Ngaba wakha waba namava angaqhelekanga xa ufunda iphephandaba okanye ujonge ubuso bomntu, apho ubona kuphela imiphetho, kungekhona embindini ngqo? Mhlawumbi imigca ethe tye oyibonayo, njengeefreyimu zefestile, ibonakala yoluliwe kwaye imibimbi? Ezi ayizozinto nje ezingaqhelekanga. Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zengxaki yamehlo abantu abaninzi abayifumanayo emva kweminyaka engama-50-60. Yiloo nto sithetha ngayo namhlanje.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iMacular Degeneration?
Ukonakala kwe-macular sisifo esichaphazela umbono ophakathi weliso, oko kukuthi, oko sikubonayo xa sijonga phambili. Sidla ngokuvela rhoqo njengoko sikhula. Ke ngoko, sikwabizwa ngokuba yi -age-related macular degeneration okanye ``Age-Related Macular Degeneration'' okanye ``(AMD)''.
Cinga ngeliso lethu njengekhamera. Ngaphakathi kweliso, ngasemva, kukho inxalenye ebizwa ngokuba yi-'retina'. Yiyo leyo esebenza njenge-'sensor' yekhamera. Phakathi kwale 'retina', indawo encinci ebalulekileyo ebamba iinkcukacha ezilungileyo kunye nomfanekiso ocacileyo wento esiyibonayo ibizwa ngokuba yi-'macula'. Sifunda incwadi, simazi umntu, siqhuba imoto, kwaye le nxalenye ebizwa ngokuba yi-'macula' isinceda kuzo zonke ezi zinto.
Kwi-macular degeneration, inxalenye ebizwa ngokuba yi-'macula' iyonakala. Emva koko, umbono wethu ophakathi uba buthathaka. Kodwa kule meko, asiboni ngokupheleleyo. Umbono ongaphandle uselungile. Oko kuthetha ukuba nangona oko sikujongayo kubonakala kungacacanga, izinto ezisingqongileyo zinokubonakala ngokuqhelekileyo.
Le meko inokuchaphazela iliso elinye kuphela, okanye inokuchaphazela omabini amehlo. Ngamanye amaxesha ubunzima besifo kumehlo omabini buyahluka.
Ngubani onokuba nethuba elikhulu lokufumana le meko? (Izinto ezibangela umngcipheko)
Njengoko igama lisitsho, ukwaluphala yeyona nto iphambili ebangela umngcipheko. Le ngozi iyanda emva kweminyaka engama-50-60. Kodwa kukho nezinye izinto ezininzi ngaphandle koko.
- Imbali yosapho: Ukuba umama wakho, utata wakho, okanye umntakwenu ukhe waba nesi sifo, nawe unokuba naso.
- Ukutshaya: Abantu abatshayayo basengozini enkulu yokufumana esi sifo.
- Ukutyeba kakhulu: Kubalulekile nokugcina ubunzima bomzimba busempilweni.
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu): Ukuba unoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukululawula kakuhle kubaluleke kakhulu emehlweni akho.
- Ukutya okungenampilo: Akulunganga nokutya rhoqo ukutya okunamafutha amaninzi agcweleyo, njengeoyile, ukutya okuqhotsiweyo, kunye nokutya okukhawulezayo.
- Abantu abamhlophe: Uphando lufumanise ukuba abantu abamhlophe basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sesi sifo kunabanye.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-macular degeneration:
Le meko inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili: eyomileyo nemanzi.
| Uhlobo | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ukonakala kweMacular eyomileyo | Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo . Malunga nabantu abangama-90 kwabayi-100 abane-macular degeneration banohlobo olomileyo. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba inkunkuma yeproteni etyheli ebizwa ngokuba yi-drusen iqokelelana phantsi kwe-macula ngaphakathi kweliso. Ezi zinto ziyaqokelelana kwaye zenze i-macula yome kwaye ibe ncinci. Oku kubangela ukuba ukulahleka kokubona kwenzeke kancinci kancinci kwaye kancinci kancinci . Kwiimeko ezininzi, akukho kulahleka ngokupheleleyo kombono ophakathi. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha olu hlobo lomileyo lunokuguquka lube luhlobo olumanzi oluyingozi. |
| Ukonakala kweMacular emanzi | Olu lolona hlobo lubi kakhulu noluyingozi . Luchaphazela abantu abamalunga ne-10 kwabayi-100. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba imithambo yegazi engaqhelekanga nebuthathaka ikhula phantsi kwe-retina kunye ne-macula. Le mithambo yegazi iqala ukuvuza igazi kunye nolwelo. Oku kubangela ukuba i-macula idumbe. Le meko inokubangela ukulahleka ngokupheleleyo kombono ophakathi ngokukhawuleza . Le yingxamiseko yezonyango. |
Masifunde nangezigaba zesifo.
