Ngaba ufuna ukwazi ukuba yintoni kanye kanye iMeningococcal Disease? Masithethe ngayo!

Kukho izifo ezivakala ngathi ziyoyikisa kancinci nokuba usiva igama lazo, awucingi njalo? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo esinzulu kancinci, kodwa esinokulawulwa ukuba uyazi kwangaphambili. Oku kubizwa ngokuba sisifo se-meningococcal. Ungakhathazeki, masithethe ngayo yonke into ngokucacileyo.

Yintoni iMeningococcal Disease?

Ngamafutshane, isifo se-meningococcal sisifo sebhaktheriya . Sibangelwa yibhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuba yi-Neisseria meningitidis. Ngamanye amaxesha sibizwa ngokuba yi-meningococcus. Le bhaktheriya inokosulela ii-membranes ezikhuselayo ezijikeleze ingqondo yethu kunye nomqolo (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-meninges) kunye negazi . Ezi ntsholongwane ziyingozi kakhulu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba yingozi ebomini . Xa ii-meninges zosulelwe ngale ndlela, zibizwa ngokuba yi-meningococcal meningitis, kwaye xa igazi losulelwe, libizwa ngokuba yi-meningococcal septicemia (njengokutyhefwa kwegazi).

Ukuchaza igama elithi 'meninges' ngakumbi, lithetha iNkqubo yethu yeNervous eseMbindini , oko kukuthi, ii-membrane ezintathu ezijikeleze ubuchopho bethu kunye nomqolo. Njengee-membrane ezithambileyo ezahlula i-pith yeorenji, ezi zikwakhusela ubuchopho bethu kunye nomqolo. Enyanisweni, ulusu lwethu lolona membrane lukhulu olukhuselayo emzimbeni wethu. Ezi membrane zintathu yi-pia mater, i-arachnoid, kunye ne-dura mater.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwesifo se-meningococcal kunye ne-meningitis?

Ngoku usenokuba ucinga, 'Ngoko ke, ngaba isifo se-meningococcal kunye ne-meningitis ziyafana?' Ewe, kukho umahluko omncinci. Isifo se-meningococcal sibangelwa yintsholongwane ethile esiyikhankanyileyo ngaphambili, i-Neisseria meningitidis . Nangona kunjalo, 'i-meningitis' ligama eliqhelekileyo lalo naliphi na imeko ebangela ukudumba kwee-membranes (meninges) ezijikeleze ingqondo . Ngoko ke, i-meningitis inokwenzeka kwisifo se-meningococcal. Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke i-meningitis ezibangelwa yintsholongwane ebangela isifo se-meningococcal. I-Meningitis inokubangelwa nazizinye iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, kunye nefungi, akunjalo?

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu sisifo se-meningococcal?

Nangona nabani na enokufumana isifo se-meningococcal, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sisifo. Makhe sijonge ukuba bangoobani:

• Ngokweminyaka: Iintsana ezingaphantsi konyaka omnye ubudala, abantu abadala abaselula (ingakumbi abo baphakathi kweminyaka eli-16-23 ubudala), kunye nabantu abadala abancinci. Umngcipheko uphezulu nangakumbi ukuba la maqela eminyaka achaphazeleka ngumsi osetyenziswa ngabanye abantu (ukutshaya ngaphandle kokutshaya okanye ukutshaya ngokusebenzayo) .
• Uhambo lwangaphandle: Kwabo batyelela amazwe athile apho isifo se-meningococcal sixhaphake khona.
• Iimeko zempilo:
• Abantu abangenayo i-spleen okanye abane-spleen eyonakeleyo (i-spleen sisitho esibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela).
• Abantu abanesifo se-sickle cell.
• Abantu abanobuthathaka obuthile kwiinkqubo zabo zokuzikhusela komzimba, ingakumbi abo baneengxaki ngenxalenye yenkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Complement."
• Abantu abasebenzisa iziyobisi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"complement inhibitors" (umzekelo i-"Eculizumab (Soliris®)" kunye ne-"Ravulizumab (Ultomiris™)") zisetyenziselwa ezinye iimeko zonyango ezingaqhelekanga.
• Indlela yokuphila kunye nokusingqongileyo:
• Kwabo bahlala kwiindawo apho abantu abaninzi bahlala kufutshane, njengeendawo zokulala zaseyunivesithi kunye neenkampu zomkhosi. Cinga nje, xa kukho abantu abaninzi kwigumbi elinye, iintsholongwane zinokusasazeka ngokulula ngokukhwehlela okanye ukuthimla, akunjalo?
• Abantu abachaphazeleka sesi sifo ngexesha lobhubhane.
• Kwabo basebenza nale ntsholongwane kwiilabhoratri zophando.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le sifo?

