Masifunde ngeLynch Syndrome, eyonyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza.

Ngaba wakha weva ngegama elithi ``Lynch Syndrome''? Eli lisenokuba ligama elitsha kuwe. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba sonke silazi. Ngamafutshane, iLynch Syndrome yimeko eyonyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza ngenxa yotshintsho oluthile kwizakhi zofuzo zethu. Ngokukodwa, yonyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza ngaphambi kokuba ufikelele kwiminyaka engama-50. Ngoko ke, masithethe ngale nto ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe, akunjalo?

Yintoni kanye kanye iLynch Syndrome? Ngubani oyifumanayo?

I-Lynch syndrome yimeko yemfuza efunyanwa njengelifa . Oko kukuthi, ibangelwa kukuguquka kwemfuza kwiijini esizizuza kumama okanye kutata wethu. Khawuthelekelele ukuba xa iiseli zethu zahlukana, maxa wambi iimpazamo ezincinci zinokwenzeka. Imizimba yethu ineejini ezikhethekileyo ezibona kwaye zilungise ezi mpazamo. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi-'Mismatch Repair genes' (iijini ze-MMR). Umntu one-Lynch syndrome unesiphene kwenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi 'jini ze-MMR'. Emva koko, ezinye iimpazamo azinakulungiswa xa ezo seli zahlukana. Ezi seli zonakeleyo ziyaqokelelana zibe ngumhlaza .

Oku kunokwenzeka nakubani na. Kuba kungenxa yemfuza. Ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba akukho mntu kusapho lwakhe wakha waba nale meko ngaphambili, umntu unokuyihlakulela ngenxa yokuguquka kwemfuza okungahleliwe. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngenxa yokuba kungekho mbali yosapho, akuthethi ukuba ayizukwenzeka.

Ngokwezibalo eMelika, malunga nomntu omnye kwabangama-279 usenokuba neLynch syndrome. Kuthiwa malunga namatyala angama-4,000 omhlaza we-colorectal kunye namatyala angama-1,800 omhlaza we-endometrial abangelwa yiLynch syndrome minyaka le. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela le meko naseSri Lanka.

Ziziphi iimpawu zeLynch syndrome?

Iimpawu zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubukhali bemeko kunye nohlobo lomhlaza oluyibangelayo. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zomhlaza we-colorectal ziquka:

• Igazi esitulweni sakho.
• Ukuqhinwa kwesisu .
• Intlungu yesisu okanye ukuqaqamba.
• Urhudo okanye isitulo esincinci kunesiqhelo.
• Ukuziva udiniwe kakhulu rhoqo ('Ukudinwa').
• Ukuziva uzele okanye uqunjelwe.
• Isicaphucaphu okanye ukuhlanza.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba abanye abantu basenokungabonakalisi zimpawu de umhlaza ube mkhulu kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ukuba unezinye zezi mpawu, kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza .

Ziziphi iintlobo zomhlaza ezinokubangelwa yiLynch syndrome?

Oku kunokuchaphazela amalungu amaninzi omzimba. Nazi ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza ezinokubangelwa yiLynch syndrome:

• Umhlaza wobuchopho
• Umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu kunye nomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu - Lo ngowona uphambili.
• Umhlaza wenyongo
• Umhlaza wesibindi
• Umhlaza wesibeleko
• Umhlaza wePancreatic
• Umhlaza weprostate
• Umhlaza wolusu
• Umhlaza wamathumbu amancinci
• Umhlaza wesisu
• Umhlaza womchamo ophezulu
• Umhlaza wesibeleko (endometrial) - Olunye uhlobo lomhlaza oluxhaphake kakhulu kubasetyhini.

Utshintsho olukhoyo kwi-gene (`gene`) lumisela ukuba leliphi ilungu elisengozini enkulu yomhlaza. Kukho ii-genes ezintlanu eziphambili ezinxulumene ne-Lynch syndrome. Ezi zezi: `MLH1`, `MSH2`, `MSH6`, `PMS2` kunye ne`EPCAM`.

Umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu obangelwa yiLynch syndrome unokukhula kwangethuba (kwisithuba seminyaka eli-1-2) kunakuluntu ngokubanzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha malunga neminyaka eli-10 ukuba umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu ukhule. Kwakhona, umntu obenomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu usengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza kwakhona . Kukho umngcipheko we-15% kwiminyaka eli-10 emva kotyando lomhlaza wokuqala, umngcipheko we-40% kwiminyaka engama-20, kunye nomngcipheko we-60% emva kweminyaka engama-30.

Yintoni ebangela i-Lynch syndrome?

Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, unobangela oyintloko woku kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kwenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi jini zintlanu ezilungisa iimpazamo kwi-DNA yethu (i-"mismatch repair gene" okanye i-"MMR gene"). Ezo jini zintlanu zezi:

• `MLH1`
• `MSH2`
• `MSH6`
• `PMS2`
• `EPCAM`

Ukuba une-Lynch syndrome, ii-genes zakho ze-`MMR` azifumani miyalelo ziyifunayo yokususa iiseli ezonakeleyo. Emva koko ezo seli ezonakeleyo ziqokelelana kwiithishu zize zibangele umhlaza.

Oku kuvela njani kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana?

I-Lynch syndrome yimeko "eyi-autosomal dominant". Ngamafutshane, nokuba ngumzali omnye kuphela one-gene eguquliweyo, umntwana unokuyifumana njengelifa . Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho amathuba angama-50% okuba nomntwana abe nale meko.

Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-Lynch syndrome, kubalulekile ukwazisa amalungu osapho lwakho kwaye ubakhuthaze ukuba bafune iingcebiso nge-genetic . Ingcebiso nge-genetic inokukunceda wena nosapho lwakho niqonde imeko kunye nomngcipheko wokuba umntwana wakho ayifumane njengelifa. Uvavanyo lwe-genetic lunokwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba unayo na i-Lynch syndrome gene mutation.

Ifunyanwa njani iLynch syndrome?

Ugqirha wakho unokuxilonga isifo seLynch ngovavanyo lokukhulelwa kunye novavanyo lwemfuza. Uvavanyo lwemfuza lunokwenziwa emva kokuba umntwana wakho ezelwe.

Uvavanyo lwemfuza lubandakanya ukuthatha isampuli yegazi okanye i-buccal swab ukujonga utshintsho kwiijini ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili `MLH1`, `MSH2`, `MSH6`, `PMS2` okanye `EPCAM`. Ukuba uvavanyo lwemfuza luqinisekisa ukuba kukho utshintsho olunjalo, ugqirha uya kufumanisa i-Lynch syndrome.

Ziziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukubona umhlaza onxulumene neLynch syndrome?

Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-Lynch syndrome, ugqirha wakho uya kucebisa iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuze ahlole umhlaza. Ezona vavanyo ziqhelekileyo zezi:

• I-Colonoscopy: Oku kuquka ukufaka ityhubhu (i-scope) enekhamera eqhotyoshelwe kwi-anus ukuze kuhlolwe ingaphakathi lamathumbu amakhulu kunye ne-rectum. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa kube kanye ngonyaka okanye rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini.
• I-ultrasound edluliselwa kwisini: Isixhobo esincinci (iprobe) sifakwa nge-vaginal ukuze kuhlolwe ama-ovari kunye nesibeleko. Oku kukwacetyiswa kanye okanye kabini ngonyaka.
• Uvavanyo lomchamo: Kuthathwa isampulu yomchamo wakho ukuze kuhlolwe izinto ezifana neethumba zezintso. Oku kwenziwa rhoqo kube kanye ngonyaka.
• Uvavanyo lwe-tumor biopsy: Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba une-tumor ethile emzimbeni wakho, uza kuthatha iqhekeza layo elincinci aze alivavanye kwilebhu ukuze abone ukuba ayinazo na iiseli zomhlaza.
• I-endoscopy ephezulu okanye i-capsule endoscopy: Inkqubo esebenzisa ityhubhu encinci, ebhityileyo (i-scope) okanye ikhamera encinci (ityhubhu encinci, ebhityileyo eginywa njengepilisi) ukukhangela umhlaza esiswini nasemathunjini amancinci. Ungacelwa ukuba wenze oku rhoqo emva kweminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu.

Iphathwa njani iLynch syndrome?

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekunyangeni isifo seLynch kukufumanisa kwangethuba kunye nokususwa kweethumba ngotyando . Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka uhlolwe rhoqo kwaye ufumane umhlaza kwangethuba, ukuba ukhona.

Ngubani ophatha oku?

Kungcono ukufuna unyango kwiqela loogqirha abaziingcali kwimeko efana nale.Ngenxa yokuba i-Lynch syndrome inokuchaphazela iinkqubo ezininzi zezitho zomzimba, iqela lonyango linokubandakanya iingcali ezahlukeneyo, kuquka oogqirha bezifo zesisu, oogqirha botyando, oogqirha bezifo zabasetyhini, oogqirha bezifo zomchamo, oogqirha besikhumba, oogqirha bezifo zabesifazane, oogqirha bonyango oluphambili, oogqirha bezifo zemfuza, abacebisi bemfuza, kunye noogqirha bezifo zabesifazane.

