Masifunde ngakumbi ngeMeningoencephalitis, echaphazela ingqondo yakho kunye nomzimba wobuchopho bakho.

Ingqondo yenye yezona zitho zibalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu. Kuthekani ke ukuba ingqondo iyagula? Khawucinge nje ukuba ingaba yingozi kangakanani. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo esinjalo, esibi kancinci, kodwa ukuba uyazi kakuhle into omawuyenze, ungathatha inyathelo ngokukhawuleza. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -meningoencephalitis . Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha babiza ngokuba yi-encephalomeningitis.

Ngoko ke yintoni i-meningoencephalitis?

Ngamafutshane, i-meningoencephalitis yimeko engaqhelekanga, kodwa enokuba yingozi ebomini apho uhlakulela zombini i-meningitis kunye ne-encephalitis ngaxeshanye.

Ngoku makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi izinto ezibangela i-meningitis kunye ne-encephalitis ngokwahlukeneyo.

• I-Meningitis lusulelo kunye nokudumba kwee-membranes ezikhuselayo (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-meninges) ezijikeleze ingqondo yakho kunye nomqolo (intambo yemithambo-luvo engaphakathi komqolo wakho). Ezi meninges zikhusela kwaye zixhasa ingqondo yakho kunye nomqolo wakho ekwenzakaleni.
• I-Encephalitis kukudumba okanye usulelo olukwizicubu zobuchopho.

Ngoko ke, xa ezi meko zimbini zidibana, kuvela i-meningoencephalitis. Le yimeko enzima enokuchaphazela nabani na wanoma yimuphi ubudala, kwaneentsana ezincinci kakhulu .

Ziziphi izizathu eziphambili ze-meningoencephalitis?

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-meningoencephalitis kuxhomekeke kwisizathu sesifo. Kodwa uninzi lwexesha ibangelwa lusulelo. Oko kukuthi, usulelo olubangelwa ziintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, iifungi, okanye i-amoeba. Ngamanye amaxesha inokubangelwa zizifo zokuzikhusela komzimba, umzekelo, i-autoimmune encephalitis okanye i-meningoencephalitis, okanye njengesiphumo esingesihle samayeza athile (njengonyango lokuthintela ukukhuselwa komzimba).

Makhe sijonge ezinye zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zosulelo:

• I-meningoencephalitis yebhaktiriya: Oku kubangelwa lusulelo lwebhaktiriya. Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zebhaktiriya ezibangela oku yiNeisseria meningitidis (ekwabizwa ngokuba sisifo se-meningococcal), iStreptococcus pneumoniae, kunye neHaemophilus influenzae type b.
• I-Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis: Olu luhlobo lwe-fungus. Luvela xa uhlobo lwe-fungus olubizwa ngokuba yi-Cryptococcus lusulela ingqondo yakho kunye/okanye imiphunga.
• I-Herpetic meningoencephalitis (HME):Inokubangelwa kukosuleleka yintsholongwane ye-herpes. Idla ngokubangelwa yintsholongwane ye-herpes simplex uhlobo 1 (HSV1) – intsholongwane ebangela izilonda zomkhuhlane. Nangona kunjalo, inokubangelwa yintsholongwane ye-herpes simplex uhlobo 2 (HSV2). Ngamanye amaxesha i-meningoencephalitis yenzeka ngexesha lokosuleleka kokuqala, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi ibangelwa kukuphinda kusebenze intsholongwane evela kukosuleleka kwangaphambili.
• I-amebic meningoencephalitis (i-PAM): Oku kubangelwa yi-amoeba ebizwa ngokuba yi-Naegleria fowleri. Le amoeba iphila kwihlabathi liphela, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinamanzi afudumeleyo namanzi acocekileyo afana namachibi, imilambo, kunye nemithombo yamanzi ashushu. Abanye abantu bayibiza ngokuba yi-"amoeba etya ubuchopho," kwaye iyingozi ngokufanayo.

Zithini iimpawu ze-meningoencephalitis?

Iimpawu zesi sifo zihlala zibonakala ngokukhawuleza kwaye zinokuba nzima ngokukhawuleza. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uzazi ezi mpawu.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo:

• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu.
• Ukuqina kwentamo okanye intlungu yentamo.
• Ifiva.
• Ukudinwa kakhulu.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha.
• Ubunzima bokuthetha.
• Uvelwano ekukhanyeni, nto leyo ethetha ubunzima bokujonga ukukhanya (photophobia).
• Ubunzima bokucinga ngokucacileyo.
• Utshintsho kubuntu nakwindlela yokuziphatha.
• Ukungaboni – ingakumbi ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo okanye ukuva izinto ezingekhoyo, njengokubona izinto ezingekhoyo okanye ukuva izinto ezingekhoyo.
• Ukuxhuzula.
• Ukungazi nto.

