Masifunde nge-biopsy yemisipha. Ngaba nawe ungayidinga le nto?

Ngaba wakha weva nge-'Muscle Biopsy'? Mhlawumbi wena okanye umntu omaziyo uxelelwe ngugqirha ukuba enze oku. Yintoni kanye kanye? Kutheni kwenziwa njalo? Masithethe ngayo ngokulula, ukuze uqonde. Akukho mfuneko yokoyika, idla ngokwenziwa ukunceda ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ingxaki yakho.

Yintoni i-biopsy yemisipha?

Ngamafutshane, i-biopsy yemisipha yinkqubo apho kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicubu kwisihlunu sakho, oko kukuthi, kwisihlunu emzimbeni wakho, size sihlolwe. Oku kwenzelwa ukufumanisa ukuba unayo na izifo ezithile (`i-myopathies`) ezichaphazela izihlunu zakho. Ugqirha uthumela isampuli yesihlunu kwilebhu. Apho, bayijonga phantsi kwe-microscope ukubona ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki okanye iingxaki. Kufana nokusika ilaphu uze ujonge ukuba imisonto ilungile na okanye ayilunganga.

Ndingayidinga nini i-biopsy yemisipha?

Khawuthelekelele ukuba ubuziva ubuthathaka kwimisipha yakho okwethutyana, okanye imisipha yakho iyaqaqamba, ibuhlungu, okanye unezinye iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga (iimpawu ze-'myopathy'). Emva koko ugqirha angakuxelela ukuba kufuneka wenze le biopsy. Kodwa abayi kukwenza oko kwangoko.

Oogqirha badla ngokwenza ezinye iimvavanyo ezimbalwa kuqala:

• Uvavanyo lomzimba nolwemithambo-luvo : Uza kuhlolwa kakuhle ukuze kubonwe ukuba inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo isebenza njani.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi : Umzekelo, uvavanyo olujonga i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuba yi-creatine kinase, okanye uvavanyo lwe-genetic lungenziwa.
• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso : Izinto ezifana ne-MRI scans kunye ne-CT scans.
• Izifundo zokuqhuba imithambo-luvo kunye ne-electromyography (EMG) : Ezi zijonga indlela imiyalezo ehamba ngayo phakathi kwemithambo-luvo kunye nezihlunu zakho, kunye nendlela ezisebenza ngayo.

Nangona kunjalo ngezi mvavanyo, ngamanye amaxesha unobangela wesifo awunakumiselwa. Kulapho oogqirha bayalela khona i-biopsy yemisipha ukuze bafumane ulwazi oluthe kratya baze bafumanise ngokuqinisekileyo isifo .

Ungadinga i-biopsy yemisipha ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba unenye yezi meko zilandelayo:

• I-Muscular dystrophy : Imizekelo ibandakanya i-Duchenne muscular dystrophy, i-Becker muscular dystrophy, kunye ne-myotonic dystrophy.
• Izifo ezibangelwa ziincukuthu : Izifo ezifana ne-trichinosis kunye ne-toxoplasmosis ezichaphazela izihlunu zakho.
• Iimeko zemisipha ezivuthayo: ezifana ne-polymyositis kunye ne-dermatomyositis.
• I-Metabolic myopathies : Umzekelo, isifo sePompe kunye nezinye izifo zokugcina i-glycogen.
• Ii-myopathies zokuzalwa : Iimeko ezikhoyo ekuzalweni, ezifana ne-nemaline myopathy.
• Iingxaki ze-myopathies : Iimeko ezinokubakho ngokusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwamayeza athile, umzekelo ii-steroids okanye ii-statins.

Zeziphi izihlunu ezidla ngokukhethwa ukuze kwenziwe i-biopsy?

Olu vavanyo lwe-biopsy ludla ngokuthathwa kwenye yezihlunu ezithile emzimbeni wakho. Ezona zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• Imisipha ye-Quadriceps : Iqela elikhulu lemisipha elingaphambili kwethanga lakho.
• I-Deltoid : Umsipha odibanisa umphambili, icala, kunye nomva wegxala lakho.
• I-Bicep : Umsipha ongaphambili wengalo yakho engasentla, phakathi kwegxalaba kunye nengqiniba.

