Ngaba umhlaza ovela kwenye indawo emzimbeni wakho ungasasazeka uye engqondweni yakho? Masithethe nge-"Brain Metastases"

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba ingaba umhlaza oqala kwenye inxalenye yomzimba unokusasazeka uye engqondweni? Ngamanye amaxesha uyasasazeka. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesinye sezifo ezinjalo, umhlaza osasazeka uye engqondweni, okanye njengoko oogqirha bewubiza ngokuba yi-" Brain Metastases". Nangona le yingongoma enzulu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyiqonda le nto. Kuba xa ifunyanwa kwangoko, kokukhona inokuthi inyangwe.

Yintoni i-`(Brain Metastases)`? Masiyiqonde ngokulula!

Ngamafutshane, i-metastases yobuchopho kuxa umhlaza oqale kwenye indawo emzimbeni wakho, njengemiphunga yakho, ibele, okanye ulusu (ingakumbi i-melanoma) - esikubiza ngokuba yi -tumor eyintloko - usasazeka uye engqondweni. Xa ezi seli zomhlaza zihamba ziye engqondweni, zenza i-tumor enye okanye ezingaphezulu apho. Cinga ngayo njengembewu yesityalo ekhula kwenye indawo.

Ezi thumba zinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kweendawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho. Iimpawu ozifumanayo zixhomekeke ekubeni ezi thumba zikhula phi engqondweni.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Enyanisweni, olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwethumba lobuchopho olubonwa kubantu abadala. Iingcali zithi phakathi kwe-10% kunye ne-30% yabantu abanomhlaza kwenye indawo emzimbeni baya kuba nomhlaza wabo usasazeke engqondweni ngaxa lithile ebomini babo. Le ngozi idla ngokwanda emva kweminyaka engama-45, kwaye imeko idla ngokufunyaniswa kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala.

Nangona kunjalo, umhlaza oqala engqondweni ngokwawo (umhlaza wobuchopho oyintloko) awuxhaphakanga kangako. Amaxesha amaninzi, iithumba eziqala ngaphakathi okanye kumphezulu wobuchopho azinawo umhlaza (azinabungozi).

Zeziphi iimpawu ezinokubakho xa umhlaza usasazeka uye engqondweni?

Iimpawu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni i-brain tumor ikwindawo enjani kunye nendlela echaphazela ngayo ukusebenza kwengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimpawu eziqhelekileyo:

• Intloko ebuhlungu: Ngamanye amaxesha ingahamba nesicaphucaphu nokuhlanza. Le ntloko ebuhlungu ayifani nentloko eqhelekileyo, inokuba buhlungu kancinci kwaye iqhubeke.
• Ukuxhuzula: Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo ngequbuliso kunye nokuxhuzula kunokwenzeka.
• Ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba: Ukuziva ngathi unesithukuthezi engalweni okanye emlenzeni, okanye ukungakwazi ukusebenzisa icala elinye ngokufanelekileyo (hemiparesis).
• Ubunzima bokucinga: izinto ezifana nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo yexesha elifutshane, utshintsho kwimo yengqondo.
• Ubunzima bokuthetha okanye ukuqonda: Amagama angaqondakaliyo, kubonakala ngathi awukwazi ukuqonda oko kuthethwayo.
• Iingxaki zokubona: Ukubona okunciphileyo okanye okufipheleyo, ingakumbi kwicala elinye.

Njengoko le meko "yeBrain Metastases" iqhubeka, ungabona iimpawu ezintsha:

• Ubunzima bokuva, ukuginya, okanye ukubona kabini.
• Ukulala kakhulu: Olu lolona phawu luqhelekileyo olubonakala kwinqanaba lokugqibela lesi sifo.

Kubalulekile: Ngamanye amaxesha, xa umhlaza usasazeka uye engqondweni, iimpawu ezifana "nestroke" zinokwenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu ze "stroke" zivela ngequbuliso, kodwa iimpawu zeethumba zobuchopho ezisasazekayo zihlala zibonakala kancinci kancinci kwaye ziba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Yintoni ebangela ukuba umhlaza usasazeke engqondweni?