Kumazwe afana ne-United States, inani lamatyala esi sifo liye lehla kancinci kancinci ukusukela kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini. Ngo-2019, zizigidi ezingama-371 kuphela ezibikwe apho. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqhambuka okuncinci kunokuvela ngamanye amaxesha, ingakumbi kubantu abahlala kufutshane. Oogqirha baseSri Lanka nabo bayayiqwalasela le sifo, kuba sinokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela iimpawu.

Ziziphi iimpawu zesifo se-meningococcal?

Zininzi iimpawu zesi sifo. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi, kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumanisa isifo ngokukhawuleza.

Iimpawu eziphambili zinokuba zezi:

• Ndiba nomkhuhlane ophezulu .
• Ndinentloko ebuhlungu kakhulu .
• Intamo eqinileyo . Olu luphawu oluqhelekileyo olunxulunyaniswa nesifo se-meningococcal kunye ne-meningitis. Ingavakala ngathi awukwazi ukugoba intamo yakho phambili, kwaye ingaba buhlungu xa uzama ukufaka isilevu sakho esifubeni sakho.
• Kuba nzima ukujonga ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo , kwaye amehlo abonakala eba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-"Photophobia".
• Ukucaphuka, ukuhlanza kunye/okanye isisu esibuhlungu kunye norhudo kunokwenzeka.
• Kuvela irhashalala eluswini ebonakala ngathi ngamachaphaza amancinci abomvu okanye amfusa . La maqhasha awabi mthubi xa kufakwa uxinzelelo (irhashalala engajikiyo). Ngamanye amaxesha la maqhasha anokuba makhulu aze abonakale ngathi yimivumbo. Olu luphawu oluthile noluyingozi.

Ukongeza koku, ezinye iimpawu zingabonakaliswa:

• Ukutya akunancasa.
• Ukuziva udidekile okanye unomsindo.
• Ndisoloko ndiziva ndilele kwaye kunzima ukuvuka.
• Intlungu kwizihlunu nasemalungeni.
• Kukho isandi esifana nokurhona, ukuncwina.
• Kuba nzima ukuhamba okanye ukuma nkqo.

Iintsana ezincinci zinokubonisa ezi mpawu ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Umzekelo:

• Abafuni ukusela ubisi kwaye bayahlanza.
• Umzimba uyashukuma okanye udideke.
• Ukudinwa kakhulu, ukuzama ukulala rhoqo, kunzima ukuvuka.
• Ukukhala ngelizwi eliphezulu (ukukhala okuphezulu).
• Indawo ethambileyo entloko (i-fontanelle) isenokudumba kwaye iqine.

Yintoni ebangela isifo se-meningococcal?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, isifo se-meningococcal sibangelwa yintsholongwane . Sisifo esosulelayo . Sisasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye ngokusebenzisa imibhobho yokuphefumla (amaconsi okuphefumla) . Ngamafutshane, esi sifo sinokusasazeka xa umntu onesifo ekhohlela, ethimla, okanye edibana nomntu onesifo (umzekelo, ukutya kwisitya esinye, ukusela kwikomityi enye, ukwanga, njl.njl.).

Kubalulekile: Iibhaktheriya ezibangela isifo se-meningococcal azinakuphila ixesha elide ngaphandle komzimba. Ngenxa yoko, akunakwenzeka ukuba zisasazeke kwiindawo ezifana neetafile nezitulo. Nangona kunjalo, kungcono ukuba ulumke ngezinto ezifana neetshefu kunye nezicubu ezisetyenzisiweyo sisigulana.

Isifo se-meningococcal sifunyanwa njani?

Isifo se-meningococcal ngamanye amaxesha sinokuba nzima ukusifumanisa kuba iimpawu zaso zinokufana nezezinye izifo, ezinje ngomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo okanye umkhuhlane . Ke ngoko, ukuze kuqinisekiswe esi sifo, ugqirha kufuneka afumane intsholongwane i-Neisseria meningitidis.

