Oko kufuneka ukwazi ngeMucosal Melanoma!

Sonke sivile ngomhlaza wolusu, akunjalo? Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba ngamanye amaxesha ezi cancer zinokukhula ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu, kwiindawo ezingabonakaliyo ngaphandle? Olunye uhlobo lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga kodwa oluyingozi lubizwa ngokuba yiMucosal Melanoma. Ukuba oku kuvakala ngathi kunzulu kancinci, ungakhathazeki. Masithethe ngale nto ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni le nto kuthiwa yiMucosal Melanoma?

Ngamafutshane, iMucosal Melanoma luhlobo lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga olubizwa ngokuba yiMelanoma . Luqala kwiinwebu zomzimba wethu. Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba yintoni inwebu ye-mucous. Lulwebu olubhityileyo nolumanzi olugubungela amalungu angaphakathi emzimbeni wethu, njengangaphakathi kwempumlo, ngaphakathi emlonyeni, kwimpundu, nakwilungu lobufazi. Cinga ngalo njengolusu olubhityileyo nolumanzi ngaphakathi emlonyeni wethu. Kulapho ezi nwebu ze-mucous zifumaneka khona.

Ngoko ke, ungayifumana le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-mucosal melanoma naphi na apho kukho ii-mucous membranes. Kodwa ixhaphake kakhulu kwi:

• Kwiindawo zentloko nentamo: ingakumbi impumlo, imilebe, nangaphakathi emlonyeni.
• Ummandla we-anorectal: Oku kuthetha indawo ejikeleze i-anus yakho kunye nendlela ephuma ngayo indle yakho.
• Ummandla we-Vulvovaginal: Iindawo zangaphandle zelungu lobufazi kunye neendawo ezingqongileyo .

Le meko idla ngokuchaphazela abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-70 ubudala. Ngelishwa, umhlaza usenokuba sele usasazeke (ususele kwi-metastasized) uye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba ngexesha lokuxilongwa kwawo. Oogqirha banokunyanga olu hlobo lwe-mucosal melanoma ngotyando. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, inyangwa liqela loogqirha abahlukeneyo abasebenza kunye ukusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango.

Ingaba le yimeko eqhelekileyo?

Hayi, akunjalo ngokwenene. Kunqabile kakhulu . Cinga ngako, i-American Cancer Society iqikelela ukuba kuza kubakho amatyala amatsha angama-99,000 e-melanoma ngo-2022. Kodwa olu hlobo lwe-melanoma, olubizwa ngokuba yi-mucosal melanoma, lubandakanya kuphela i-1% yazo zonke iimeko ze-melanoma. Abo ngabantu abamalunga nama-990. Ngoko ungabona ukuba oku kunqabile kangakanani.

Ziziphi iimpawu zeMucosal Melanoma?

Kulapho ke kudideka khona kancinci. Kuba iimpawu ze-mucosal melanoma zinokungabonwa lula . Kungenxa yokuba lo mhlaza ukhula kwiindawo ezifihlakeleyo emizimbeni yethu esingenakukwazi ukuzijonga rhoqo. Cinga ngaphakathi kwempumlo yethu okanye ulusu olujikeleze i-anus yethu. Asisoloko sibona utshintsho kwezo ndawo.

Ngaphezu koko, ezi mpawu ngamanye amaxesha zinokufana nezezinye izifo ezingabalulekanga kangako. Abantu abaninzi abazithathi ezi nguqu njengeempawu zengxaki enkulu. Iimpawu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni umhlaza uqala phi.

Intloko nentamo ezinxulumene

Phakathi kwe-31% kunye ne-51% yazo zonke iimeko ze-mucosal melanoma zenzeka entlokweni nasentanyeni. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili, kunye neempawu ezinxulumene nazo:

I-melanoma ye-mucosal yomlomo

Lo mhlaza uchaphazela ingaphakathi lomlomo wakho, kwimilebe yakho. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Iqhuma elulwimini elingapholiyo kwaye liya likhula ngokukhula.
• Isilonda emlonyeni esingapholiyo.
• Intlungu yomlomo.
• Ukopha emlonyeni.
• Amazinyo okufakelwa awalingani kakuhle. (Ukuba unxiba amazinyo okufakelwa)

I-Sinonasal mucosal melanoma

Lo ngumhlaza okhula kwiindlela zempumlo kunye neempumlo. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Ukopha okuqhubekayo okuvela empumlweni enye (ukopha empumlweni - `epistaxis`) .
• Ukuziva ngathi kukho into ebambeke ngaphakathi empumlweni (ukuvaleka kwempumlo) .
• Ukuchama rhoqo.
• Intlungu yobuso.

