Uyazi ukuba ngubani okhusela ingqondo yakho kunye nomqolo wakho? Makhe sithethe ngee-meninges!

Ngaba wakha wacinga ngendlela ezibuthathaka nezibaluleke ngayo iingqondo zethu kunye nomqolo wethu? La ngamaziko olawulo lomzimba wethu wonke. Ukuba asilumkanga, kwanengozi encinci inokubangela ingozi enkulu. Ngethamsanqa, umzimba wethu unenkqubo yokukhusela emangalisayo yokukhusela la malungu mabini abaluleke kakhulu. Loo mkhuseli zii-meninges esithetha ngazo namhlanje. Ngamafutshane, la ngamaleko amathathu ee-membrane ezikhuselayo ezijikeleze inkqubo yethu ye-nervous system (CNS).

Zithini ii-meninges? Zithini ezi layer zintathu?

Njengokuba itswele linesikhumba, ii-meninges zenziwe ngeeleya ezintathu. Ileya nganye inomsebenzi othile. Masibone ukuba zeziphi:

1. I-Dura Mater: Le yeyona maleko ityebileyo neyomeleleyo yobuchopho . Ifana nengubo eqinileyo egquma ingqondo yethu kunye nomqolo. Igama lesiLatini elithi "dura mater" lithetha "umama onzima." Yindlela ekhusela ngayo. Ifumaneka ngqo phantsi kwekhakayi lethu kunye nomqolo. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukubamba ingqondo kunye nomqolo ngokuqinileyo kwaye uzigcine zingonakali.

2. I-Arachnoid Mater: Le yilaphu eliphakathi . Incinci kakhulu kune-dura mater. Igama elithi "Arachnoid" lithetha "isicabucabu." Libizwa ngokuba yimicu emincinci edibanisa le laphu ne-pia mater engaphantsi ifana nemilenze yesicabucabu. Le laphu ayinamithambo yegazi okanye imithambo-luvo.

3. I-Pia Mater: Le yingqimba engaphakathi, eyona ngqimba incinci enamathele kakhulu engqondweni nakwintambo yomqolo . Njengephepha le-cellophane, ifakwa kuyo yonke imingxunya kunye nokugoba kwengqondo. Uninzi lwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi kwizicubu zobuchopho idlula kule ngqimba.

Ngokukodwa, i-arachnoid mater kunye ne-pia mater zaziwa ngokuba yi-leptomeninges .

Zithini izithuba phakathi kweengqimba ze-meninges?

Kukho izithuba ezintathu ezibalulekileyo phakathi kwezi layers zintathu ze-membrane. Ezi azizozithuba ezingenanto nje kuphela, zikwanazo nemisebenzi ekhethekileyo.

• Indawo ye-Epidural: Le iphakathi kwentloko yakho kunye ne-dura mater. Ikwayindawo ephakathi kwe-spinal cord kunye ne-dura mater. Usenokuba ukhe weva ukuba kunikwa "i-epidural" kwezinye iindlela zotyando okanye ukunciphisa iintlungu ngexesha lokubeleka. I-analgesics kunye ne-anesthesia zifakwa kule ndawo ye-epidural. I-spinal cord yethu iphela embindini womqolo, phakathi kwe-vertebrae yokuqala neyesibini ye-lumbar. Ngaphaya koko, kukho ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal kuphela. Ukubhaqwa kweLumbarEnye, okanye njengoko sisithi, "ukuthabatha amanzi ngasemva," luvavanyo olwenziwa kuloo ndawo kanye.

• Isithuba Esingaphantsi Kwendawo: Esi siphakathi kwe-dura mater kunye ne-arachnoid mater. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, esi asiso "sithuba" kangako. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho ukubetheka okukhulu entloko kunye nokopha ngaphakathi kwengqondo, njengokuphuma kwegazi engqondweni, okanye ngenxa yesinye isifo, esi sithuba sinokuvuleka.

• Isithuba seSubarachnoid: Esi sithuba siphakathi kwe-arachnoid mater kunye ne-pia mater. Esi sithuba sizaliswe lulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF) . Olu lwelo olubizwa ngokuba yi-CSF lubaluleke kakhulu. Lukhusela ubuchopho bethu kunye nomqolo kwiingxaki ezahlukeneyo, njenge-cushion. Kwakhona, le CSF inceda ukubonelela ngezondlo kunye nokususa inkunkuma.

