Ngaba iiseli zakho zegazi azenzeki kakuhle? Masifunde ngeMyelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)!

Ngaba uziva udiniwe kwaye udiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha? Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ufumana kunzima ukuphefumla nangona emva kokwenza umsebenzi omncinci? Okanye ngaba ubona imivumbo kunye nokopha yonke indawo emzimbeni wakho? Nangona ucinga ukuba ezi zizinto eziqhelekileyo, ngamanye amaxesha kunokubakho isizathu esibangela oku ekufuneka ukhathazeke kancinci ngaso. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesinye sezifo ezinjalo, esibizwa ngokuba yi-myelodysplastic syndrome.

Yintoni i-myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)?

Ngoku masibone ukuba yintoni le Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS). Abanye abantu bayibiza ngokuba yiMyelodysplasia. Kutshanje, ikwabizwa ngokuba yiMyelodysplastic Neoplasm. Ngamafutshane, luhlobo lomhlaza . Kodwa okwenzekayo koku kukuba iiseli ezisisiseko ezenza igazi emzimbeni wethu - esizibiza ngokuba ziiseli ze-hematopoietic stem - azikhuli kakuhle, oko kukuthi, azikhuli kakuhle. Ezi seli zikwithambo lethu. Ngoko ke ingxaki iqala xa ezi seli zisisiseko zingakhuli kakuhle kwaye zibe ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi eziphilileyo, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets.

Xa umzimba wakho ungenazo iiseli zegazi ezisempilweni ngokwaneleyo, unokuba neemeko ezinzulu ezifana ne-anemia. Unokufumana usulelo rhoqo kwaye wophe igazi rhoqo. Kwabanye abantu, i-MDS inokuba mandundu ize ibe ngumhlaza obizwa ngokuba yi -acute myeloid leukemia (AML) .

Le meko, ebizwa ngokuba yi-MDS, ayiqhelekanga . E-United States, ichaphazela abantu abamalunga nabane kubantu abayi-100,000 minyaka le. Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-MDS, oogqirha bakho baya kuzama ukucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo, balawule iimpawu zakho, baze banyange naziphi na iingxaki ezinokuvela.

Ziziphi iintlobo ze-MDS ezikhoyo?

Oogqirha bahlula le meko ye-MDS kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Bajonga iziphumo zovavanyo ezahlukeneyo. Makhe sijonge ukuba ezo vavanyo zijonge ntoni:

• Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu nezimhlophe ezisempilweni kunye nomlinganiselo weeplatelet: Xa iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi ziphantsi, sibiza ngokuba yi-anemia. Usenokuziva udiniwe kakhulu kwaye uphelelwa ngumphefumlo.
• Iiseli zegazi ezingavuthwanga, okanye ii-blasts: Ezi blasts zifana neeseli zegazi ezingavuthwanga. Zithatha indawo eninzi kakhulu kumongo wethambo, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuba iiseli zegazi eziphilileyo zivele. Ukuba awunazo iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe eziphilileyo, unokufumana usulelo rhoqo. Kwaye ukuba awunazo iiplatelets eziphilileyo ezaneleyo, kunokuba nzima ukuyeka ukopha.
• IiSideroblasts:Ezi ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezingavuthwanga. Okukhethekileyo ngazo kukuba endaweni yokusebenzisa isinyithi ukwenza i-hemoglobin, zigcina isinyithi. Uyazi, i-hemoglobin yiproteni enceda iiseli zethu ezibomvu zegazi zithwale ioksijini emzimbeni wonke. I-iron ibalulekile koku. Ngoko ke, ukuba iingcali zezifo zibona ezi sideroblasts, oko kuthetha ukuba i-hemoglobin yakho ayisebenzi kakuhle.
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwechromosome: Iichromosome ziindawo zeeseli zethu eziqulathe iigene. Iigene zenziwe yiDNA. Ukuba kukho ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezi chromosome, oko kuthetha ukuba kukho into echaphazele iDNA yakho yaza yabangela utshintsho kwiichromosomes kwiiseli zakho zegazi.

Ziziphi iimpawu ze-myelodysplastic syndrome?

Khumbula, ngamanye amaxesha usenokuba ne-MDS ngaphandle kokubonisa zimpawu. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, le meko ifunyanwa ngengozi ngexesha lovavanyo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo. Uphawu oluphambili abantu abaninzi abalufumanayo kukubalwa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi eziphantsi, okanye i-anemia. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu ze-anemia kunye nezinye iimpawu ze-MDS zinokufana nezo zezinye iimeko ezingabalulekanga kangako.

Ngoko ke, ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho olungezantsi, ingakumbi ukuba alupheli emva kweeveki ezimbalwa, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha.