Kukho amanqanaba amathathu aphambili eliso elomileyo. Iimpawu zihlala zibonakala kumanqanaba okugqibela, kodwa ugqirha wamehlo unokubona olu tshintsho kwangethuba ngexesha lovavanyo.
1. Inqanaba lokuqala: Utshintsho kwi-macula luqalile, kodwa umbono awuchaphazeleki.
2. Inqanaba eliphakathi: Umbono uba mfiliba kancinci, imibimbi iqale ukubonakala.
3. Ukufika emva kwexesha/ukufika phambili: Umbono ophakathi uphantse ulahleke ngokupheleleyo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, uhlobo olumanzi luhlala luthathwa njengesigaba sokugqibela nesinzima sesifo.
Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo?
Abantu abaninzi abanazo iimpawu ekuqaleni. Ezi mpawu ziqala ukubonakala kuphela xa isifo sinzima ngakumbi. Jonga ukuba ngaba uhlangabezana nazo naziphi na ezi mpawu.
- Ukubona okunciphileyo xa kukhanya kuncinci: Ukubonakala kuncipha ebusuku xa kukho ukukhanya okuncinci ekhaya.
- Umbono ofipheleyo: Usenokuziva ufiphele embindini, ingakumbi xa ufunda okanye ujonge ubuso.
- Utshintsho kwindlela obonwa ngayo imibala: Imibala ingabonakala imnyama kwaye igqwethekile.
- Imigca ethe tye: Olu luphawu olubaluleke kakhulu . Ukuba izinto ezithe tye ezifana neefreyimu zeefestile, iifreyimu zeengcango, kunye nemigca yethayile zibonakala zishwabene kwaye zoluliwe, musa ukuzityeshela.
- Ukubona amabala amnyama okanye angenanto phakathi kombono: Ukubona ibala elimnyama okanye indawo engenanto phakathi kwento oyijongileyo.
Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubonana nengcali yamehlo ngokukhawuleza .
Ugqirha uyibona njani le nto?
Ekubeni ukuwohloka kwe-macular kudla ngokungabi nazimpawu ekuqaleni, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe amehlo akho minyaka le , ingakumbi ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50. Oku kuvumela ugqirha wakho ukuba abone isifo kwangethuba aze aqale unyango ngokukhawuleza.
Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kujonga utshintsho kwi-retina nakwi-macula yakho. Angenza olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi vavanyo zilandelayo.
- Uvavanyo lwegridi ye-Amsler: Le yigridi enegridi kuyo. Kukho ichaphaza elikhulu embindini. Ugqirha uza kukucela ukuba ujonge igridi uze ubone ukuba kukho imigca eyoluliweyo, ephukileyo, okanye engacacanga na. Oku kunokukunika umbono wokuba unesifo okanye ukuba sibi kakhulu. Ungayisebenzisa le nto ukujonga umbono wakho ekhaya.
- Uvavanyo lwamehlo oluvulwe ngokugqithisileyo: Ugqirha uza kusebenzisa amaconsi amehlo ukuze avule iliso lakho kunye nelensi ekhethekileyo yokujonga ngaphakathi kweliso lakho.
- I-Fluorescein angiography: Idayi etyheli ifakwa emthanjeni osengalweni, kwaye ikhamera ekhethekileyo ithatha imifanekiso yedayi njengoko ihamba ngemithambo yegazi engaphakathi kweliso. Oku kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba kukho igazi okanye ulwelo oluvuzayo phantsi kwe-macula.