Ngaba umhlaza ungabuya emva konyango?

Ewe, nokuba umhlaza ususwe ngotyando, kukho ithuba lokuba umhlaza ubuye . Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuqhubeka novavanyo.

Abanye abantu abane-Lynch syndrome, kuba besengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza, bagqiba ekubeni benze utyando lokususa isibeleko (hysterectomy), ii-ovari (oophorectomy), okanye inxalenye yamathumbu (colectomy okanye utyando lokususa amathumbu) kwangethuba. Esi sisigqibo somntu ngamnye, kwaye kufuneka senziwe ngokucetyiswa ngugqirha.

Ngaba iLynch syndrome ingathintelwa?

Ngelishwa, i-Lynch syndrome yimeko yemfuza, ngoko ke ayinakuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo . Nangona kunjalo, abantu abane-Lynch syndrome banokuhlolwa umhlaza ubomi babo bonke, ukususela ebudaleni, ukuze umhlaza ubonwe kwangethuba ukuba uyavela .

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba une-Lynch syndrome? Yintoni onokuyilindela?

Okwangoku akukho nyango lwe-Lynch syndrome. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo ezilungileyo ziyafumaneka ukuba umhlaza ufunyenwe kwaye ususwe kwangethuba, ngaphambi kokuba usasazeke kwezinye iindawo zomzimba . Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abane-Lynch syndrome ukuba benze iimvavanyo zokuhlolwa minyaka le, ezifana ne-colonoscopy.

Ngaba i-Lynch syndrome iya kubangela iithumba kwikholoni yam?

Abantu abane-Lynch syndrome banokuba nee-'adenomas' ezininzi, uhlobo lokukhula okungengomhlaza kumathumbu abo okanye kwi-rectum. Ukuba ezi 'polyps' azifunyaniswanga kwaye azisuswa, zinokuba ngumhlaza. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba ne-colonoscopy rhoqo ukuze uzijonge ezi kwaye uzisuse ukuba zikhona.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba une-Lynch syndrome, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo ngonyaka kwaye uhlolwe rhoqo .

Ukuba ubona naziphi na iziqwenga, amaqhuma amatsha, okanye utshintsho lolusu naphi na emzimbeni wakho, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza , kuba ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zomhlaza.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

• Ndifanele ndenze uvavanyo lomhlaza kangaphi?
• Ingaba eli qhuma likwisifo somhlaza wolusu lwam?
• Luluphi utshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo endinalo?
• Ndingafumana uvavanyo lwemfuza ngaphambi kokuba ndicebe ukukhulelwa?

Ngaba iLynch Syndrome kunye neHNPCC ziyafana?

I-Lynch syndrome kunye ne-``Heriditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer`` (``HNPCC``) ngamanye amaxesha zisetyenziswa ngokutshintshana ukubhekisa kwimeko efanayo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho umahluko omncinci phakathi kwezi zimbini kwindlela ezidluliselwa ngayo kwizizukulwana.

I-Lynch syndrome ibangelwa kukuguquka kwejini ye-`MMR`. Ukuguquka kwejini okufanayo kukwachaphazela nabantu abane-`HNPCC`. Nangona kunjalo, igama elithi `HNPCC` linikwa xa le meko isenzeka kwimbali yosapho . Oko kuthetha ukuba `HNPCC` isoloko izuzwa njengelifa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. I-Lynch syndrome ngamanye amaxesha inokwenzeka ngaphandle kokuba nabani na kusapho abe nayo, kwaye inokwenzeka nangenxa yokuguquka kwejini okungahleliwe. Yiyo loo nto igama elithi Lynch syndrome lisetyenziswa kakhulu ngoku.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Akukho mntu uthanda ukuva amazwi athi, "Unomhlaza." Xa ufumanisa ukuba unesifo seLynch, kusenokufuneka uve loo mazwi kugqirha wakho. Kodwa akufuneki ukuba kube yinto embi.

Wakuba ufunyaniswe une-Lynch syndrome, ugqirha wakho uza kusebenza nawe ukucwangcisa uvavanyo rhoqo ukuze akuncede ufumane umhlaza kwangethuba. Ukufunyanwa kwangethuba kunye nonyango zezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zokuphucula amathuba akho okusinda . Emva koko ungaphila ubomi obonwabisayo nobunempilo.

Ngoko ke, endaweni yokoyika olu lwazi, qaphela, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ukuba kuyimfuneko, kwaye uzame ukuphila ubomi obusempilweni . Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onale meko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubazisa ngale nto.

Isifo seLynch, i-HNPCC, umhlaza, utshintsho lwemfuza, izifo ezizuzwa njengelifa, umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu, umhlaza wesibeleko