandwa.
• I-Glaucoma: Esi sisifo esiqhubekekayo esonakalisa umthambo wakho wokubona. Ekuqaleni sichaphazela umbono ongaphandle kunye nombono wasebusuku. Ukuba asinyangwa kakuhle, umonakalo ongenakulungiseka unokwenzeka.
• I-retinopathy enxulumene nesifo seswekile: Le yingxaki yesifo seswekile apho ulwelo luphuma kwimithambo yegazi esweni, nto leyo ebeka uxinzelelo kwi-retina, nto leyo enokuyonakalisa ekugqibeleni.
• I-Retinopathy yokungakhuli kakuhle: Iintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha kwaye zinyangwa kwii-incubators zinokuba nemithambo yegazi engaqhelekanga kwi-retina yazo. Kwiimeko ezimbalwa, oku kunokubangela umonakalo ongunaphakade.
• I-Amblyopia / iliso elivilaphayo: Esi sisiphene sokuzalwa. Elinye iliso libona izinto zingabonakali. Njengoko ingqondo yomntwana iqhelana neliso elihle kwaye ingalinaki iliso elibuthathaka, elo liso liqala ukubheka ecaleni kancinci kancinci.

Ezinye izizathu ziquka:

• Iimpazamo zokujongwa kweliso: Ezi zichaphazela ukuma kweliso, zibangele ukubona kufutshane okanye ukubona kude. Nangona ezi zinokulungiswa, zinokuba mandundu ukuba azinyangwa.
• I-Trachoma: Olu luhlobo lwentsholongwane olubangelwa yintsholongwane. Amehlo anokuba bomvu aze onakale. Lulona sizathu siphambili sokulahlekelwa yimbono ehlabathini, ingakumbi kumazwe asakhasayo.
• I-Strabismus (amehlo angahambelani kakuhle): Ingxaki yezihlunu ezishukumisa amehlo. Idla ngokuqala ebuntwaneni okanye ebuntwaneni.
• I-Nystagmus:Le yimeko apho amehlo ahamba ngokukhawuleza nangokungalawulekiyo, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukugxila kwindawo enye. Inokubakho xa umntu ezalwa okanye ikhule kamva ebomini.
• I-Retinitis pigmentosa: Eli liqela lezifo zamehlo ezizuzwe njengelifa. I-retina ayisebenzi kakuhle. Inokubangelwa ziinguqu ezahlukeneyo zemfuza.
• I-hypertensive retinopathy: Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ixesha elide lunokuphazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi kumalungu omzimba, kuquka ne-retina. Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono kungaba luphawu lokuqala lwengxaki yokuhamba kwegazi.
• Ukuqhekeka kwe-retina: Yimeko engenabuhlungu kodwa imbi kakhulu. I-retina iyahlukana nezicubu zayo ezixhasayo. Inokubangela ukulahleka kokubona ngequbuliso nangokungapheliyo.
• Ukuwohloka kwamehlo: I-optic nerve iyaphela kancinci kancinci. Oku kunokubangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo, kuquka iingozi, usulelo, kunye neengxaki zokuhamba kwegazi.
• Ukulimala kwamehlo: Ukulimala kwamehlo okunzulu kunokubangela umonakalo ongunaphakade, ingakumbi ukuba akubonwanga kwaye akunyangwa kakuhle. Lumka ukuba uhlangabezana neengxaki zokubona emva kwengozi.
• Ukulimala kwengqondo: Ukulimala okukhulu entloko okanye istroke kunokonakalisa ingqondo kwaye kuchaphazele umbono. Iimpawu ezifana neentloko ezibuhlungu kunye nesiyezi nazo zinokuvela, kunye neengxaki zokubona.
• Ukunqongophala kweVithamini A: IVithamini A ibalulekile ekuboneni. Ukuba awuyifumani ngokwaneleyo ekutyeni kwakho, okanye ukuba umzimba wakho awukwazi ukuyifunxa, ukubona kwakho kunokuphazamiseka. Ukungaboni ebusuku luphawu lokuqala.
• Umhlaza wamehlo: Zonke iintlobo zomhlaza wamehlo azixhaphakanga, kodwa zinokubangela ukulahleka kokubona. Unyango lokususa umhlaza lunokonakalisa okanye lususe iindawo zeliso, nto leyo enokubangela ukulahleka kokubona.

Indlela yokubona umbono ophantsi?

