Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba kwenzeka njani ngokukhawuleza kangaka xa ufuna ukuhambisa isandla sakho? Okanye sitsala njani isandla sethu emva kokuchukumisa into eshushu? Konke oku kwenzeka ngenxa yemiyalezo yombane ekhawulezayo kakhulu ehamba ukusuka kwingqondo yethu ukuya kwamanye amalungu omzimba wethu, kwaye ukusuka kwiindawo zomzimba wethu ukuya kwingqondo yethu. Ngoko ke, iiseli zethu zemithambo-luvo zinesigqubuthelo esikhethekileyo 'esikhuselayo' esizijikelezileyo esinceda ukuba le miyalezo ihambe ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngaphandle kweengxaki. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yiMyelin Sheath . Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale sheath imangalisayo ye-myelin.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni le sheath ye-myelin?
Khawucinge ukuba umbane endlwini yethu yintambo enye. Loo ntambo inesigqubuthelo seplastiki esijikelezileyo. Kutheni kunjalo? Enye kukuba ikhusela intambo. Enye kukuba inceda umbane ukuba uhambe ngokukhawuleza uye apho kufuneka uye khona, ngaphandle kokuvuza kwezinye iindawo.
Kunjalo nange-myelin sheath. Le yingubo ekhethekileyo eyenziwe ngee-lipids kunye neeproteni . Le myelin sheath ijikelezwe yinxalenye ende yee-neurons zethu, 'ucingo' oluphambili oluthwala imiyalezo. Oku akukhuseli nje kuphela iseli yemithambo-luvo, kodwa kunceda nemiqondiso yombane ukuba ihambe ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo.
Masiqale siqonde kancinci malunga namalungu eseli yemithambo-luvo.
Ukuze sikuqonde oku, makhe sithelekise i-neuron nomthi omncinci. Emva koko unokukhumbula oku ngokulula.
1. Umzimba weseli (iSoma): Oku kufana nenkqubo yengcambu yomthi. Kanye njengokuba iingcambu zomthi zifunxa izondlo emhlabeni, iidendrites , eziyinxalenye efana neengcambu zomzimba weseli, 'zifunxa' imiyalezo yeekhemikhali evela kwezinye iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezikufutshane. Le miyalezo yeekhemikhali emva koko iguqulwa ibe ziimpawu zombane. I-nucleus yeseli ikwakho kule nxalenye.
2. I-Axon: Le yinxalenye ende ebonakala njengesiqu somthi. Kanye njengokuba izondlo ezivela kwiingcambu zomthi zihamba zinyuka esiqwini, imiqondiso yombane eveliswa emzimbeni weseli ihamba kule axon.
3. Isiphelo se-Axon: Oku kufana namahlumela aseziphelweni zamasebe omthi. Njengamagqabi neentyatyambo eziphuma kuloo mahlumela, isiphelo se-axon 'sikhupha' loo mqondiso wombane kwiseli yemithambo-luvo elandelayo.
Le yindlela imiyalezo etsiba ngayo ukusuka kwenye iseli yemithambo-luvo ukuya kwenye. Kufana nomdyarho wokudluliselwa kwemiyalezo. Le yindlela imiyalezo ehamba ngayo isuka kwingqondo yethu nakwithambo lomqolo kuyo yonke imizimba yethu. Izihlunu ezingalweni zakho ziyancitshiswa, uyaphefumla, intliziyo yakho ibetha, konke oku kulawulwa yile nkqubo imangalisayo yonxibelelwano.
Zithini imisebenzi ephambili ye-myelin sheath?
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, i-myelin sheath inemisebenzi emithathu ephambili.
- Ukubonelela ngokhuseleko: njengombaneNjengeplastiki ejikeleze ucingo, olu gquma lwamafutha kunye neeproteni lukhusela kakuhle i-axon yeseli yemithambo-luvo.
- Ukukhawulezisa: Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. I-myelin sheath ivumela imiqondiso yombane ukuba ihambe ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo ukusuka kwiseli yemithambo-luvo ukuya kwenye.
- Ukugcina amandla esignali: Njengoko isignali yombane ihamba kwi-axon, inokuba buthathaka. Nangona kunjalo, i-myelin sheath inceda ukugcina amandla esignali ngaphandle kokuyinciphisa .
Ngamafutshane, ngaphandle kwe-myelin sheath, ukunxibelelana kwemiyalezo emizimbeni yethu bekuya kuba kucotha kakhulu kwaye kungasebenzi kakuhle. Bekuya kufana nokuzama ukuhamba ukusuka eColombo ukuya eMatara ngeendlela zasezilalini ezingenayo indlela enkulu.
Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba i-myelin sheath yonakele?
Kukho malunga neeseli zemithambo-luvo ezili-100 ezigidi emzimbeni wethu ezihlala zidubula. Zonke izenzo zethu zilawulwa lolu tshintshiselwano lwemiyalezo. Ngoko khawucinge ukuba bekuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba i-myelin sheath ejikeleze ezi seli zemithambo-luvo yonakele. Emva koko ezo zimpawu zombane ezikhawulezayo ziya kuqala ukuhamba kancinci, okanye ziyeke ngokupheleleyo .
Eyona sizathu salo monakalo kukuba inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba icinga ngempazamo ukuba i-myelin sheath yinto eyingozi emzimbeni ngaphandle. Emva koko, iiseli zethu zokuzikhusela komzimba ziqala ukuhlasela i-myelin sheath. Olu hlaselo lutshabalalisa i-myelin. Le nkqubo siyibiza ngokuba yi-demyelination . Ekuhambeni kwexesha, neeseli ezenza i-myelin ziyatshatyalaliswa. Ngale ndlela, siphuhlisa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwindawo apho i-myelin sheath yonakele khona.
