I-cannabis, i-hemp, i-marijuana, i-intsangu, i-intsangu, imbiza... La magama mhlawumbi aqhelekile kuwe. Abanye abantu bathi liyeza, abanye bathi liyeza eliyingozi. Kukho amabali amaninzi ngale nto kuluntu. Ngoko ke yintoni ngokwenene? Iyenza ntoni emzimbeni? Namhlanje, siza kuxoxa ngazo zonke iingcamango eziphosakeleyo kunye namabali ayinyani ngale nto, ngokungathi sithetha nomhlobo. Le yindlela yokunika iimpendulo ezicacileyo kwimibuzo onayo engqondweni yakho.
Masiqale sibone, yintoni le ntsangu?
Nangona abantu abaninzi besebenzisa amagama athi "intsangu" kunye nelithi "intsangu" ngokutshintshana, kukho umahluko omncinci phakathi kwezi zimbini. Masiqale sikuqonde kakuhle oko.
- I-Cannabis: Oku kubhekisa kuyo nayiphi na imveliso ephuma kwisityalo esaziwa ngokuba yi-`(Cannabis sativa)`. Oko kuthetha iintyatyambo ezomileyo, amagqabi, iziqu, kunye nembewu yeso sityalo. Esi sityalo sineekhemikhali ezingaphezu kwama-500. `(Cannabidiol - CBD)` yenye yeekhemikhali ezinjalo.
- I-Marijuana: Oku kubhekisa kwiindawo okanye kwiimveliso zesityalo i-`(Cannabis sativa)` eziqulethe isixa esikhulu sekhemikhali i-`(tetrahydrocannabinol - THC)`. Le khemikhali i-`(THC)` (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-`(cannabinoid)`) yeyona nto iphambili ebangela ukuba "unxile", okanye unxile.
Ngamafutshane, yonke intsangu yi-cannabis (evela kwisityalo se-cannabis), kodwa ayisiyo yonke intsangu eyi-cannabis (oko kuthetha ukuba ayizizo zonke eziqulathe amanqanaba aphezulu e-THC ekhuthaza ingqondo).
I-Marijuana yenye yezona ziyobisi zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela, ingakumbi phakathi kwabantu abaselula. Kodwa ngokwesayensi, kusekho okuninzi esingakwaziyo ngayo. Abaphandi basafunda ngemiphumo yexesha elifutshane nelide yale nto.
Ngaba i-cannabis yi-hallucinogen?
Izazinzulu ziye zayibeka i-cannabis (THC) njenge-hallucinogen ngokwembali. Oko kukuthi, into enokubangela ukuba abantu babone okanye beve izinto ezingekhoyo ngokwenene. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ziphumo aziveli rhoqo xa kusetyenziswa i-cannabis.
Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwentsangu kunokubangela ukuba umntu angaboni izinto ezingaqhelekanga, kudla ngokwahluka kwimiphumo yezinye izinto ezibangela ukuba umntu angaboni izinto ezingaqhelekanga, ezifana ne-LSD. Oku kuthetha ukuba iziphumo zentsangu ezibangela ukuba umntu angaboni izinto ezingaqhelekanga zinokusebenza ngokwahlukileyo kunezinye izinto ezibangela ukuba umntu angaboni izinto ezingaqhelekanga.
Ngoko ke yintoni 'intsangu yezonyango'?
Usenokuba ukhe weva ukuba kwamanye amazwe, ukusetyenziswa kwe-cannabis kuvumelekile ngokusemthethweni kwizifo ezithile. Eyona njongo iphambili yoku kukunceda ukulawula iimpawu zesifo esithile . Ayinyangi ngokupheleleyo isifo. Nazi ezinye zeemeko apho i-cannabis isetyenziswa kwezonyango:
- Ukuphelisa iintlungu ezingapheliyo: Lawula iintlungu, ingakumbi iintlungu ze-neuropathic. Oku kunokunceda ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwezidambisi-ntlungu ze-opioid.
- Ukunciphisa isicaphucaphu: Njengeyeza lokulwa nokugabha elilawula ukugabha kunye nesicaphucaphu.
- Lawula ezinye iimpawu: Lawula iimpawu ezinje ngokuqina kwemisipha (ukuqaqamba) okubangelwa zizifo ezifana ne-"Multiple sclerosis - MS".
- Ukukhuthaza inkanuko: Khuthaza inkanuko yabo banomdla wokutya.
Kodwa khumbula, nakumazwe afana ne-United States, i-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ibeke intsangu kwindawo yayo njengento engamkelekanga ukusetyenziswa kwezonyango kwaye inokuba likhoboka layo . Ngenxa yoko, oogqirha abanakuyinika "imvume" intsangu. Nangona kunjalo, kumazwe apho ivunyelwe khona ngokusemthethweni, ingasetyenziselwa ukunceda kwiimeko ezithile zonyango.