I-melanoma ye-mucosal ye-Laryngeal/pharyngeal

Olu lolona hlobo lungaqhelekanga lwe-mucosal melanoma. Ichaphazela umqala wakho. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Ukurhawuzelela kwelizwi.
• Ubunzima bokuginya ukutya (dysphagia) .
• Umphimbo obuhlungu okanye usulelo (pharyngitis) .
• Kuvela iqhuma okanye ithumba ngaphandle kwentamo.

Ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwempundu

I-anorectal mucosal melanoma yenzeka kwi-rectum kunye/okanye kwi-anus yakho. Ichaphazela phakathi kwe-17% kunye ne-24% yazo zonke izigulana. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Intlungu kwi-rectum okanye kwi-anus.
• Iqhuma okanye ithumba elikwi-rectum okanye kwi-anus.
• Ukopha okuphuma kwimpundu okanye kwi-rectum.
• Ukuqhinwa.
• Ukurhawuzelela ejikeleze i-anus (pruritus ani) .

Kwindawo yesini nakwindawo yangaphandle yesini

I-Vulvovaginal mucosal melanoma yenzeka eludongeni lwesini nakwi-vulva kubasetyhini. Ichaphazela malunga ne-18% yabo bonke abaguli. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Ukopha kwamalungu esini ngexesha lokuya exesheni okanye emva kokuya exesheni (oko kukuthi, emva kokuba ukuya exesheni kuyekile ngokupheleleyo).
• Intlungu yesini.
• Kunokubakho ukukhupha okungaqhelekanga kwilungu lobufazi, kwanokukhupha igazi .
• Iqhuma okanye ukukhula kwilungu lobufazi okanye kwindawo yangaphandle yobufazi.
• Ukurhawuzelelwa kwilungu lobufazi okanye ngaphandle kwelungu lobufazi okungaphucukiyo nangona unyango lukhona.

Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ezi mpawu zihlala zibangelwa zezinye iimeko zonyango eziqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, ingakumbi ukuba ziyaqhubeka, nceda udibane nogqirha . Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kusoloko kunceda kakhulu kunyango oluphumelelayo.

Kutheni le nto ikhula le melanoma ye-mucosal? Zithini izizathu?

Impendulo emfutshane kukuba abaphandi bezonyango abakayazi eyona nto ibangela i-mucosal melanoma. Njengazo zonke ii-melanoma, olu hlobo lomhlaza luqala kwiiseli ezibizwa ngokuba yi-melanocytes . Ii-Melanocytes ziiseli ezivelisa i-pigment melanin, emisela umbala wamehlo ethu, iinwele kunye nolusu. Le melanin ikhusela ulusu lwethu kunye namehlo ethu ekonakaleni lilanga.

Kodwa okumangalisayo kukuba, abaphandi basafunda ukuba kutheni la maseli e-melanocyte, akhusela ekukhanyeni kwelanga, efumaneka kwiinwebu ze-mucous ezingafumani kukhanya kwelanga rhoqo.

Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi bafumanise ukuba utshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo ezimbini lunokuba negalelo ekuphuhlisweni kwezinye zezi melanomas ze-mucosal. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi-somatic mutations , oko kuthetha ukuba aziyonto esizalwa nayo, kodwa zitshintsho ezenzeka kwiiseli zethu ngexesha lobomi bethu. Utshintsho kwi -gene ye-KIT kunye ne-gene ye-BRAF lufumaneka kwipesenti encinci yezigulane ze-mucosal melanoma:

• I-KIT gene: I-KIT gene ilawula indlela ezinye iiseli, kuquka ii-melanocytes, ezikhula ngayo ngokukhawuleza. Njenge-BRAF gene, i-KIT gene yenza iproteni enceda iiseli zikhule. Xa i-KIT gene iguquguquka, iproteni ye-KIT ilahlekisa ezinye iiproteni, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iiseli zahlukane kwaye ziphindaphindeke ngokukhawuleza kunesiqhelo. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba utshintsho lwe-KIT lufumaneka kwi-7% ukuya kwi-17% yazo zonke iimeko ze-mucosal melanoma. Zikwafumaneka nakwi-30% yamatyala e-mucosal melanoma yesini nakwi-vulva.

