Ngaba uhlala ugula? Ngamanye amaxesha nokuba umkhuhlane omncinci uthatha ixesha elide ukuba uphile, okanye uhlala uzive ubuthathaka? Esinye sezizathu zezi zinto kukuncipha kohlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba zii-lymphocytes, ezifana namajoni emzimbeni wakho alwa nezifo. Oogqirha babiza le meko ngokuthi 'i-lymphopenia.' Ngoko ke, masithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha namhlanje, akunjalo? Asinto yokoyika, kubalulekile ukuba uyiqaphele.

Yintoni i-lymphopenia? Masiyiqonde ngokulula!

Ngamafutshane, i-lymphopenia yimeko apho inani lee-lymphocytes egazini lakho liphantsi kunesiqhelo. Ngoku usenokuba uyazibuza ukuba zeziphi ezi lymphocytes.

Kukho uhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi egazini lethu. Ezo seli ezimhlophe zegazi zezo zisikhusela ngokulwa neentsholongwane ezingena emizimbeni yethu, oko kukuthi, iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane ezibangela izifo. Kufana nomkhosi omncinci emizimbeni yethu. Phakathi kwama-20% nama-40% ezi seli ezimhlophe zegazi kukho olu hlobo lukhethekileyo lweeseli ezibizwa ngokuba yiLymphocytes.

Imisebenzi ephambili yezi seli ze-lymph (ii-Lymphocytes) yile:

• Ukulwa neentsholongwane (iintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, iiparasites, iifungi) ezingena emzimbeni.
• Ukutshabalalisa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga, ezifana neeseli zomhlaza.
• Sisebenza njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yomzimba wethu yokuzikhusela.

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze-lymphocytes:

• Ii-T-lymphocytes okanye ii-T-cells: Ezi zinceda ekutshabalaliseni ngokuthe ngqo iiseli ezineentsholongwane kunye neeseli zomhlaza.
• Ii-B-lymphocytes okanye ii-B-cells: Ezi zezona zinto zenza ii-antibodies. Ezi antibodies zinceda ekuboneni nasekuhlaseleni iintsholongwane.
• Iiseli zokubulala zendalo (iiseli ze-NK): Ezi zikwanegalelo ekutshatyalalisweni kweeseli ezineentsholongwane kunye neeseli zomhlaza.

Ngoko ke, xa inani lee-lymphocytes lincipha, oko kukuthi, xa imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-lymphopenia isenzeka, amandla omzimba wethu okumelana nezifo ayancipha. Emva koko, izifo zinokukhula ngokulula, kwaye izifo ezikhula zinokuthatha ixesha elide ukuphiliswa.

I-Lymphopenia ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-lymphocytopenia kunye ne-lymphocytic leukopenia. I-Leukopenia ibhekisa ekunciphiseni kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ngokubanzi. I-"Lymphocytic" leukopenia ibhekisa ekunciphiseni kwee-lymphocytes ngokukodwa.

Zingaphi ii-lymphocytes ekufuneka zibe khona ngokuqhelekileyo?

Inani lezi seli ze-lymph (ii-Lymphocytes) liyahluka phakathi kwabantu abadala nabantwana.

• Kubantu abadala: Ngokwesiqhelo, kufuneka kubekho iiseli ze-lymph eziphakathi kwe-1,000 kunye ne-4,800 kwi-microliter nganye yegazi. I-Lymphopenia iyenzeka xa eli nani lingaphantsi kwe-1,000.
• Eyabantwana:Ngokwesiqhelo, kukho inani le-lymphocyte eliphakathi kwama-3,000 nama-9,500 kwi-microliter yegazi. Eli nqanaba liphantsi linokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubudala bomntwana. Umzekelo, ukuba umntwana ongaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala unenani le-lymphocyte elingaphantsi kwama-3,000, oko kuthathwa njenge-lymphopenia.

La maxabiso anokwahluka kancinci kwilabhoratri nganye, ngoko ke kungcono ukuwathelekisa namaxabiso aphakathi kwingxelo yakho.

Ziziphi iimpawu ze-lymphopenia?

Eyona nto ingcono kukuba ukuba une-lymphopenia yodwa, oko kuthetha ukuba akukho lymphocytes zininzi, uhlala ungenazo iimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho isifo esibangela ukuba inani le-lymphocyte libe liphantsi, usenokuba neempawu ezinxulumene neso sifo. Okanye usenokuba nosulelo oluqhelekileyo.