Ugqirha uya kufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba umsipha okhethiweyo kwi-biopsy awubuthathaka kakhulu okanye unezinye iimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha uya kufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba umsipha awubuthathaka kakhulu, awukafakwa inaliti kutshanje, okanye wonzakele. Oku kunokuchaphazela iziphumo ze-biopsy kwaye kusenokungaboneleli ngolwazi oluchanekileyo.

Ndingayilungiselela njani i-biopsy yemisipha?

Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela ngokweenkcukacha nge-biopsy aze akunike imiyalelo yendlela yokulungiselela. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela le miyalelo ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuba kukho into ongayiqondiyo okanye unemibuzo, ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha wakho.

Ngokubanzi, kufuneka uqaphele ngezi zinto:

• Ukuba ukhe wajova izihlunu, wavavanywa izihlunu njenge-EMG, okanye wenzakele kwizihlunu zakho kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho.
• Ugqirha wakho angakuxelela ukuba uyeke ukusebenzisa amayeza okunciphisa igazi anjenge-aspirin kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe i-biopsy ukuthintela iingxaki zokopha. Kodwa, kungcono ukuba ungayeki ukusebenzisa amayeza de ugqirha wakho akuxelele ukuba uyeke.
• Ungacelwa ukuba uzile ukutya iiyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba wenze i-biopsy, ngaphandle kokutya okanye ukusela nantoni na (ngaphandle kwamanzi).
• Ukuba unikwa i-sedation okanye i-anesthesia jikelele ngexesha lenkqubo, kuya kufuneka umntu akuse ekhaya emva kovavanyo lwe-biopsy.

Ithini inkqubo ye-biopsy yemisipha?

Amanyathelo okwenziwa kwe-biopsy yemisipha ayahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela esetyenzisiweyo. Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili: i-biopsy "evulekileyo" kunye ne-biopsy "yenaliti". Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela, wena (okanye umntwana wakho) ninokunikwa i-"sedation" okanye i-"general anesthesia" kwangaphambili.

Indlela yokwenza i-biopsy yemisipha evulekileyo

Amanyathelo e-biopsy yemisipha evulekileyo adla ngokuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ugqirha uqala ngokucoca kakuhle indawo etyumkileyo ngesisombululo sokubulala iintsholongwane.
• Emva koko, kufakwa i-anesthetic yendawo kuloo ndawo, ukuze ungaziva ntlungu xa kusenziwa i-incision.
• Okulandelayo, kuya kwenziwa ukusika okumalunga neesentimitha ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 ubude eluswini lwakho.
• Ugqirha uza kwahlula ulusu lwakho, umaleko wamafutha phantsi kolusu (amafutha angaphantsi kolusu), kunye ne-membrane egubungela izihlunu (i-muscle fascia - i-connective tissue), aze emva koko aye kwi-muscle engaphantsi.
• Ukusuka apho, kunqunyulwa isampuli encinci yezicubu zemisipha.
• Emva koko ugqirha uvala inwebu yemisipha kunye nolusu kwakhona nge-sutures.
• Inxeba ligqunywe ngamayeza, iibhandeji kunye negauze.

Indlela yokwenza i-biopsy yemisipha yenaliti

Amanyathelo e-biopsy yemisipha yenaliti adla ngokuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ugqirha uqala ngokucoca indawo apho i-biopsy iza kwenziwa khona ngesisombululo se-antiseptic.
• Emva koko bafaka inaliti ye-anesthetic yendawo, ukuze ungabi nantlungu ngexesha le-biopsy.
• Ugqirha uza kwenza umngxuma omncinci kakhulu eluswini lwakho.
• Okulandelayo, kufakwa isixhobo esikhethekileyo sokuvavanya inaliti ngenxeba elincinci. Oku kudla ngokuba malunga nobukhulu bepensile.
• Umatshini we-ultrasound (umfanekiso we-ultrasound) usetyenziselwa ukukhokela esi sixhobo ngqo kwimisipha.
• Emva koko ugqirha usebenzisa isixhobo ukusika iziqwenga ezincinci zezicubu zemisipha. Ngokwesiqhelo, kuthathwa iisampulu ezimalunga ne-3 okanye ezi-4.
• Emva kokususa isixa esifunekayo sethishu, isixhobo siyasuswa, uxinzelelo lufakwa kwindawo okwethutyana ukuze kumiswe ukopha, amayeza afakwa enxebeni, kwaye i-gauze kunye neebhandishi ziyagqunywa.