Zeziphi izifo ezonakalisa i-myelin sheath?
Kukho izifo ezininzi ezonakalisa i-myelin sheath. Usenokuba ukhe weva ngezinye zazo. Masizahlule ezi zifo zibe ziindidi ezimbini: ezo zichaphazela inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo ephakathi (CNS), eyingqondo kunye nomqolo, kunye nezo zichaphazela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ejikeleze umzimba (PNS), eyiminye imithambo-luvo yomzimba.
| Izifo ezonakalisa i-myelin kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi (CNS) | |
|---|---|
| Igama leSifo | Ingcaciso elula |
| I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS) | Esi sesona sifo sixhaphakileyo nesiyaziwayo kwizifo ezonakalisa i-myelin. Sihlasela i-myelin engqondweni nasemgogodleni. |
| I-encephalomyelitis esasazekileyo ngokukhawuleza | Le yimpendulo ye-immune ekhawulezileyo neqatha eyenzeka kwinkqubo ye-nervous ephakathi. Le yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu. |
| I-myelitis eguqukayo | Esi sisifo sokuzikhusela komzimba esibangela ukudumba kwintambo yomqolo. |
| I-Neuromyelitis optica | Apha, ii-antibodies zihlasela umthambo we-optic kunye nomthambo womqolo. |
| Izifo ezonakalisa i-myelin kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo ejikeleze umzimba (i-PNS) | |
|---|---|
| Igama leSifo | Ingcaciso elula |
| Isifo sikaGuillain-Barre | Imeko edla ngokuvela emva kokosuleleka. Kunqabile kakhulu, inokwenzeka nasemva kokugonywa. |
| I-Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) | Esi sisifo esikhula kancinci kancinci sokuzikhusela komzimba esihlasela i-myelin. |
| Isifo samazinyo sikaCharcot Marie | Esi sisifo esidluliselwa kwilifa, oko kukuthi isifo semithambo-luvo esivela kwiijini. |
| Ukunqongophala kwekopolo | Ukunqongophala kwamanqanaba eeminerali zobhedu emzimbeni kunokonakalisa kwaye kunciphise umsebenzi wokukhusela we-myelin. |
Ngaba i-myelin ingonakala ngezinye izizathu?
Ewe. Ukongeza kwizifo ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, i-myelin sheath inokonakala ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi.
- Istroke: Ibangelwa kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwegazi ukuya engqondweni.
- Iintsholongwane kunye neengxaki zemetabolism: Ngenxa yezinye izifo kunye neengxaki zeenkqubo zeekhemikhali emzimbeni.
- Iityhefu: Ukungenisa iityhefu ezithile.
- Ukunqongophala kweVitamin B12: Le vithamini ibalulekile ekuvelisweni kwe-myelin.
- Ezinye iintlobo zamayeza: Umzekelo, amayeza afana ne-ethambutol.
- Ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo: Ukusetyenziswa kotywala ixesha elide kuyingozi nakwi-myelin.
Ukongeza, kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga kakhulu, ezizuzwa njengesifo seTay-Sachs, i-myelin sheath isenokungakheki kakuhle.
Ngaba umonakalo kwi-myelin ungabuyiselwa?
Lo ngumbuzo obaluleke kakhulu kuye wonke umntu. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba, ewe, kunokwenzeka ukulungisa i-myelin eyonakeleyo . Olu lungiso lunokwenzeka kwiinkqubo zethu zemithambo-luvo eziphakathi kunye neze-peripheral.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo koku kukulawula izinto ezibangela ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-myelin. Umzekelo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunika amayeza anjengee-steroids ukulawula ukudumba okubangelwa ngumsebenzi wenkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba, nokusebenzisa ezinye iindlela zonyango ezilawula inkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba (unyango lokunciphisa umzimba/lokuguqula).
Oososayensi okwangoku benza uphando oluninzi malunga nendlela yokulungisa i-myelin eyonakeleyo. Nangona kungekho yeza livunyiweyo lokulungisa i-myelin, iziphumo zophando zibonisa ithemba elikhulu ngekamva.
- Olunye uphando lubonise ukuba iyeza le-allergy elithi ``clemastine`` linamandla okulungisa i-myelin.
- Kukwaqhutywa uphando malunga nokuba i-myelin inokuphinda ivuselelwe na kusetyenziswa ii-stem cells.
- Kukwaqhutywa uphando malunga namayeza akhusela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ekonakaleni okungakumbi.
Ngoko ke, olu phando lubonisa ukuba kukho ithuba elikhulu lonyango olungcono kwizigulana ezinomonakalo we-myelin kwixesha elizayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-myelin sheath sisigqubuthelo esikhuselayo esijikeleze iiseli zethu zemithambo-luvo esisebenza njengesigqubuthelo seplastiki kwintambo yombane.
- Yiyo loo nto imiyalezo yombane emzimbeni wethu ihamba ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo.
- I-myelin sheath inokonakala ngenxa yempazamo kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba okanye ngenxa yezinye izizathu. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-demyelination.
- Izifo ezinzulu ezifana neMultiple Sclerosis (MS) kunye neGuillain-Barre syndrome zibangelwa kukonakala kwe-myelin sheath.
- Ukuba uneempawu ezinxulumene nemithambo-luvo ezifana nokungaziva mnandi, ubuthathaka, okanye ubunzima bokuhamba, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuze akunike icebiso.
- Umzimba unamandla okulungisa i-myelin eyonakeleyo, kwaye izazinzulu ziqhubeka nophando ngonyango olutsha olunokunceda koku.
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