Ngoko ke, ugqirha uhlala esenza oku:

• Kuthathwa isampuli yegazi ize ivavanywe.
• Ngamanye amaxesha kwenziwa ukubhobozwa kwe-lumbar (Spinal Tap) . Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli encinci yolwelo olujikeleze umthambo womqolo (ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal - CSF) kwaye uluvavanye. Oku kungabonakala kuyoyikisa kancinci, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongweni. Oku kungenxa yokuba inokubona ngokuthe ngqo ukuba kukho iibhaktheriya kulwelo.

Ezi sampuli zithunyelwa kwilebhu ukuze kubonwe ukuba ingaba iintsholongwane zingakhuliswa na (zikhuliswe). Ukuba iintsholongwane ziyakhula, isifo sinokuqinisekiswa. Ukuba ezi zilingo azicacanga, ugqirha unokuyalela ezinye iimvavanyo.

Isifo se-meningococcal sinyangwa njani?

Isifo seMeningococcal sinyangwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane . Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba unesifo, angakuqala amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane nangaphambi kokuba aqinisekise ukuba unesifo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala unyango ngokukhawuleza. La mayeza okubulala iintsholongwane adla ngokunikezelwa njengeyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane, elinokukunceda ufumane iziphumo ngokukhawuleza.

Ukongeza kwii-antibiotics, olunye unyango oluxhasayo lunokufuneka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yesigulana. Umzekelo:

• Ukuba kukho ubunzima bokuphefumla, unyango lweoksijini lunokunikwa , mhlawumbi lude ludityaniswe nesixhobo somoya-mpilo.
• Ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi luphantsi, nika amayeza .
• Ukulawula amanqanaba olwelo lomzimba.
• Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba ulusu lonakele kwaye izicubu zifile, kunokufuneka notyando ukuze lunyangwe.

Iingxaki ezinxulumene nesifo se-meningococcal

Esi sisifo esibi kakhulu . Nokuba unyango lusebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, izigulane ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-15 kwezili-100 ziya kufa . Kwakhona, malunga nama-20% abo baphila kwesi sifo banokufumana iziphumo zexesha elide . Ezi ziquka:

• Ukungeva
• Ukulahlekelwa lilungu, ingakumbi ukuba i-septicemia iba mandundu.
• Umonakalo wemithambo-luvo
• Umonakalo wezintso
• Ukonakala kwengqondo kunokubangela iimeko ezifana nokukhubazeka kokufunda, ukuphazamiseka kwenkumbulo, kunye nesifo sokuwa.
• Ulusu olunezibazi.

Kungathatha ixesha elide ukuba uphile ngokupheleleyo. Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane adla ngokunikwa iintsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezili-10. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuthatha ixesha elide ukuba uphile ngokupheleleyo, ingakumbi ukuba uneengxaki.

Ungawunciphisa njani umngcipheko wokufumana isifo se-meningococcal?

Kukho izinto ezininzi esinokuzenza ukuze sizikhusele kwesi sifo siyingozi.

1. Gonywa

Kumazwe afana ne-United States, kukho iintlobo ezimbini zokugonya izifo ze-meningococcal. ESri Lanka, ungafumana neengcebiso zonyango ngale nto. Kulungile ngakumbi kwabo bakwiqela elisengozini enkulu (umz., iintsana ezingaphantsi konyaka omnye ubudala, abantu abadala abaselula, abantu abahlala kwiindawo zokulala, kunye nabo baneengxaki ezithile zempilo) ukuthetha nogqirha ngale migonyo. Olu gonyo lunokuba yimfuneko xa usiya kwamanye amazwe.

2. Thatha ii-Antibiotics zokuthintela ukuba kuyimfuneko

Ukuba usela amayeza anjenge-"complement inhibitor" esikhankanyileyo ngaphambili, ugqirha wakho unokukucebisa ukuba uthathe amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukuthintela isifo se-meningococcal ngelixa usela loo mayeza. La mayeza "complement inhibitor" adla ngokunikezelwa kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga ezifana nezi:

• `I-Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome` (Esi sisifo esinxulumene negazi)
• I-Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (kwakhona isifo segazi)
• I-myasthenia gravis eqhelekileyo (oku kubangela ubuthathaka bemisipha)

Kwakhona, ukuba uhlala nomntu onesifo se-meningococcal okanye ubusoloko unxibelelana naye (umz., kwikhaya elinye, kwiklasi enye), ugqirha wakho angakuxelela ukuba uthathe amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane njengendlela yokuthintela (amayeza okuthintela iintsholongwane / i-chemoprophylaxis) . Oku kukubulala iintsholongwane ukuba sele zikho emzimbeni wakho, ukuzithintela ekufumaneni esi sifo, kunye nokukuthintela ekusisasazeni kwabanye.