Ibuhlungu kangakanani le nto?

Ukuba le biopsy yenziwe phantsi kwe-anesthesia eqhelekileyo, awuyi kuva ntlungu. Ukuba uyenziwe phantsi kwe-anesthesia yendawo, intlungu iya kuba ncinci, okanye ingabikho. Nangona kunjalo, usenokuziva ucinezelekile okanye utsalwa kancinci.

Emva kovavanyo lwe-biopsy, ungaziva iintlungu ezincinci kwindawo yovavanyo lwe-biopsy kangangeentsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu. Ingakumbi ukuba ubune-biopsy evulekileyo, indawo isenokuba buhlungu kangangeveki. Kusenokuba kukho nemikrwelo ethile ejikeleze indawo.

Kungcono ukubuza ugqirha wakho malunga noko kunokwenziwa ngenxa yentlungu kunye nohlobo lwamayeza omele uwasebenzise.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kwe-biopsy?

Ukuba unikwe i-sedation okanye i-anesthesia jikelele, uza kuthathwa uye kwigumbi lokuchacha ixesha elifutshane emva kokwenziwa kwe-biopsy. Uza kuhlala apho de imiphumo yamayeza iphele. Emva koko ungaya ekhaya, kodwa kufuneka omnye umntu akuqhubele ekhaya. Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika imiyalelo yendlela yokunyamekela inxeba le-biopsy.

Ugqirha usebenzisa iikhemikhali ezikhethekileyo ukukhenkcisa ngokukhawuleza isampuli yemisipha ethathwe kwi-biopsy (`flash freeze`). Oku kwenziwa ukuze kugcinwe izicubu ziqinile kwaye zilungele ukuvavanywa. Emva koko zithunyelwa kwilebhu. Kukho 'ingcali yezifo zengqondo egxile kwizifo ze-neuromuscular'. Uza kuyihlola ngononophelo isampuli phantsi kwe-microscope. Ngamanye amaxesha ingcali iya kwenza ezinye iimvavanyo kwisampuli. Umzekelo, baya kusebenzisa iidayi ezikhethekileyo (`amabala`) okanye bajonge 'ii-antibodies' ezithile.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi kwi-biopsy yemisipha?

Iingxaki ezivela kwi-biopsy yemisipha aziqhelekanga kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezinokwenzeka kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga:

• Usulelo lwenxeba.
• Ukuvela kwemisipha enxebeni (`i-muscle hernia`).
• Ukuvulwa kwakhona kwenxeba emva kokuba izithungo zikhululekile.
• Ukwenzakala ngengozi kukwenzakala ngengozi kwizihlunu zakho, kwimithambo-luvo, okanye kwimithambo yegazi.

Inxeba lisenokuhlala kwindawo apho kwenziwa khona i-biopsy. Amanxeba esikhumba sabanye abantu alula ngakumbi kunabanye.

Ndiza kuyifumana nini ingxelo?

Emva kovavanyo lwe-biopsy, ukulinda iziphumo mhlawumbi yeyona nto inzima. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela indlela kunye nexesha oza kuyifumana ngalo ingxelo. Ingathatha iintsuku ezimbalwa, okanye ingathatha ngaphezu kweveki. Ukuba ingxelo ayibuyi ngomhla oxelwe ngugqirha wakho, tsalela umnxeba ugqirha wakho kwakhona ubuze ngayo.

Ingxelo ithini ngayo?