• Ukuba uziva ngathi awukwazi ukuphefumla (sikubiza oku ngokuba yi-dyspnea).
• Ukuba uzive ubuthathaka okanye udiniwe kakhulu , kwaye ukudinwa akupheli nokuba sele uphumle ngokwaneleyo.
• Ukuba uqaphela ukuba ulusu lwakho lumhlophe kunesiqhelo. Mhlawumbi ukuba ulusu lwakho lumnyama, ugqirha uya kujonga ukuba akukho mbala ulahlekileyo ngaphakathi kweenkophe zakho ezisezantsi, emlonyeni wakho, nangaphakathi kwempumlo yakho.
• Ukuba ukrwempa okanye wopha ngokulula kunesiqhelo.
• Ukuba ubona amachaphaza amancinci abomvu eluswini lwakho, la asenokuba yi- petechiae, imithambo yegazi emincinci phantsi kolusu.
• Ukuba uhlala ufumana usulelo olubangelwa ngumkhuhlane .

Yintoni ebangela i-MDS?

Kubonakala ngathi kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokuphuhlisa i-MDS. Enye kukwenza imisebenzi ethile eyonyusa umngcipheko wokufumana esi sifo. Enye kukufumana izifo ezithile zemfuza.

Imisebenzi enokunxulunyaniswa ne-MDS

• Emva kokuba ndifumene unyango lwe-chemotherapy okanye i-radiation ngenxa yomhlaza endandinawo ngaphambili. Oogqirha babiza oku ngokuthi yi-MDS (tMDS) enxulumene nonyango. Ngokwesiqhelo, iimpawu ze-tMDS zibonakala emva kweminyaka emihlanu ukuya kwesixhenxe emva konyango.
• Ukuchatshazelwa zizinto ezithile ezibangela umhlaza, kuquka umsi wecuba, izibulali-zinambuzane, kunye nezinyibilikisi ezifana nebenzene.
• Ukuchanabeka kwiisinyithi ezinzima ezifana ne-mercury okanye i-lead.

Iimeko zelifa ezinokunxulunyaniswa ne-MDS

Phakathi kwe-4% kunye ne-15% yabantu abanale meko bafumene izifo zemfuza ezandisa umngcipheko wabo wokufumana esi sifo. Ezi meko ziquka:

• I-Fanconi anemia: Le yimeko engaqhelekanga yemfuza apho umongo wakho wethambo ungavelisi iiseli zegazi ezisempilweni ngokwaneleyo.
• I-Dyskeratosis congenita: Le yenye imeko engaqhelekanga yemfuza. Nalapha, umongo wakho wethambo awuvelisi iiseli zegazi ezisempilweni ngokwaneleyo.
• I-Diamond-Blackfan anemia: Esi sisifo segazi esingaqhelekanga apho umongo wakho wethambo ungavelisi iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo.

Ifunyanwa njani i-myelodysplastic syndrome?

Oogqirha balandela amanyathelo aliqela ukuze bafumanise le meko ye-MDS:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi olupheleleyo (i-CBC) kunye novavanyo lokwahluka: Kuthathwa isampulu yegazi kuwe kwaye iiseli zakho zegazi ezibomvu nezimhlophe ziyahlalutywa. Ikwabala inani lohlobo ngalunye lweeseli zegazi ezimhlophe.
• I-smear yegazi engaphandle: Oku kujonga utshintsho kubungakanani, uhlobo, imo, kunye nobukhulu beeseli zegazi kwisampuli yakho yegazi, kunye nokuba iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi zine-iron eninzi na.
• Uhlalutyo lwe-cytogenetic: Ingcali yezonyango ijonga isampuli yegazi phantsi kwe-microscope ukuze ibone ukuba kukho naluphi na utshintsho kwii-chromosomes zeeseli zakho zegazi.
• I-Bone Marrow Biopsy: Ukuze enze olu vavanyo, ugqirha ufaka inaliti engenanto kwithambo lakho lesinqe, athathe isampuli yomongo wethambo, igazi, kunye nethambo, aze ayihlole phantsi kwe-microscope.

Zithini izigaba ze-myelodysplastic syndrome?

Oogqirha bahlula le meko ibe ngamanqanaba ngokusekwe kumngcipheko wokuba isifo sikhule sibe yi-acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Basebenzisa inkqubo yokubeka amanqaku omngcipheko ebizwa ngokuba yi-International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) . Nazi ezinye izinto oogqirha abaziqwalaselayo:

• Nokuba uneempawu ze-anemia, ukopha, okanye usulelo.
• Usengozini yokuba ne-leukemia.
• Utshintsho oluthile kwii-chromosomes zakho.
• Nokuba ufumene i-MDS emva kokufumana i-chemotherapy okanye unyango lwe-radiation lomhlaza.
• Ubudala bakho kunye nempilo yakho ngokubanzi.