Amaziko aziwayo kwihlabathi liphela awakavumi ukuba isityalo se-cannabis sinyange nasiphi na isifo. Nangona kunjalo, amayeza amaninzi enziwe ngeekhemikhali ezithile ezicociweyo kwisityalo se-cannabis avunyiwe.
| Iyeza elivunyiweyo | Imeko yokusetyenziswa |
|---|---|
| I-Cannabidiol (i-Cannabidiol - i-Epidiolex®) | Ukulawula ukuxhuzula kwiintlobo ezimbini ezingaqhelekanga zesifo sokuxhuzula (ukukhubazeka) ezibizwa ngokuba yiLennox-Gastaut syndrome kunye neDravet syndrome . |
| IDronabinol (Marinol®) kunye neNabilone (Cesamet®) | Ukulawula isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza okubangelwa yi-chemotherapy yomhlaza. Eli yeza i-dronabinol likwasetyenziselwa ukulawula ukutya kunye nokunciphisa umzimba kwizigulana ezine-HIV/AIDS. |
Ikuchaphazela njani i-cannabis?
Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Indlela i-cannabis echaphazela ngayo umntu ngamnye yahlukile kakhulu. Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zoku:
- Imfuza yakho.
- iminyaka yakho.
- Isini sakho.
- Ubungakanani be-cannabis esetyenzisiweyo kunye namandla ayo.
- Indlela otya ngayo i-cannabis (ukutshaya, ukuvasa, okanye ukutya).
- Usebenzisa i-cannabis ixesha elingakanani kwaye kangaphi.
- Nokuba usebenzisa amanye amayeza okanye amayeza.
Oku kuthetha ukuba umhlobo wakho usenokungaziva ngendlela efanayo nawe xa usebenzisa intsangu. Kwakhona, nakumntu omnye, iziphumo zingahluka imihla ngemihla.
Zithini iziphumo ezikhawulezileyo?
Xa utshaya intsangu, i-`(THC)` ifunxwa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ukusuka emiphungeni iye egazini. Ihamba ngegazi iye engqondweni nakwezinye izitho zomzimba. Kodwa ukuba uyayitya okanye uyayisela intsangu, i-`(THC)` ifunxwa kancinci emzimbeni. Kungathatha malunga nemizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-60 ukuva imiphumo yayo.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphakathi kwengqondo? Kukho ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(anandamide)` eyenzeka ngokwendalo engqondweni yethu. `(THC)` ifana kakhulu ne-`(anandamide)`. Ke ngoko, i-`(THC)` inokubopha kwii-receptors ezikwingqondo ezinxulumene ne-`(anandamide)` kwaye zenze ezo ndawo zisebenze kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto kuvela iziphumo ezahlukeneyo.
| Iziphumo zexesha elifutshane zokusetyenziswa kwe-cannabis | |
|---|---|
| Iziphumo ekusebenzeni kwengqondo | |
| Iimvakalelo ezitshintshileyo | Imibala ibonakala ikhanya ngakumbi, ivumba linamandla ngakumbi. |
| Ingqiqo etshintshileyo yexesha nendawo | Ukuziva ngathi ixesha lihamba kancinci. |
| Ukuhamba kweemvakalelo | Ukuziva uvuya ngaphandle kwesizathu. |
| Iingxaki zokucinga kunye nenkumbulo | Ubunzima bokusombulula iingxaki, inkumbulo embi. |
| Iingxaki zokulinganisela kunye nokulungelelanisa | Ubunzima bokuhamba, ixesha lokuphendula elicothayo. |
| Ezinye iziphumo | Ukozela, isiyezi, ukuhlaselwa luloyiko. |
| Iziphumo ezinokubakho zokusebenzisa i-overdose | |
| Ukungaboni | Ukubona okanye ukuva izinto ezingekhoyo ngokwenene. |
| Iingcamango eziphosakeleyo | Ukukholelwa kakhulu kwizinto ezingeyonyani konke konke. |
| Ingqondo | Ukulahlekelwa kukunxibelelana nenyani. Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu kwabo basebenzisa intsangu enamandla amaninzi rhoqo. |
| Ezinye iziphumo zexesha elifutshane emzimbeni | |
| Iimpawu zomzimba | Umlomo owomileyo, isicaphucaphu, ukubetha kwentliziyo okuphezulu (kusenokuthatha iiyure ezi-3), ukonyuka komnqweno wokutya. |
Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba uyisebenzisa ixesha elide?