Iithumba zengqondo ezisasazekayo zenzeka xa iiseli zomhlaza ziphuma kwithumba kwenye indawo emzimbeni zize ziye engqondweni. Ezi seli zomhlaza zihlala zihamba ngegazi. Abaphandi abakaqiniseki ukuba kutheni ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza oyintloko zinokuthi zisasazeke ngakumbi ziye engqondweni kunezinye.

Iintlobo zomhlaza ezixhaphakileyo ezisasazeka engqondweni zezi:

• Umhlaza wemiphunga: Malunga nesiqingatha sabantu abanomhlaza wemiphunga banokusasazeka usiya engqondweni. Oku kuqheleke kakhulu kuhlobo olubizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci.
• Umhlaza webele: Umhlaza webele osasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba (umhlaza webele osasazekayo) usasazeka uye engqondweni kubantu abayi-10% ukuya kwi-15%. Lo mngcipheko uphezulu kwiintlobo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"HER2+ breast cancer" kunye ne-"triple-negative breast cancer".
• I-Melanoma: Malunga nesiqingatha sabantu abanolu hlobo lomhlaza wolusu baya kuba nomhlaza osasazeka engqondweni.

Ukongeza, umhlaza ofana nomhlaza wezintso, umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu, kunye nomhlaza we-thyroid nawo unokusasaza uye engqondweni, kodwa kancinci.

Ufumanisa njani ukuba umhlaza usasazeke engqondweni?

Ukuba sele unomhlaza kwaye ubonisa iimpawu zethumba lobuchopho, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo oluthile. Ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba awunazo iimpawu, ukuba unohlobo lomhlaza olunokuthi lusasazeke engqondweni, ugqirha wakho unokujonga "iimetastases zobuchopho."

Uvavanyo loku zezi:

• Uvavanyo lwe-neurological: Ugqirha wakho uza kujonga ibhalansi yakho, ulungelelwaniso, imeko yengqondo, ukuva, umbono, kunye nokusabela kwengqondo ukuze afumane umbono wokuba zeziphi iindawo zobuchopho bakho ezichaphazeleka lolu tshintsho.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokwenziwa ukujonga izinto (iimpawu zethumba) ezikhutshwa egazini ziintlobo ezithile zomhlaza.
• I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) ene-contrast: I-MRI scan ingathatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zobuchopho. Xa into ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-contrast ifakwa emzimbeni kwaye olu vavanyo lwenziwa, ii-tumor ezikwingqondo zinokubonakala ngokucacileyo kwimifanekiso.
• Uvavanyo lweBiopsy (`Biopsy`):Ukuba ezinye iimvavanyo aziboneleli ngolwazi olwaneleyo lokwenza uxilongo, kunokufuneka i-biopsy. Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli encinci yezicubu ezivela kwithumba kwaye uyijonge ukuba azinazo na iiseli zomhlaza. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa xa lonke okanye inxalenye yethumba isusiwe ngotyando.

Iintsholongwane ezisasazeke engqondweni zinyangwa njani?

Injongo ephambili yonyango lwee-metastatic brain tumors kukuyeka okanye ukucothisa ukukhula kwe-brain tumour kunye nokulawula iimpawu zakho. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango:

• Amayeza okulawula iimpawu.
• Unyango lwemitha kunye notyando.
• Amayeza okulwa nomhlaza.

Amayeza okulawula iimpawu

Okokuqala, ugqirha wakho angakunika amayeza okulawula iimpawu zakho ezikhawulezileyo. Umzekelo, angakunika amayeza abizwa ngokuba yi-corticosteroids ukunciphisa ukudumba (i-edema) engqondweni yakho okubangela intloko ebuhlungu. Angakunika amayeza abizwa ngokuba yi-anticonvulsants ukunqanda nokulawula ukuxhuzula.