Zithini imisebenzi ephambili ye-meninges?

Ngoku unombono omncinci wokuba ezi membranes zibizwa ngokuba yi-meninges zibaluleke kangakanani. Makhe sijonge imisebenzi yazo ephambili:

• Ukukhusela iNkqubo yeNervous ephakathi (CNS): Xa kwenzeka ingozi entloko okanye ingozi, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukukhusela ingqondo kunye nomqolo ngokusebenza njengesixhobo sokufunxa umothuko , endaweni yokuthumela umothuko ngqo engqondweni.
• Ukuzinzisa inkqubo ye-nervous central: Ezi membrane zinceda ukugcina ingqondo kunye nomqolo zizinzile ngaphakathi kwekhakayi kunye nomqolo, zithintela ukuba zingahambi.
• Inkxaso yemithambo yegazi, ii-nerve, kunye nenkqubo ye-lymphatic: Ii-meninges zinceda ukuxhasa nokuxhasa imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi kwingqondo nakwi-spinal cord (umzekelo , i-Middle Meningeal Artery) , ii-nerve (umzekelo, i-Trigeminal Nerve , i-Vagus Nerve ), kunye nenkqubo ye-lymphatic (inkqubo esusa inkunkuma). Zikwabalulekile ekuhambeni kakuhle kolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF).

Iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zomaleko ngamnye we-meningeal

Ngoku makhe sijonge ezi layer zintathu ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.

Okungakumbi malunga neDura Mater

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, le yi-membrane engaphandle, etyebileyo, neyomeleleyo. Yenziwe ngamaleko amabini ezicubu ezidityanisiweyo. Elinye icala linamathele kwi-skull, kwaye elinye icala linamathele kwi-arachnoid mater.

Le dura mater inenkqubo ekhethekileyo yemithambo yegazi ebizwa ngokuba yi-dural venous sinuses . Le yileyo ikhupha igazi elingcolileyo engqondweni ize ibuyisele i-CSF esetyenzisiweyo kwinkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi.

I-dura mater ifumana igazi layo ikakhulu kwi -Middle Meningeal Artery . I-trigeminal nerve, ebalulekileyo kwiimvakalelo zobuso bethu kunye nokuhlafuna, nayo idlula kuyo.

Enye into ekhethekileyo nge-dura mater kukuba igoba ngaphakathi, yenze ii-membrane ezine ezibizwa ngokuba zii-dural reflections . Ezi zifana namakhethini amancinci ngaphakathi kwengqondo, ezahlula iindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho (ingakumbi ii-cerebral hemispheres) kwaye zinceda ekuzigcineni zilungelelene.

Okungakumbi malunga ne-Arachnoid Mater

Le yilaphu ephakathi phantsi kwe-dura mater. Ibizwa njalo kuba incinci kakhulu kwaye ifana ne-spider web. Ayinazo naziphi na imithambo yegazi okanye imithambo-luvo. Nangona kunjalo, ineeprojektha ezenziwe ngezicubu ezinxibelelanayo eziyidibanisa ne-dura mater. Isithuba esingaphantsi kwe-subarachnoid phakathi kwe-arachnoid mater kunye ne-dura mater sizaliswe lulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF), olunika impembelelo yokuthomalalisa ingqondo.

Okungakumbi ngoPia Mater

Le yinwebu engaphakathi nebhityileyo enamathela ngokuqinileyo kumphezulu wengqondo kunye nomqolo. Kubonakala ngathi ingene nzulu kuzo zonke iindawo zobuchopho. Uninzi lwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi kwizicubu zobuchopho idlula apha. Ikwanceda ukugcina i-'CSF' ikwindawo enye. Kwimeko yomqolo, le matrix ikwanceda ekunikeni umqolo amandla nokuqina.

Ziziphi izifo ezichaphazela i-meninges?