Ezinye zeempawu ezinokubonakala zezi:

• Ifiva
• Ukukhwehlela
• Impumlo enemifinya
• Ulusu oluqhawukileyo okanye ezinye izifo zesikhumba
• Ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo
• Ukudumba kwamalungu
• Izilonda zomlomo
• Ukutyheli kwamehlo nolusu (i-Jaundice)
• I-spleen ekhulisiweyo okanye i-splenomegaly

Ukuba une-lymphopenia enzima, unokufumana usulelo rhoqo, okanye usulelo lungathatha ixesha elide ukuphola. Nangona kunjalo, nge-lymphopenia encinci, usenokungabi nazimpawu.

Kutheni la manani e-lymphocyte ehla? Zithini izizathu?

Kunokubakho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokuba kutheni usenokuba ne-lymphocytes ephantsi. Ngamanye amaxesha unokuzalwa unemeko ebangela le meko. Okanye isenokukhula kamva ebomini. Ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu, i-lymphopenia inokuba yeyobomi bonke (engapheliyo) okanye isenokuphela ngokuzenzekelayo (ngokukhawulezileyo).

Ezinye zezona zinto ziphambili ezibangela i-lymphopenia zizifo, amayeza athile, kunye nokungabikho kokutya okunempilo.

1. Ngenxa yosulelo

Iintsholongwane ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, iiparasites kunye neefungi zinokubangela ukwehla kwee-lymphocytes. Nazi imizekelo embalwa:

• `I-HIV` kunye `ne-AIDS`
• Umkhuhlane (umkhuhlane) - oko kukuthi, ngolwimi oluqhelekileyo, umkhuhlane.
• `I-COVID-19`
• I-Hepatitis - isifo sesibindi
• I-Malaria
• I-Mascus
• Ukukrala kwemiphunga
• Isifo sephepha

Xa usulelo olunjalo lusenzeka, iiseli ze-lymph zomzimba (iiLymphocytes) zinokutshatyalaliswa ukuze zilwe nazo, okanye imveliso yazo ingathintelwa okwethutyana.

2. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwesondlo

Le yeyona nto iphambili ebangela i-lymphopenia kwihlabathi liphela. Yifumane ngokwaneleyo ekutyeni kwakho.Ukungondleki kakuhle, okanye ukunqongophala kweevithamini kunye neeminerali ezifana nevithamini B12, i-folic acid, okanye i-zinc, kunokuchaphazela ukuveliswa kwee-lymphocytes. Ngenxa yendlela yethu yokuphila exakekileyo, ngamanye amaxesha asiyihoyi ngokwaneleyo into esiyityayo. Ukuba izinto ezinje ziyaqhubeka, olu hlobo lweemeko lunokwenzeka.

3. Ngenxa yeemeko ezizuzwe njengelifa

Kukho izifo ezingaqhelekanga zemfuza ezidluliselwa kubazali ukuya ebantwaneni. Ezi zifo zinokubangela ukwehla kwe-lymphocytes. Eminye imizekelo:

• `Ataxia-telangiectasia`
• ``Ukungakwazi ukuzikhusela komzimba okuqhelekileyo''
• `Isifo sikaDiGeorge`
• "Isifo sokungakwazi ukuzikhusela komzimba okudibeneyo (i-SCID)"
• `Isifo sikaWiskott-Aldrich`

Ezi zizinto ezintsonkothileyo kancinci, kodwa ezi ziimeko ezingaqhelekanga kakhulu.

4. Ngenxa yezifo ezichaphazela umzimba

Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo ziyenzeka xa inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela, inkqubo esikhusela kwizifo, ihlasela ngempazamo iiseli zethu eziphilileyo. Khawuthelekelele, inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wakho iyaphela ize iqale ukulwa neeseli zayo ezilungileyo. Yiyo loo nto yonke le nto. Iilymphocytes zinokuba phakathi kweeseli ezihlaselayo.

Ezinye zezifo ezinjalo:

• I-Lupus
• I-Sarcoidosis
• I-Myasthenia gravis
• I-rheumatoid arthritis - oko kuthetha ukudumba kwamalungu

5. Ngenxa yeengxaki zegazi kunye nomhlaza

Njengezinye iiseli egazini, ii-lymphocytes ziveliswa kumongo wethambo. Ngoko ke, izifo zegazi kunye nomhlaza ochaphazela umongo wethambo zinokuphazamisa ukuveliswa kwee-lymphocytes.

• I-Aplastic anemia - imeko apho umongo wethambo uvelisa iiseli ezimbalwa
• I-Lymphoma - umhlaza wenkqubo ye-lymphatic
• I-Leukemia - umhlaza wegazi
• Iimpawu zeMyelodysplastic

6. Njengeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza kunye nonyango

Iilymphocytes zinokuncitshiswa, ingakumbi ngenxa yonyango lomhlaza kunye namayeza athile ezifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba.

• Ukufakelwa komongo wethambo
• Unyango ngamakhemikhali
• Unyango ngemitha
• Ii-immunosuppressants - umzekelo, ii-corticosteroids.