Ukuba umntwana omncinci unesifo, unokubonisa ezi mpawu zongezelelweyo:

• Ukuvela kwebunzi (njengokudumba).
• Ubunzima bokusela ubisi.
• Ukulala kakhulu okanye ubunzima bokuvuka.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu. I-Meningoencephalitis sisifo esisongela ubomi, ngoko ke unyango olukhawulezileyo lubalulekile!

Ngaba i-meningoencephalitis iyosulela?

I-Meningoencephalitis, ukudumba kobuchopho kunye ne-meninges , ayisuleli ngokuthe ngqo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye zezifo ezibangela oku zinokuba yiyo. Umzekelo, uninzi lweebhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane (ezifana ne-herpes simplex virus) ezibangela i-meningoencephalitis zinokusasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ziye komnye.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sesi sifo?

Abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka ngokubanzi basengozini enkulu yokufumana i-meningoencephalitis ebangelwa zizifo ezibangelwa zizifo.

Iimeko kunye nezinto ezenza buthathaka inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela:

• Ubudala: Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala kunye nabantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala badla ngokuba nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka. Iintsana zisengozini enkulu yokufumana esi sifo.
• Usulelo lwe-HIV (i-human immunodeficiency virus): Umzekelo, i-cryptococcal meningoencephalitis idla ngokuchaphazela abantu abane-HIV enzima.
• Ukusela amayeza okunciphisa amasosha omzimba: Kubantu abaye bafakelwa amalungu omzimba, bafakelwa iiseli zesiqu, okanye abasebenzisa la mayeza kwizifo ezithile zokuzikhusela komzimba.
• Unyango lomhlaza nomhlaza: olufana ne-chemotherapy kunye nonyango lwe-radiation.
• Isifo sokungabikho komzimba esiphambili (i-PIDD)
• Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba: Imizekelo ibandakanya i-psoriasis, isifo sikaCrohn, kunye ne-lupus.
• Ingxaki yokusebenzisa utywala.

Ukuba ucinga ukuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela zokuhlala usempilweni kunye nokuphepha izifo ezinzulu.

Ifunyanwa njani iMeningoencephalitis?

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho uneempawu ze-meningoencephalitis, oogqirha baza kusebenza ngokukhawuleza ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Baza kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kunye novavanyo lwe-neurological. Baza kukubuza nangeempawu zakho, njengokuthi zaqala njani kwaye nini.

Nazi ezinye iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukuqinisekisa isifo:

• Uvavanyo lolwelo lomzimba: Ulwelo olwahlukeneyo lomzimba, olufana nomchamo, igazi, kunye namathe, luyavavanywa ukuze kukhangelwe iimpawu zosulelo (ezifana nokwanda kwenani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi). Olu vavanyo lunokuchonga nohlobo losulelo.
• I-spinal tap (ukubhoboza i-lumbar): Kolu vavanyo, ugqirha wakho ufaka inaliti encinci emqolo wakho ongezantsi aze athathe isampuli yolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF). Ulwelo luvavanywa kwilebhu ukukhangela iibhaktheriya, ifungi, okanye iiseli ezingaqhelekanga, kunye neentlobo kunye namanqanaba eeproteni kunye neeseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Olu vavanyo lwe-CSF luhlala lusetyenziselwa ukwahlula i-meningoencephalitis kwezinye iimeko, ezifana nobuthi egazini okanye i-sepsis.
• Uvavanyo lwe-EEG (electroencephalogram): I-EEG ilinganisa kwaye irekhode imiqondiso yombane engqondweni yakho. Oogqirha bayisebenzisela ukukhangela iingxaki zokusebenza kwengqondo ukuze baxilonge okanye bavavanye i-meningoencephalitis.
• I-CT scan: I-CT scan luvavanyo olusebenzisa uthotho lwee-X-ray kunye nekhompyutha ukwenza imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zangaphakathi lomzimba wakho. Ingabonisa iingxaki ezifana nokuqhekeka kwegazi, ukudumba, kunye nosulelo ebuchotsheni okanye kwi-meninges.
• Iskeni se-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging):I-MRI scan luvavanyo olusebenzisa imagnethi enkulu, amaza erediyo, kunye nekhompyutha ukuthatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha. Njenge-CT scan, inokubonisa iingxaki engqondweni okanye kwi-meninges. I-MRI ilungele abantwana abancinci kuba ayisebenzisi imitha.

Inyangwa njani i-meningoencephalitis?

Unyango lwale meko luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu kunye nobunzima bemeko. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kufuneka ukulaliswa esibhedlele ukuze kunyangwe.