Iimeninges, ezenza umsebenzi obaluleke kangaka, zinokuchaphazeleka zizifo ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zazo zinokuba yingozi kakhulu. Makhe sijonge ezinye zeemeko eziphambili ezibonwayo:

• I-Meningitis: Olu luhlobo "lomkhuhlane wobuchopho" esiluvileyo sonke. Ngamafutshane, lusulelo (ukudumba) lwe-meninges. Olu sulelo lunokubangelwa yibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, okanye ifungi . Ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba yintoni kanye kanye , ukubhobozwa kwe-lumbar kudla ngokwenziwa ukuze kuvavanywe isampuli yolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal. Umzekelo, ukuba umntwana omncinci ngequbuliso uba nomkhuhlane ophezulu, intamo eqinileyo, kunye nokuhlanza, ezi zinokuba ziimpawu ze-meningitis. Kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ngoko nangoko. Amaxesha amaninzi, i-meningitis inokwenzeka ngaphandle kosulelo ngenxa yomhlaza, ezinye izifo ezivuthayo, utyando lobuchopho, okanye amayeza athile.

• I-Subdural Hematoma: Le yingqokelela yegazi phakathi kwe-dura mater kunye ne-arachnoid mater ngenxa yokuqhekeka komthambo wegazi. Le meko inokwenzeka kakhulu emva kokwenzakala entloko, ingakumbi kubantu abadala, okanye kubantu abathatha amayeza okunciphisa igazi . Ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba ukuwa okuncinci kunokubangela olu hlobo lokopha.

• Ukopha kwezinye iileya ze-meningeal: Ngenxa yokuba imithambo yegazi emininzi ihamba kwiileya ze-meninges, ukwenzakala entloko kunokubangela ukopha phakathi kwale leya.

Ukongeza koku, kukho nezinye iimeko:

• I-Meningioma: Olu luhlobo lwethumba olukhula kwi-meninges. EziIxesha elininzi, iithumba azinawo umhlaza (ezingenabungozi), oko kuthetha ukuba azisasazeki kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ezi thumba zikhula ngokwaneleyo ukuba zingene engqondweni kwaye zibe yingozi ebomini, kunokufuneka zisuswe ngotyando.

• IiMeningeal Carcinomatoses: Kulapho umhlaza oqale kwenye indawo emzimbeni usasazeka uye kwimeninges. Le yimeko enzulu ngakumbi.

Kukho ezinye izifo ezichaphazela nganye kwezi layer ngokwahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yokuba i-meninges yeyona ikhaka eliphambili elikhusela ubuchopho bethu, kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba nasiphi na isifo esichaphazela oku sinokuba yingozi ebomini .

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Ngoko ke, ngoku uyaqonda ukuba ezi membrane zintathu zibizwa ngokuba yi-meninges zixabiseke kangakanani engqondweni yethu nakwi-spinal cord. Njengabalindi abathathu abakhusela izinto zethu ezixabisekileyo.

Ezi layer zintathu, i-dura mater, i-arachnoid mater, kunye ne-pia mater, kunye nolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal, zikhusela izicubu zethu zobuchopho ekubetheni ukhakhayi. Zikwasebenza neminye imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo.

Ngoko ke, ukuba wenzakele entloko ngenxa yengozi (njengengozi yemoto, ukudlala imidlalo, okanye ukuwa), musa ukuyithatha lula loo nto. Ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba awuboni monakalo mkhulu ngaphandle, i-meninges okanye izicubu zobuchopho zinokonakala ngaphakathi kwaye zibangele ukopha (Intracranial Hemorrhage). Ngoko ke, ukuba wenzakele entloko, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ubone ugqirha kwaye ufumane ingcebiso. Emva koko, uvavanyo olufunekayo lunokwenziwa kwaye, ukuba kukho ingxaki, unyango lunokuqaliswa ngokukhawuleza. Khumbula, ingqondo yethu sisitho esixabisekileyo kakhulu, kwaye luxanduva lwethu ukuyinyamekela!

I- Meninges, Ubuchopho, Intambo Yomgogodla, I-Dura Mater, I-Arachnoid Mater, I-Pia Mater, I-Cerebrospinal Fluid, I-Meningitis, I-Subdural Hematoma, I-Meninges, I-CSF, I-CNS, Impilo Yobuchopho, Intambo Yomgogodla