• I-BRAF gene: I-BRAF gene ilawula iiproteni ezilawula ukukhula kwee-melanocytes. Ezi proteni zifumana imiyalelo kwi-BRAF gene malunga nokuba iiseli kufuneka zahlukane kwaye ziphindaphindeke ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Xa i-BRAF gene itshintshatshintsha, loo miyalelo iyatshintshwa, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iiseli zande ngokungalawulekiyo kwaye ekugqibeleni zibe ngumhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, utshintsho lwe-BRAF lubonakala kuphela kwipesenti encinci yamatyala, phakathi kwe-3% kunye ne-15% yazo zonke iimeko ze-mucosal melanoma.

Ukuvezwa lilanga yimbangela ye-melanoma yolusu. Ngaba kunjalo nakwi-mucosal melanoma?

Hayi, akunjalo. I-Mucosal melanoma ikhula kwiindawo ezingachaphazeleki lilanga, njengangaphakathi kwempumlo, ngaphakathi emlonyeni, okanye kwi-anus. Ngoko ke ukukhanya kwelanga akubangelwa ngqo.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le sifo?

Oogqirha basebenzisa iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ukuxilonga esi sifo, kuquka:

• Iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zokuthatha imifanekiso zingabandakanywa, ezifana ne -CT scans (Computed Tomography scans) kunye ne -MRI scans (Magnetic Resonance Imaging scans) . Ezi zinokujonga amathumba angaphakathi emzimbeni, ubungakanani bawo, kunye nokuba asasazekile na.
• Kuyenziwa ii-biopsy . Oku kuthetha ukuba isampuli encinci yeeseli okanye izicubu ithathwa kwindawo ekrokrisayo ize ihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope ziingcali zezifo. Yiyo le nto imisela ngqo ukuba ingaba ngumhlaza kwaye uluhlobo luni.
• Uvavanyo lwemfuza lunokwenziwa ukujonga utshintsho lwemfuza.

Ithini inqanaba lomhlaza weMucosal Melanoma?

Oogqirha basebenzisa iinkqubo zokulinganisa umhlaza ukucwangcisa unyango kunye nokufumanisa isiphumo esilindelekileyo, okanye isiphumo esilindelekileyo. Ngokubanzi, i-mucosal melanoma yesigaba sokuqala yimeko apho umhlaza ungasasazekanga ngaphaya kwendawo oqale kuyo.

Nangona kunjalo, oku kuyinkimbinkimbi kancinci. Kuba uhlobo ngalunye lwe-mucosal melanoma (umz., umlomo, impumlo, i-rectum) lunenkqubo yalo yokulinganisa, kwaye iinkcukacha zahlukile kakhulu. Ukulinganisa umhlaza kunokuba nzima ukukuqonda. Ukuba awuqinisekanga ngento ethethwa ngugqirha wakho, okanye ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo, qiniseka ukuba ubuza ugqirha wakho ngolwazi oluthe kratya .

Iphathwa njani le nto?

Ngenxa yokuba i-mucosal melanoma sisifo esintsonkothileyo, unyango ludla ngokulawulwa liqela loogqirha abahlukeneyo abavela kwiingcali ezahlukeneyo . Eli qela linokubandakanya iingcali zotyando lwe-oncology, iingcali ze-radiation oncology, kunye neengcali ze-oncology zonyango. Iindlela zonyango ziquka:

• Ukususwa kweethumba ezinomhlaza kunye nezicubu ezingqongileyo ngotyando . Uhlobo lotyando luxhomekeke kakhulu kwindawo ekuyo ithumba. Ezinye iithumba kunzima kakhulu ukuzisusa ngotyando.
• Unyango lwemitha lunikezelwa njengonyango oluncedisayo emva kotyando ukuze kutshatyalaliswe naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo.

Abaphandi bezonyango okwangoku benza uvavanyo lweklinikhi lwe-immunotherapy yomhlaza kunye nonyango olujoliswe kumhlaza . Uvavanyo lweklinikhi zizifundo ezivavanya ukuba unyango olutsha lukhuselekile kwaye luyasebenza na. Ukuba une-mucosal melanoma, unokufaneleka kwenye yezi zilingo zeklinikhi.Kufanelekile ukubuza ugqirha wakho.