7. Ngenxa yoTywala oluyingozi

Ukusela utywala kakhulu (njengebhiya, iwayini, kunye notywala) kunokuchaphazela kakubi ii-lymphocytes, kunciphisa inani lazo.

Uyazi njani ukuba une-lymphopenia?

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba une-lymphopenia, kungcono ukubona ugqirha uze uthethe ngayo. Ugqirha uza kukubuza ngembali yakho yezonyango, iimpawu zakho zangoku, kunye nendlela ophila ngayo. Emva koko banokwenza uvavanyo oluthile.

Ukuhlolwa nokubuzwa ngugqirha

• Imbali yezonyango: Ugqirha wakho uza kukubuza ngembali yakho yezonyango yangaphambili, amayeza angoku, kunye nonyango. Umzekelo, ukuba kutshanje ube ne-COVID-19, ugqirha wakho unokucinga ukuba usulelo lwentsholongwane lubangele ukuba inani le-lymphocyte yakho lehle. Ukuba uthatha amayeza anjenge-corticosteroids, oko kungaba yimbangela.
• Uvavanyo lomzimba: Ugqirha uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho aze ajonge izinto ezinje ngomkhuhlane, ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo, kunye ne-spleen ekhulisiweyo.
• Imibuzo yendlela yokuphila: Ungabuzwa malunga nokutya kwakho ukuze kubonwe ukuba unayo na intswelo yesondlo. Ungabuzwa nangobomi bakho besondo (njengokuba usebenzisa iindlela ezikhuselekileyo na) ukuze kuthintelwe izifo ezifana ne-HIV.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo?

Kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi ezivavanya iiseli zegazi kunye nomongo wethambo.

• Ubalo lweGazi olupheleleyo (CBC): Oku kubala inani lazo zonke iintlobo zeeseli egazini lakho (kuquka iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi).
• Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo olune-differential (CBC olune-differential): Oku kubala inani lohlobo ngalunye lweseli emhlophe yegazi (kuquka iiplatelets) ngokwahlukeneyo.
• I-Flow cytometry: Olu luvavanyo olukhethekileyo. Lunokulinganisa ngokwahlukeneyo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-lymphocytes, ezifana nee-B cells, ii-T cells, kunye nee-NK cells.
• Uvavanyo lwenqanaba le-immunoglobulin: Olu vavanyo lulinganisa ubungakanani beeproteni ezibizwa ngokuba zii-antibodies egazini lakho. Lunokunceda ekuchongeni iimeko ezininzi ezinxulumene ne-lymphopenia, ezinje ngezifo, izifo zokuzikhusela komzimba, kunye nomhlaza.
• Uhlalutyo lomongo wethambo: Oku akwenzelwa wonke umntu, kodwa ugqirha wakho unokucebisa olu vavanyo ukuba kukho ukurhaneleka kokuba kukho ingxaki enkulu ngokuveliswa kwee-lymphocytes.

Ukongeza, ezinye iimvavanyo zingenziwa ukujonga izifo ezithile ezinokubangela i-lymphopenia (ezifana novavanyo lwe-HIV, uvavanyo lwesifo sephepha, uvavanyo lomkhuhlane, okanye uvavanyo lwe-COVID-19).

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-lymphopenia?

Kwiimeko ezininzi , i-lymphopenia encinci, ingakumbi ukuba akukho zimpawu, ayifuni naluphi na unyango olukhethekileyo. Ukuba ibangelwa yinto efana nosulelo, inani lee-lymphocytes liza kubuyela esiqhelweni xa umzimba uphilile kusulelo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba i-lymphopenia inyangwa ngokunyanga unobangela oyintloko.

Emva kokufumanisa unobangela we-lymphocytes yakho ephantsi, ugqirha wakho uya kukunika unyango olufanelekileyo.

Ngaba i-Lymphopenia inganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Ukuba wazalwa unesimo semfuza esikuthintela ekwenzeni ii-lymphocytes ngokufanelekileyo, unyango olubizwa ngokuba yi-hematopoietic stem cell transplant ngamanye amaxesha lunokuba lunyango. Oku kuquka ukususa ii-stem cells ezonakeleyo okanye ezineengxaki zegazi uze uzithathele indawo ngee-stem cells eziphilileyo. Ezi seli zintsha emva koko zivelisa ii-lymphocytes, kunye nezinye iiseli zegazi.

Nangona kunjalo, olu nyango luyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye kukho iingozi ezibandakanyekileyo. Asinguye wonke umntu onokukwenza oku. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba oku kukulungele okanye akunjalo.