Unyango lwemitha kunye notyando

Iindlela zonyango eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukususa yonke okanye inxalenye yomhlaza wobuchopho zezi:

• Utyando lwe-Stereotactic radiosurgery / Gamma Knife® radiosurgery: Olu lunyango oluqhelekileyo lwe-metastases yobuchopho kumazwe afana ne-United States. Kule meko, iidosi eziphezulu ze-radiation zijoliswe kwi-brain tumor, ngelixa lonke intloko yakho kunye nengqondo zifumana i-radiation encinci kakhulu. Olu nyango ludla ngokwenziwa kwiseshoni yonyango enye.
• Unyango lwemitha yobuchopho obupheleleyo: Ukuba unezimila ezininzi engqondweni yakho, okanye ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwiinwebu zobuchopho (ezikwabizwa ngokuba sisifo se-leptomeningeal), ugqirha wakho angasebenzisa olu nyango. Oku kubandakanya malunga neeseshoni ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-15 kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu.
• Utyando lobuchopho: Iithumba zinokususwa nangotyando lwesintu.

Amayeza okulwa nomhlaza

Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza wakho wokuqala, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa unyango lwamayeza ukongeza kutyando okanye unyango lwemitha:

• Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Amayeza amaninzi ekhemotherapy awasebenzi kumhlaza osasazeke waya engqondweni. Oku kungenxa yokuba la mayeza awakwazi ukunqumla umqobo wegazi-ubuchopho, nto leyo ethintela ezinye izinto ezisegazini (ezifana namayeza ekhemotherapy) ukuba zingafikeleli engqondweni. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umhlaza usasazeke waya kulwelo olujikeleze ingqondo, oogqirha banokufaka amayeza ekhemotherapy ngqo kuloo lwelo.
• Unyango olujoliswe kulo: La mayeza asebenza ngokuphazamisa iinkqubo ezisetyenziswa ziiseli zomhlaza ukuze zande. Uphando lufumanise ukuba la mayeza anokusebenza xa ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wemiphunga nowebele zisasazeke engqondweni.
• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy lusebenzisa amayeza ukunceda inkqubo yakho yomzimba ifumane kwaye itshabalalise iiseli zomhlaza. Olu nyango lunokunceda kumhlaza wemiphunga kunye ne-melanoma esasazeke engqondweni.

Ngaba umhlaza ungathintelwa ukuba ungasasazeki engqondweni?

Umhlaza wobuchopho udla ngokusasazeka ngenxa yomhlaza wemiphunga, webele, kunye nomhlaza we-melanoma okhoyo. Ngoko ke, ukunyanga loo mhlaza ngokufanelekileyo linyathelo lokuqala lokunciphisa umngcipheko wokusasazeka komhlaza wobuchopho. Kubalulekile nokuqonda umngcipheko wakho wokuba nale meko.

Buza ugqirha wakho malunga nomngcipheko wakho wokusasazeka komhlaza wobuchopho.

Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke engqondweni yam, ndimele ndilindele ntoni?

Ukwanda kwe-metastases ebuchotsheni ngamanye amaxesha kunokunyangwa . Nangona kunjalo, nokuba akukho nyango lupheleleyo, unyango lunokukunceda uphile ixesha elide kwaye luphucule umgangatho wobomi bakho. Ngaphambili, kwakucingwa ukuba umntu one-metastases ebuchotsheni uya kuba nexesha elinzima lokuphila ngaphaya kweenyanga ezintandathu. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yonyango olutsha, abantu abaninzi ngoku baphila ixesha elide ngolu hlobo lokuxilongwa kwaye banolawulo olungcono lweempawu zabo. Enyanisweni, uninzi lwabantu abanomhlaza osasazeke ebuchotsheni abafi ngenxa ye-tumor ebuchotsheni ngokwayo.

Kodwa, umbuzo abantu abaninzi abanawo ngowokuba, "Ithumba lam liza kukhula ngokukhawuleza kangakanani?" Oku kudla ngokwahlukana ukusuka kumntu ukuya komnye. Amava akho aya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka uhlobo lomhlaza obenawo, inani lamathumba onawo, kunye nendlela osabela ngayo kunyango.