3. Ziqhelise ukuphepha kunye nokuthintela usulelo

Ngokubanzi, hlala kude nabantu abagulayo, ingakumbi abo banomkhuhlane okanye ukukhwehlela, nanini na kunokwenzeka . Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo kwaye kakuhle ngesepha namanzi., ubuncinane imizuzwana engama-20. Sebenzisa isicoci sezandla esisekelwe kutywala xa kungekho sepha namanzi. Kuphephe ukuchukumisa amehlo akho, impumlo, nomlomo ngezandla ezingahlanjwanga. Gquma umlomo wakho nempumlo yakho ngethishu okanye ngengqiniba yakho xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla. Nangona ezi ziindlela eziqhelekileyo zempilo, zinokukunceda ukukukhusela kwezi zifo ziyingozi.

Yintoni onokuyilindela ukuba unesifo se-meningococcal?

Isifo seMeningococcal sisifo esibi kakhulu . Sinokubangela i-'Meningococcal Meningitis' okanye i-'Meningococcal Septicemia'. Sinokuba yingozi . Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza .

Usenokuqala ukusebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngaphambi kokuba ugqirha aqinisekise ukuba unesifo se-meningococcal, njengoko unyango lwasekuqaleni lunyusa amathuba okuchacha ngokupheleleyo.

Nokuba unyango lukhona, ezinye iingxaki zinokwenzeka. Oku kunokukhokelela kumonakalo osisigxina eluswini okanye kwizitho zangaphakathi. Okanye, kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki zexeshana, ezinje ngobunzima bokugxila.

Okubalulekileyo, ngokungafaniyo nezinye izifo, isifo se-meningococcal sinokufunyanwa izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwesinye ebomini bakho. Ukuba naso kanye akukuniki amandla okuzikhusela ubomi bakho bonke. Ukuba ukhe wasifumana izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwesinye, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukuvavanya amasosha omzimba wakho.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha xa ukrokrela ukuba unesifo se-meningococcal okanye uneempawu?

Ukuba uneempawu zesifo se-meningococcal, okanye ukrokrela ukuba unaso, kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza, ngaphandle kokulibazisa. Oku kufanele kuthathwe njengengxamiseko.

Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iziphumo ezingalunganga kunyango, okanye ukuba uziva ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mandundu, xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.

Nangona ezinye zeempawu zesifo se-meningococcal, ezinje ngomkhuhlane kunye neentlungu zomzimba, zinokufana nezinye izifo ezingabalulekanga kangako, kubalulekile ukuqaphela nokunyanga esi sifo ngokukhawuleza kuba sinokuba yingozi ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unezinye zezi mpawu, ingakumbi intamo eqinileyo , umkhuhlane, kunye nokurhawuzelela kolusu , qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha. Ukugonywa yenye yezona nyathelo zibalulekileyo zokuthintela oku.

Ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule kweli bali (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoku uyaqonda ngcono into ebesithetha ngayo, isifo se-meningococcal. Khumbula:

• Isifo seMeningococcal sisifo esibi kakhulu, esisasazeka ngokukhawuleza esibangelwa ziibhaktheriya .
• Umkhuhlane, intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu, intamo eqinileyo , kunye namabala abomvu/amfusa eluswini (ingakumbi amabala angatshintshiyo xa ecinezelwe) zezona mpawu ziphambili zesilumkiso. Ukuba uzibona ezi zinto , funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza .Ixesha libaluleke kakhulu.
• Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango lwee-antibiotics kubalulekile ekusindiseni ubomi nasekunciphiseni iingxaki ezihlala ixesha elide.
• Ukugonywa yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela kwesi sifo, ingakumbi kwabo bakwiqela elisengozini enkulu. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto.
• Ucoceko lomntu (ukuhlamba izandla rhoqo, ukugquma umlomo xa ukhohlela/uthimla) kunye nokuhlala kude nabantu abagulayo nako kubalulekile.
• Endaweni yokoyika esi sifo, bubulumko ukuba nolwazi olufanelekileyo kwaye uthathe amanyathelo afunekayo . Ukuba wena okanye umntu kusapho lwakho unemibuzo malunga noku, ungaze ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha.

Isifo seMeningococcal , Isifo seMeningococcal, Usulelo lweBhaktheriya, iMeningitis, Iimpawu, Ugonyo, IiAntibiotics, iNeisseria meningitidis