- I-Optical coherence tomography (OCT): Oku kufana nokuskena ngaphakathi kweliso lakho. Akunabuhlungu. Njengoko ujonge ilensi yomatshini, ithatha imifanekiso ecacileyo kakhulu ye-three-dimensional (3D) yecandelo elinqamlezileyo le-retina kunye ne-macula ngaphakathi kweliso lakho.
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Into yokuqala neyona ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyithethe kukuba ukuwohloka kwe-macular akunakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo.Kodwa unyango lunokucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo kwaye lulawule iimpawu.
Unyango luxhomekeke kuhlobo onalo.
Unyango lohlobo olomileyo
Akukho nyango lukhethekileyo lohlobo olomileyo. Nangona kunjalo, izifundo ezinkulu ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"AREDS" kunye ne-"AREDS2" zifumanise ukuba ukuthatha indibaniselwano ethile yeevithamini kunye neeminerali kunokucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo. Ezi zongezo zesondlo zihlala ziqulathe:
- Ivithamini C
- Ivithamini E
- I-Lutein
- I-Zeaxanthin
- Izinki
- Ithusi
Ufanele uthethe nogqirha wakho wamehlo malunga nokuba ungazithatha na ezi zinto kwaye uzithatha ngedosi engakanani na. Musa ukuzithatha wedwa iivithamini.
Unyango lwe-Wet Type
Ngenxa yokuba uhlobo olumanzi lunzima, lufuna unyango olukhawulezileyo.
- Inaliti ze-Anti-VEGF: Olu lolona nyango luphambili nolusebenzayo olufumanekayo. Eli liyeza elithintela iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-VEGF, ebangela ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi emitsha ebuthathaka ngaphakathi kweliso. Ugqirha uyayivala iliso aze alifake inaliti ngaphandle kwentlungu . Ezi naliti ngamanye amaxesha zinokubuyisela umbono olahlekileyo.
- Unyango lwe-Photodynamic (PDT): Oku kuquka ukufaka iyeza elinovakalelo ekukhanyeni emthanjeni uze uqondise umqadi welaser okhethekileyo esweni ukuze kutshatyalaliswe imithambo yegazi engafunekiyo esandul’ ukwakheka.
- Ukwenziwa kwe-laser photocoagulation: Umqadi we-laser onamandla aphezulu usetyenziselwa ukuvala/ukutshabalalisa imithambo yegazi ephuma igazi. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwezi ndlela kuye kwehla kakhulu ukusukela oko kwavela imijovo emitsha ye-'Anti-VEGF'.
Singazikhusela njani kule meko?
Nangona ingenakuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo, zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko.
- Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka ngoko nangoko. Le yeyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza.
- Gcina ubunzima bakho busempilweni.
- Zilolonge rhoqo.
- Gcina uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi kunye namanqanaba e-cholesterol elawulwa kakuhle.
- Zimisele ukutya okunempilo. Yitya imifuno eluhlaza ngakumbi, iziqhamo, kunye nentlanzi (ingakumbi iintlanzi ezinamafutha ezifana nesalmon kunye ne-mackerel).
- Nxiba iiglasi zelanga ezine-UV ekhuselekileyo xa uphuma ngaphandle.
Ukulahlekelwa yimbono ephakathi kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Kunokuba nzima ukufunda incwadi, ukubona ubuso, nokuqhuba imoto. Oku kunokubangela ukudakumba kunye nokuxhalaba. Ngamaxesha anje, kubalulekile ukufuna inkxaso kusapho, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, ufune iingcebiso zonyango.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukuwohloka kwe-macular sisifo esinxulumene nokwaluphala esichaphazela umbono ophakathi xa ujonge phambili.
- Oku akukwenzi ube yimfama ngokupheleleyo, kukushiya unombono ongaphandle.
- Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili: Eyomileyo ( eqhelekileyo, ekhula kancinci kancinci) kunye neMat (engaqhelekanga, ekhula ngokukhawuleza).
- Iimpawu eziphambili kukubona okufipheleyo kunye nokuxinana kwemigca. Ukuba unale mpawu , bonana nogqirha wamehlo ngokukhawuleza.
- Nangona esi sifo singenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, unyango lunokulawula ubukhali besifo.
- Umngcipheko wesifo ungancitshiswa ngokuphepha ukutshaya nokulandela indlela yokuphila esempilweni.
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