Amayeza asetyenziselwa unyango

Ukuba une-lymphopenia enzima, oko kuthetha ukuba ufumana usulelo rhoqo, ugqirha wakho unokukunika imijovo ye-immunoglobulin (IG) . Le mijovo yomeleza amasosha omzimba wakho kwaye ikuncede ukulwa nosulelo. Ungacetyiswa ukuba uqhubeke nokuthatha le mijovo ye-IG ukuthintela usulelo oluqhelekileyo.

Ngaba i-lymphopenia ingathintelwa?

I-Lymphopenia ebangelwa zizizathu zemfuza ayinakuthintelwa. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-lymphopenia ngenxa yezinye izizathu:

• Zikhusele kwiintsholongwane: Thatha onke amanyathelo anokwenzeka ukuze uzikhusele kwiintsholongwane ezibangela izifo.
• Iindlela zesondo ezikhuselekileyo: Landela iindlela ezikhuselekileyo zokuthintela izifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo (ii-STI) ezifana ne-HIV.
• Ukulawula utywala: Ukuba usela utywala, nciphisa. Kungcono ukuba ungaseli ngaphezu kwebhotile enye yebhiya, iglasi enye yewayini, okanye idosi enye yotywala ngosuku.

Ukuba une-lymphopenia, ungazikhusela njani kwiintsholongwane?

Ukuba inani le-lymphocyte yakho liphantsi, kubalulekile ukuzikhusela kwiintsholongwane. Nazi ezinye izinto ezinokukunceda:

• Gonyelwa: Gonyelwa umkhuhlane kunye ne-COVID-19. Buza ugqirha wakho ngezinye iindlela zokugonyelwa.
• Ziphephe iindawo apho umngcipheko wokosuleleka uphezulu khona: Hlala kude nabantu abagulayo okanye abasenokuba bayagula. Nciphisa ukuvezwa kwiindawo ezixineneyo nezingenamoya uneleyo ngaphakathi.
• Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo: Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi, okanye sebenzisa isicoci sezandla esisekelwe kutywala.
• Nxiba imaski: Nxiba imaski xa usiya kwiindawo apho iintsholongwane ezibangelwa kumoya zinokubakho khona.
• Ukhuseleko lokutya: Pheka ukutya kakuhle. Hlamba iziqhamo nemifuno kakuhle phambi kokuba utye.
• Ziphephe iingozi: Amanxeba anjengemikrwelo nemikrwelo anokufaka iintsholongwane emzimbeni, ngoko ke lumka kwiingozi ezinjalo.

Ukongeza koku, buza ugqirha wakho ukuba kukho naziphi na izinto ekufuneka uzilumkele ngakumbi.

Injani imeko yempilo yabantu abane-lymphopenia? (Imbono/Ukuqikelela)

Oku kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwisizathu sokuba ii-lymphocytes zakho ziphantsi. Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuba ukwehla kungenxa yosulelo, inani lee-lymphocyte libuyela kwisiqhelo xa usulelo luphelile. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kungenxa yesizathu esinzulu ngakumbi, inkqubo yonyango inokuba yinde kancinci kwaye ibe nzima ngakumbi.

Ngawaphi amaxesha afanelekileyo okubonana nogqirha?

Ukuba uneempawu zosulelo (ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, iintlungu zomzimba), bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba unemeko ekubeka esichengeni sosulelo oluqhelekileyo (njenge-lymphopenia), buza ugqirha wakho kwangaphambili ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka uzifunele ingcebiso yezonyango.

Ngaba i-lymphopenia ngumhlaza?

Hayi, i-lymphopenia ayingomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza (umz. i-leukemia, i-lymphoma) zinokuphazamisa ukuveliswa kwee-lymphocytes, zibangele i-lymphopenia. Kwakhona, ezinye iindlela zonyango lomhlaza (ezifana ne-chemotherapy) zinokunciphisa okwethutyana amanqanaba ee-lymphocytes.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Kulungile, ngoku uyaqonda ngcono into ebesithetha ngayo namhlanje, iLymphopenia. Khumbula:

• I-Lymphopenia kukuncipha kwenani lee-lymphocytes, uhlobo lweseli elwa nezifo egazini.
• Oku akuyonto nje enye, kudla ngokunxulunyaniswa nosulelo, ukunqongophala kokutya, isiphumo esibi seyeza, okanye enye imeko yezonyango.
• Kwiimeko ezininzi, iimeko ezincinci azibonisi zimpawu.
• Ukuba uhlala ugula, okanye unamathandabuzo malunga noku, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha uze ufumane ingcebiso.
• Ukuba unobangela ufunyenwe kwaye unyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, le meko inokulawulwa rhoqo.

Ngoko ke, khathalela impilo yakho. Ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ukuba unemibuzo. Hlala usempilweni!

I- Lymphopenia, iiseli ze-lymph, ii-lymphocytes, iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe, ukhuselo lomzimba, usulelo, iimpawu