Ugqirha wakho ngumntu ofanelekileyo ukuchaza indlela ezi zinto ezichaphazela ngayo imeko yakho. Mbuze ukuba yintoni onokuyilindela ngokusekelwe kwisifo sakho.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Xa sele ujongene nonyango lomhlaza, ukuba umhlaza usasazeke engqondweni kunokuzisa imingeni emitsha. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amanyathelo kunye nezixhobo ezinokukunceda:

• Umsebenzi nokuqhuba: Ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni iphi ithumba lobuchopho bakho, unokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nesithuthwane. Oku kunokuchaphazela amandla akho okusebenza okanye okuqhuba. Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza okunciphisa lo mngcipheko.
• Ukuchacha emva konyango: Ukuba utyando okanye unyango lwemitha ukususa ithumba lobuchopho bakho, uya kufuna inkxaso yabantu obathandayo ngelixa uchacha.
• Ukulawula iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga: Ungadinga uncedo lokulawula iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lomhlaza. Kungumbono olungileyo ukufuna uncedo kwiqela lonyango lokudambisa iintlungu ukuze likuncede ulawule iimpawu ezintsha kunye nemingeni yemihla ngemihla yokufunyaniswa komhlaza.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha wam?

Ukuba ufumanisa iimpawu ezintsha, okanye ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mandundu, nokuba zinxulumene nomhlaza wakho wokuqala okanye umhlaza osasazeke engqondweni yakho, xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Kubalulekile ukuba ugqirha wakho azi ngezi nguqu ukuze akwazi ukujonga impilo yakho aze achonge unyango olunokukunceda.

Ndingaya nini kwigumbi likaxakeka (ER)?

Iithumba zobuchopho zisengozini enkulu yokuba neengxaki zemithambo-luvo ezifuna unyango olungxamisekileyo, ezifana nokuxhuzula kunye nokulahlekelwa ngamalungu omzimba. Kwakhona, funa unyango olungxamisekileyo kwangoko nje ukuba iimpawu zokuqala ze-`(stroke)` zibonakale. Iimpawu ze-`(stroke)` zivela ngequbuliso kwaye zinokubandakanya:

• Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi emzimbeni.
• Utshintsho kwimbono.
• Ukugquma amagama ngelixa ethetha.
• Ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Xa ufumanisa ukuba umhlaza wakho usasazeke engqondweni yakho, usenokuba uzibuza ukuba kuthetha ukuthini oku kuxilonga kutsha, ingakumbi kuba sele ujongene nohlobo oluthile lomhlaza. Nazi ezinye zemibuzo ezinokukunceda uqonde imeko yakho:

• Ukusasazeka komhlaza engqondweni kuza kundichaphazela njani?
• Loluphi unyango olucebisayo?
• Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zezi ndlela zonyango?
• Ngaba ukusasazeka komhlaza engqondweni kuthetha ukuba umhlaza uza kusasazeka nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba wam?
• Zeziphi izixhobo ozicebisayo ukuze ufumane inkxaso eyongezelelweyo?
• Ithini ingxelo yokugula kwam?

Ukufumanisa ukuba umhlaza usasazeke engqondweni kunokuvakala ngathi kukungena kwihlabathi elingaziwayo. Akukho zimpendulo zilula kolu xilongo, kodwa lukho uncedo. Ungoyiki ukubuza imibuzo enzima, efana nokuba zeziphi iziphumo onokuzilindela kunyango kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga onokuzifumana. Iqela lakho lezonyango linokukukhokela ukuba wenze izigqibo ezilungileyo.

## Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo oya nawo ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke ngokwezinto esizithethileyo, ndiyathemba ukuba ufumene ukuqonda okungcono `(Brain Metastases)`. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukufumanisa kwangethuba kunye nonyango olukhawulezileyo .

• Ukuba umntu onomhlaza kwenye indawo emzimbeni ufumana iimpawu ezifana neentloko ezibuhlungu ezingaqhelekanga, ukuxhuzula, okanye ukulahlekelwa zingqondo kwelinye icala lomzimba , funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza .
• Ukwanda kwe-metastases ebuchotsheni akusoloko kubulalayo. Unyango lwanamhlanje lunokwandisa ubomi kwaye luphucule umgangatho wobomi.
• Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho. Yabelana ngayo yonke imibuzo yakho, uloyiko lwakho, kunye nezinto ezikuxhalabisayo.
• Kubalulekile ukuhlala uqinile. Fumana inkxaso kusapho, kubahlobo, nakwiqela lakho lezonyango.

Siyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luluncedo kuwe. Hlala usempilweni!

` Ukusasazeka kweMetastases yoBuchopho, Umhlaza, Iithumba zoBuchopho, Iimpawu zoMhlaza, Unyango loMhlaza, Ukusasazeka koMhlaza