Ingcali yamehlo inokuxilonga ukukhubazeka kwakho kokubona ngokwenza uvavanyo olwahlukeneyo lokubona. Uza kukuxelela ukuba ingxaki yintoni, inzima kangakanani, kwaye inokunyangeka na. Ukuba iphakathi ukuya kwenkulu, ayilungiseki, kwaye ichaphazela ubomi bakho kakhulu, ifunyaniswa ukuba "yiLow Vision".

Ukufumana uxilongo olunje kunokuba nzima kakhulu, ingakumbi ukuba ubungazi ngomonakalo ongenakuguqulwa ekuboneni kwakho. Usenokuba neempendulo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ukothuka, ukudideka, ukungabi namandla, ukungavumi, umsindo, kunye nosizi. Konke oku kungokwemvelo.

Iingcali zamehlo zinyanga njani ukubona okuphantsi?

Xa ubona ugqirha wamehlo ogxile ekuboneni okuphantsi, uza kukunika uvavanyo olukhethekileyo olubizwa ngokuba 'luvavanyo lokujonga okuphantsi.' Okokuqala, uza kuthatha imbali epheleleyo yempilo yamehlo akho, aze akubuze ukuba imeko yakho yangoku ibuchaphazela njani ubomi bakho.

Uyakubuza ukuba ukubona okuphantsi kuchaphazela njani ezi zinto kuwe:

• Imisebenzi yesikolo okanye yomsebenzi.
• Ukufunda nokusebenzisa ikhompyutha.
• Ukuqhuba.
• Imisebenzi yasekhitshini.
• Ukuqaphela ubuso.
• Ukukwazi ukuhamba.
• Izinto ozithandayo kunye nemisebenzi yokuzonwabisa.
• Imeko yengqondo kunye nobomi bentlalo.

Ugqirha uza kuhlola namehlo akho kunye nokubona kwakho ukuze ajonge naluphi na utshintsho kwimeko yakho. Baza kusebenzisa iitshathi ezikhethekileyo zovavanyo "lokubona okuphantsi" ukulinganisa ubuchule bakho bokubona.

Ungafuna ukujonga oku:

• Intsimi yombono.
• Umsebenzi wezihlunu zamehlo.
• Uvakalelo lwe-glare.
• Ubuchule bokwahlula umbala (uvakalelo lomahluko).
• Umbono wasebusuku.
• Umbono wombala.
• Ukuqonda okunzulu.
• Ubuchule bokufunda.

Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo lwakho, ingcali yombono ophantsi iya kudala isicwangciso sonyango esilungiselelwe wena ngokwemingeni yakho kunye neemfuno zakho. Baza kukunika izixhobo kunye neengcebiso zokukunceda uhlengahlengise kwaye uphucule umgangatho wobomi bakho.

Ukuvuselelwa kombono

Unyango lokubona okuphantsi lubizwa ngokuba yi-'rehabilitation deviation'. Injongo yolu nyango kukubuyisela umbono wakho kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo kwaye kukuncede uphile ngokuzimela kangangoko unako ngombono onawo. Oku kungabandakanya izixhobo ezahlukeneyo.

Isicwangciso sakho singabandakanya:

Izixhobo zokunceda ukubona kancinci

Unokufumana ezi ziluncedo:

• Incwadi kagqirha yeeglasi okanye iilensi zokunxibelelana.
• Izikhulisi ze-optical okanye iiteleskopu.
• Izikhulisi ze-elektroniki kunye nezifundi zesikrini.
• Iimveliso ezineefonti ezinkulu kunye nomahluko ombala ophezulu.
• Itekhnoloji yokufunda isandi ukusuka kwilizwi ukuya kwisicatshulwa.
• Izixhobo zasekhaya ezivakalayo.

Uqeqesho olusebenzayo kunye nenkxaso

Ungakufumana oku kuluncedo:

• Unyango lomsebenzi kukufunda ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ngeendlela ezintsha.
• Ingcali yokuhambahamba ekunceda ufunde ukuhambahamba.
• Umqeqeshi wokubuyisela ubomi kwimeko yesiqhelo ofundisa izakhono zokuphila ngokuzimela.
• Imfundo ekhethekileyo okanye iinkonzo zomsebenzi.
• Unyango lwengqondo okanye ingcebiso ukuze kugcinwe impilo yengqondo.
• Amaqela enkxaso apho unokunxibelelana nabanye abaphila nombono ophantsi.

Ndingaphila njani ndingaboni kakuhle?