Iindlela ezininzi zonyango:

• Amayeza okunyanga usulelo olusisiseko: Umzekelo, amayeza okulwa nentsholongwane ayafuneka kwi-cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. Amayeza okulwa nentsholongwane, anjenge-acyclovir, asetyenziselwa i-herpetic meningoencephalitis.
• Amayeza okuthintela ukuxhuzula: Amayeza anjenge-dilantin okanye i-phenytoin anikwa ukuthintela okanye ukunyanga ukuxhuzula okubangelwa yi-meningoencephalitis.
• Ii-Corticosteroids kunye ne-diuretics: Ii-Corticosteroids, ezifana ne-Decadron, zinokunceda ekunciphiseni ukudumba. Zinokunceda nasekuthinteleni ukulahleka kokuva okunokwenzeka kwi-meningoencephalitis.
• Ukukhupha amanzi kwi-cerebrospinal fluid: Oku kunceda ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwentloko.
• Izithomalalisi zentlungu kunye/okanye izithomalalisi: La mayeza angasetyenziswa xa kukho ukudumba okukhulu.

Iqela lezonyango liza kukubeka esweni ngokusondeleyo ngexesha lokuhlala kwakho esibhedlele. Liza kuthatha amanyathelo afunekayo kuzo naziphi na iingxaki okanye iingxaki onokuba nazo.

Lingakanani izinga lokuchacha komntu one-meningoencephalitis?

Uqikelelo lokuchacha kwesi sifo luxhomekeke kwisizathu sesifo, ubukhali baso, kunye nokuba unyango lufunyanwa ngokukhawuleza kangakanani.

Kwabo basinde kwi-cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, malunga nama-69% banokukhubazeka kwengqondo (ukucinga) kunye/okanye ngokomzimba kwiinyanga ezili-12 emva kokufunyaniswa ukuba bane-meningoencephalitis. Phakathi kwama-50% kunye nama-70% abo banesifo se-herpetic meningoencephalitis banokufumana umonakalo osisigxina engqondweni, iingxaki zemithambo-luvo, okanye i-coma.

Nangona kunjalo, abo banesifo esingabalulekanga kangako kwaye bafumana unyango kwangethuba banamathuba amaninzi okuba neengxaki ezimbalwa.

Ngaba i-Meningoencephalitis ingathintelwa?

Ayizizo zonke iimeko ze-meningoencephalitis ezinokuthintelwa. Nangona kunjalo, eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho kukuzama ukuhlala usempilweni kwaye uhlale kude neebhaktheriya, iintsholongwane kunye nefungi ezibangela usulelo.

Nazi ezinye iindlela onokuzikhusela ngazo wena nabanye kwizifo:

• Hlamba izandla zakho ngesepha rhoqo.
• Gquma umlomo wakho nempumlo xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla.
• Coca iindawo eziphathwa rhoqo (ezifana nezibambo zomnyango, iitafile) ngesibulali-ntsholongwane.
• Nciphisa okanye uyeke ngokupheleleyo ukunxulumana nabantu abanesifo esosulelayo, nokuba wena okanye omnye umntu uyagula.
• Kuphephe ukuhlamba okanye ukusela amanzi anokuba neentsholongwane. Ukuba usebenzisa ukunkcenkceshela ngeempumlo, sebenzisa amanzi acociweyo okanye acocekileyo.
• Sebenzisa iikhondom ukuze uzikhusele kwizifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo (ii-STI) kwaye uvavanyelwe ii-STI rhoqo.
• Nxiba imaski kwiindawo ezinothuli, njengakwiindawo zokwakha, kwaye uhlale ngaphakathi endlwini xa kukho izivuthuvuthu zothuli. Ukuba uhlala kwindawo apho izifo ezibangelwa yifungus zixhaphake khona, thatha amanyathelo okhuseleko angakumbi.
• Soloko uqhagamshelana nogqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso, ingakumbi ukuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka (ayinawo amasosha omzimba afanelekileyo).
• Ukuba uhambela kwamanye amazwe, funda indlela yokuzikhusela kwizifo ezosulelayo ezixhaphakileyo kuloo mazwe.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

I-Meningoencephalitis sisifo esibi kakhulu nesisongela ubomi. Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ninayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza. Unyango lwangethuba lelona thuba lilungileyo lokufumana iziphumo ezilungileyo. Ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana usulelo, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nendlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho kwaye uhlale usempilweni. Siyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kukunceda. Hlala usempilweni!

i- meningoencephalitis, usulelo lobuchopho, i-meningitis, i-encephalitis, umkhuhlane wobuchopho, isifo semithambo-luvo, isifo esosulelayo