Abaphandi basafunda lukhulu ngemiphumo yexesha elide ye-cannabis. Ngokusekelwe koko kufunyenweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukusetyenziswa kwe-cannabis ixesha elide kunokubangela ezi ziphumo zilandelayo:
- Iziphumo ekuphuhlisweni kwengqondo: Ukuba uqala ukusebenzisa i-cannabis, ingakumbi usemncinci (ngaphambi kokuba ingqondo ikhule ngokupheleleyo), inokonakalisa unxibelelwano lwe-neural ebuchosheni olunoxanduva lweenkqubo ezifana nokuqwalaselwa, inkumbulo, nokufunda. Ezi ziphumo zinokuhlala ubomi bonke .
- Ukonakala kwemiphunga:Njengecuba, ukutshaya nantoni na kuyingozi emiphungeni. Ukutshaya intsangu kungonakalisa imiphunga, kubangele izifo ezifana ne-bronchitis, kwaye konakalisa imithambo yegazi emincinci.
- Umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo kunye nesifo sohlangothi: Ukutshaya intsangu kwandisa umngcipheko wesifo sohlangothi, isifo sentliziyo , kunye nezinye izifo zemithambo yegazi.
- Umngcipheko wokugula ngengqondo: Abantu abasebenzisa i-cannabis rhoqo, ingakumbi abo banesifo sengqondo esibangelwa lufuzo, basengozini enkulu yokufumana izifo zengqondo ezinzima (psychoses) ezifana ne-schizophrenia.
- Ukuhlanza okungapheliyo: Abantu abasebenzisa iidosi eziphezulu ze-THC ixesha elide banokuba nesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-cannabis hyperemesis syndrome, esibonakala ngokuhlanza rhoqo nangokuqatha.
- Ezinye iingxaki zempilo: Isifo se-periodontal, iimeko ezibuhlungu rhoqo kubantu abanesifo se-sickle cell, kunye neengxaki ze-spermatogenesis kumadoda zinokuchaphazela ukuzala.
Ngaba unokuba likhoboka le-cannabis?
Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo kunokwenzeka.
Malunga nomntu omnye kwabalishumi abadala abasebenzisa i-cannabis uba nesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-"Cannabis use disorder". Esi sisifo sengqondo esinxulunyaniswa nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi (i-substance use disorder - SUD). Ngamafutshane, oku sikubiza ngokuba "kukulutha."
Abantu abaqala ukusebenzisa i-cannabis, ingakumbi besebancinci, banamathuba aphindwe kane ukuya kwesixhenxe okuba nale meko kunabantu abadala.
Olu mlutha lunokuchaphazela kakubi impilo yakho, ubudlelwane bosapho, umsebenzi, kunye nayo yonke into ebomini bakho. Ke ngoko, ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo uneempawu zesi sifo, kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-cannabis ngexesha lokukhulelwa nokuncancisa
Eli linqaku elibaluleke kakhulu. Iingcali zempilo zehlabathi zicebisa ngamandla ukuba zingasebenzisi i-CBD, i-THC, okanye intsangu nangayiphi na indlela ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye ngexesha lokuncancisa .
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-cannabis ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokubangela iziphumo ezibi ezifana nezi:
- Ukonakala kokukhula kwengqondo yomntwana esibelekweni: I-THC egazini likamama ingangena engqondweni yomntwana. Izifundo zibonise ukuba oku kunokuchaphazela izinto ezifana nengqalelo yomntwana, inkumbulo, kunye nobuchule bokusombulula iingxaki.
- Umngcipheko ophezulu wokuzalwa kweentsana ezinobunzima obuphantsi.
- Umngcipheko okhulayo wokuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha kwaye mhlawumbi nokufa komntwana esibelekweni .
Kwakhona, ukuya kuthi ga kwiintsuku ezintandathu emva kokuba umama esebenzise intsanguUbisi lwebele lunokuba ne-THC. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuphepha ukusebenzisa intsangu ngokupheleleyo ngelixa uncancisa. I-THC inokudlula ubisi iye kumntwana ize ichaphazele ukukhula kwengqondo.
Ukongeza, umsi wentsangu uneekhemikhali ezininzi eziyingozi ezifana nomsi wecuba. Ngoko ke, ungaze utshaye intsangu phambi kweentsana okanye abantwana abancinci.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Intsangu yinxalenye yesityalo equlethe ikhemikhali ebangela ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo ebizwa ngokuba yi-"THC" ekunika "uxinzelelo."
- Imiphumo ye-cannabis yahluka kakhulu kumntu nomntu. Ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka ubudala bakho, ii-genes, kunye nobungakanani obusebenzisayo.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwe-cannabis ixesha elide, ingakumbi xa usemncinci, kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu ekuphuhlisweni kwengqondo, imiphunga, kunye nentliziyo.
- Ingxaki yokusebenzisa i-cannabis yingxaki yengqondo yokwenyani efuna unyango.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwe-cannabis ngexesha lokukhulelwa nokuncancisa kuyingozi kakhulu kumntwana. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuyiphepha ngokupheleleyo .
- Ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-cannabis okanye imiphumo yayo, ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha wakho . Bakho ukukunceda.
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