Ayingabo bonke abantu abangaboni kakuhle abaya kufuna iinkonzo zokulungisa imeko yabo, kodwa uninzi lwabo lunokungenelwa kakhulu kuzo. Kukho ubutyebi bezixhobo ezikhoyo kubo, ukusuka kwizixhobo ezisebenzayo, iingcebiso, kunye namaqhinga ukuya kwiinkqubo zenkxaso yoluntu neyengqondo.

Ukuziqhelanisa nokukhubazeka akulula, kodwa kulula ukukwenza ngoncedo lwabanye kunokuba kuzama ukukwenza wedwa. Khumbula, nokuba ziziphi na iingxaki zakho, omnye umntu ukhe wajongana nazo ngaphambi kwakho. Abanye baye bafumana izisombululo neendlela zokujongana nazo, kwaye ungabelana nabo ngezo zinto.

Ndingakuthintela na umonakalo ongapheliyo emehlweni?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela umonakalo ongapheliyo wokubona kukwenza uvavanyo lwamehlo rhoqo kwaye ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba ubona nantoni na engaqhelekanga. Nangona kungengazo zonke izizathu zokubona okuphantsi ezinokuthintelwa, ezininzi zinokunyangwa ukuba zifunyenwe kwangethuba .

Kuthetha ukuthini ukuthi 'ukubona kancinci'?

Uninzi lwabantu lusebenzisa igama elithi "ukubona kancinci" ngokukhululekileyo, ukuze lithethe umntu onokukhubazeka kokubona okuthile. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha linokuthetha into ethile ecacileyo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, linokuthetha into efana "nokubona okuphantsi okuphakathi" (ukubona okuphakathi kwe-20/70 okanye okubi ngakumbi).

Kwamanye amazwe, ungabhalisa kurhulumente njengomntu “ongaboni kakuhle” ukuze ufumane izibonelelo ezithile. Ukuba unombono ophantsi, uyafaneleka njengo “ongaboni kakuhle.” Kwinkqubo yemfundo, ukuba “nombono ongekho kakuhle” kunokuthetha ukuba uyafaneleka ukufumana iinkonzo zemfundo ekhethekileyo.

Nangona inokuqala xa umntu ezalwa, ukubona kwabantu abaninzi kuyawohloka kancinci kancinci – ngamanye amaxesha kancinci kangangokuba abakuqondi nokukuqonda oko. Nokuba ungumzali, ungumfundi, ungumntu osebenzayo, okanye udla umhlala-phantsi, ukwamkela ukuqiniseka kokulahlekelwa kukubona kunokuba nzima.

Akukho mntu ulungele ubomi obungaboni kakuhle, kodwa abantu abaninzi ngaphambili baye baqhelana nayo ngempumelelo baza benza indlela eya phambili yacaca. Khumbula, awuwedwa – iqela lakho lononophelo lobuchwephesha kunye noluntu lwakho bakhona ukukunceda ngamava abo.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Kulungile, ngoku unombono olungileyo wento ebesithetha ngayo, ``(Umbono ophantsi)`` okanye umbono ophantsi. Nazi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• Ukubona okuphantsi kukuphazamiseka kokubona okungapheliyo okungenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, nokuba kusetyenziswe iiglasi okanye utyando.
• Oku akusiyo ubumfama obupheleleyo. Kusekho umbono othile.
• Iimpawu zingahluka kumntu nomntu. Zingabandakanya ukuncipha kokubona kwangaphambili, ukuncipha kokubona okusecaleni, kunye nobunzima bokufunda.
• Zininzi izinto ezibangela oku. Ezi ziquka izifo ezifana nesifo seswekile, i-cataract, i-glaucoma, iingozi kunye neziphene zokuzalwa.
• Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nolawulo olufanelekileyo kubalulekile. Ukubonana nogqirha wamehlo kunye nokufumana iinkonzo "zokuvuselela umbono" kunokwenza ubomi bube lula.
• Awuwedwa. Kukho oogqirha, abacebisi, kunye namaqela enkxaso anokunceda.

Ukuba ucinga ukuba unengxaki yokubona ngolu hlobo, nceda ungoyiki okanye ube neentloni zokubona ugqirha wamehlo. Ukwenza izinto kwangethuba kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu ebomini bakho.

Ukubona , Ukubona Okuphantsi, Izifo Zamehlo, Ukuphazamiseka Kokubona, Ukubona Okuphantsi, Ukuhlolwa Kwamehlo, Ukuvuselelwa Kokubona