Ingxelo ye-biopsy yemisipha ineenkcukacha malunga neempawu zesampuli yemisipha ethathiweyo. Oku kungabandakanya izinto ezinje:

• Izinto ezifana nokwakheka kweefayibha zemisipha (oko kukuthi iiseli zemisipha), ukuba ziphilile kangakanani, kunye "nobudala" bazo.
• Iinkcukacha malunga nezinye iiseli ezikweso zicubu, umzekelo, iiseli zemithambo-luvo (ii-neurons).
• Izinto ezifana nokudumba, ukungaqheleki kwe-mitochondrial, ukungaqheleki kwe-glycogen kunye nokugcinwa kwamafutha emzimbeni.

Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela ukuba yintoni ekweli ngxelo kwaye ithetha ukuthini.

Ngamanye amaxesha, i-biopsy ingabonakala iqhelekile, okanye kunokubakho iimpawu ezincinci kakhulu zesifo. Kwimeko enjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-"unspecified myopathy." Oku kungenxa yokuba i-biopsy isenokungafumani ndawo ichanekileyo yesifo, okanye isifo sisenokuba sisaqala. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, kusenokufuneka wenze enye i-biopsy yemisipha.

Ukuba kukho ingxaki ngengxelo, yintoni oyenzayo emva koko?

Iziphumo ze-biopsy yemisipha zihlala zinokuchonga isifo esithile semisipha (`myopathy`).

Ukuba ufunyaniswe unemeko ethile, ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela aze axoxe ngento ekufuneka uyenze ngokulandelayo. Kunye, niza kuyila isicwangciso sonyango esisebenza kakuhle kuwe. Ungakhathazeki, ugqirha wakho uza kukunceda.

Kufuneka uthethe nini nogqirha?

Ukuba ubona enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo zokuba indawo yakho ye-biopsy inentsholongwane, kufuneka ufowunele ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko:

• Ukudumba okujikeleze inxeba, ukuba bomvu, okanye ukutshintsha kombala wolusu kuyinto eqhelekileyo.
• Ulusu olujikeleze inxeba luvakala lushushu kunezinye iindawo.
• Ubomvu okanye olunye ulwelo oluvela enxebeni (`Ubomvu okanye ukukhupha amanzi`).
• Ukuba nomkhuhlane.
• Ukuziva udiniwe kakhulu (`Ukudinwa`).

Ngaba i-biopsy yemisipha ingaxilonga i-MS (Multiple Sclerosis)?

I-biopsy yemisipha ayisoloko isetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukufunyaniswa kwe-MS (Multiple Sclerosis). Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha unokucebisa le biopsy ukuze asuse ezinye iimeko ezineempawu ezifanayo neze-MS.

Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika kwaye uxhalabile xa ufumanisa ukuba udinga i-biopsy yemisipha. Kwaye kuqhelekile ukuziva uxhalabile ngelixa ulinde iziphumo. Ugqirha wakho uya kuzazi zonke iziphumo ezinokubakho zale biopsy, ngoko ungoyiki ukubuza nayiphi na imibuzo onokuba nayo. Ukuba ingxelo yakho ye biopsy ibonisa ukuba kukho into engalunganga, zama ukuyicinga njengenyathelo lokuqala kuhambo lwakho lokuchacha. Ugqirha wakho uya kusebenza nawe ukwenza izigqibo ezibalulekileyo malunga nempilo yakho.

Yeyiphi eyona nto ibalulekileyo esifanele siyithathele ekhaya kweli bali?

Kulungile, ngoko ke eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kwinto esithethe ngayo kukuba i-muscle biopsy luvavanyo olubaluleke kakhulu olunceda ekuchongeni ngokuchanekileyo ingxaki okanye isifo kwimisipha yakho.

Oku kungabonakala kuyoyikisa kancinci kuwe. Kodwa kunokukunceda ufumane uxilongo oluchanekileyo kwaye uqale unyango olufanelekileyo kuwe. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo, qiniseka ukuba uzixoxa nogqirha wakho. Khumbula, eli linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuqondeni imeko yakho kunye nokuyilawula ngokufanelekileyo.

I- Muscle Biopsy, i-Muscle Biopsy, i-myopathy, ubuthathaka bemisipha, isifo semisipha, ukuxilongwa, iimvavanyo zonyango, utyando