Yintoni onokuyilindela xa uphila nale meko?

I-Mucosal melanoma sisifo esinokubeka ubomi esichengeni . Oogqirha basebenzisa utyando kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango ukususa amaqhuma anomhlaza kunye nokubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, i-mucosal melanomas inokuthi ibuye kwakhona . Ukuba une-mucosal melanoma, unokufuna utyando olongezelelweyo okanye olunye unyango.

Ithini ingxelo yokubikezela ukuba esi sifo siza kuqala?

Xa kufikwa kumathuba okuchacha okanye okusinda, ayahluka kumntu nomntu. Nangona kunjalo, ngokubanzi, izifundo zibonisa ukuba izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kwi-mucosal melanoma limalunga ne-25% . Oku kunokubonakala kuphantsi, kodwa ngumndilili.

La mazinga okusinda ayahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-mucosal melanoma:

• Intloko nentamo: Ngokubanzi, izifundo zibonisa ukuba bangaphantsi kwama-30% abantu abaphilayo emva kweminyaka emihlanu emva kokuba bexilongiwe. (Amanani okusinda aqala kwi-14% ukuya kwi-48%).
• Isisu kunye ne-vulva: Malunga nama-36% abantu abanale meko baphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu bexilongiwe.
• Umhlaza wamathumbu nomhlaza wempundu: Malunga nama-20% abantu abanale meko bayaphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu bexilongiwe.

Musa ukothuka zezi zibalo. Ezi ziingqikelelo nje ezisekelwe kumava eqela labantu abanemeko ethile. Oko kuyinyaniso kubo kusenokungabi yinyani kuwe. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nala manqanaba okusinda, cela ugqirha wakho akuchazele into onokuyilindela ngokusekelwe kwimeko yakho.

Ndingayinyamekela njani impilo yam?

I-Mucosal melanoma sisifo esisongela ubomi esinokuphinda sibuye nasemva konyango. Ukuba unesifo esiphindaphindayo, ungathanda ukucinga ngonyango oluthomalalisa iintlungu ukuze uncede ukulawula iimpawu kunye nemiphumo emibi yonyango. Unyango oluthomalalisa iintlungu lunyango olujolise ekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi besigulana kunye nokunciphisa iintlungu, endaweni yokunyanga isifo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Nangona kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-mucosal melanoma, zonke iintlobo zihlala zibuya emva konyango. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, ugqirha wakho uya kucwangcisa ukuvavanywa rhoqo ukuze ajonge impilo yakho iyonke aze ajonge ukuba ingaba iphinda ivele na. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuya kwezi ntlanganiso ngaphandle kokuphosa.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Nantsi eminye imibuzo onokuyibuza ugqirha wakho:

• Luhlobo luni lwe-mucosal melanoma endinayo?
• Ithini inqanaba lesifo sam?
• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango endinazo?
• Luza kundichaphazela njani unyango? (Izinto ezifana neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga)
• Ithini ingxelo yokugula kwam?

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Kulungile, ngoko ke ngokwezinto esizithethileyo, ndiyathemba ukuba unalo ulwazi malunga neMucosal Melanoma. Khumbula:

• Olu luhlobo olungaqhelekanga lomhlaza olukhula kwiinwebu ezingaphakathi emizimbeni yethu.
• Iimpawu zingaphoswa lula kwaye zinokufana nezinye izifo eziqhelekileyo. Ngoko ke, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ukuba uneempawu ezingaqhelekanga nezihlala zihleli emlonyeni, empumlweni, emqolo, okanye kwilungu lobufazi.
• Idla ngokuba sele isasazekile kwanangaphambi kokuba ifunyanwe.
• Unyango lufuna uncedo lweqela lezonyango eliyingcali .
• Kubalulekile ukujonga imeko yezonyango ixesha elide, njengoko esi sifo sinokuphinda sibuye .

Siyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luluncedo kuwe. Ukuqaphela olu hlobo lwesifo kuya kukunceda ukuba uthathe amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza ukuba kuyimfuneko. Soloko unyamekela impilo yakho!

I- Mucosal Melanoma, Umhlaza, I-Melanoma, Umhlaza we-Mucosal, Iimpawu zoMhlaza, Unyango loMhlaza, Umhlaza ongaqhelekanga