Inyangwa njani i-myelodysplastic syndrome?

Oogqirha baqwalasela izinto ezininzi xa becwangcisa unyango lwe-MDS:

• Uhlobo lwe-MDS onayo.
• Nokuba uneemeko ezifana ne-anemia, ukopha, okanye usulelo olubangelwa yi-MDS.
• Nokuba ufumene i-MDS emva kokufumana i-chemotherapy okanye unyango lwe-radiation lomhlaza.
• iminyaka yakho.
• Impilo yakho ngokubanzi.

Unyango lwe-myelodysplastic syndrome lungabandakanya ukhathalelo oluxhasayo kunye nonyango olutshabalalisa iiseli zegazi ezingaphili kakuhle .

Inkathalo Exhasayo

Oku kungabandakanya:

• Utofelo-gazi okanye ukunikela ngegazi: Ukuba une-anemia, ungatofelwa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ukuba uneengxaki zokopha, ungatofelwa iiplatelet.
• Ii-Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA): Olu nyango lonyusa izinga leeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi ezivuthiweyo.
• Ii-antibiotics: I-MDS inokuchaphazela iiseli zakho ezimhlophe zegazi, inyuse umngcipheko wakho wokufumana usulelo. Ke ngoko, ii-antibiotics zinokunikwa.

Unyango lokususa iiseli zegazi ezingaphili kakuhle

Oku kungabandakanya:

• Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Iindidi ezifanayo zekhemotherapy ezisetyenziselwa i-acute myeloid leukemia (AML) zinokusetyenziswa koku.
• Unyango olucinezela amasosha omzimba: Olu nyango lusetyenziselwa ezinye iintlobo ze-MDS. Olu nyango luthintela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela esebenza kakhulu kwaye lunokunceda ekunciphiseni isidingo sotofelo-gazi.
• Ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem: Oku kuquka ukutshintsha iiseli zakho ezenza igazi ngeeseli ze-stem, nokuba zivela kuwe okanye kumntu onikelayo. Ezi seli ze-stem zithathwa kwigazi lakho okanye kumongo wakho wethambo. Ezi seli zigcinwa kwifriji ngelixa ufumana i-chemotherapy, emva koko zinyibilikiswe zize zibuyiselwe emzimbeni wakho ngokufakwa kwi-intravenous infusion. Ezi seli ziyavunyelwa ukuba zikhule emzimbeni wakho kwaye zenze iiseli zegazi ezintsha.

Ngalunye lwezi ndlela zonyango lunokuba nemiphumo emibi eyahlukeneyo kunye neengxaki. Xa ucinga ngeendlela zonyango, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubuza ugqirha wakho ngemiphumo emibi kunye neengxaki zendlela nganye.

Abantu abane-myelodysplasia banokungenelwa kunyango lokudambisa iintlungu . Olu nyango lunokunceda ekulawuleni iimpawu ze-MDS kunye nemiphumo emibi yonyango. Kwaye okubalulekileyo, lunokunceda ekulawuleni uxinzelelo lokuphila nesifo esinganyangekiyo.

Ngaba isifo se-myelodysplastic singanyangeka?

Eyona ndlela ikuphela kwayo yokunyanga i-MDS ngokupheleleyo kukufakelwa i-stem cell ngempumelelo . Ngelishwa, ayinguye wonke umntu onokufumana olu nyango. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba olu hlobo lokufakelwa lukulungele na kwaye ukuba lukhetho omele uluqwalasele.

Ingakanani iminyaka yobomi bomntu one-myelodysplastic syndrome?

Isifo seMyelodysplastic yingxaki enkulu yempilo enokubangela iimeko ezisongela ubomi.Kwakhona, le yingxaki yezempilo enzima kakhulu, kwaye wonke umntu uchaphazeleka ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ugqirha wakho ngoyena mthombo ulungileyo wolwazi malunga nemeko yakho kunye noqikelelo lwesifo.

Ngaba i-myelodysplastic syndrome ingathintelwa?

Hayi, kodwa ukuqonda izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko kwi-MDS kunokunceda oogqirha ukuba baxilonge baze banyange i-MDS kwangethuba. I-Myelodysplastic syndrome inxulunyaniswa ne-chemotherapy kunye nonyango lwe-radiation, kunye nokuvezwa kwiikhemikhali ezithile kunye neesinyithi ezinzima. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngembali yakho yezonyango kunye naluphi na ukuvezwa okusondeleyo, okuhlala ixesha elide kwiikhemikhali kunye neesinyithi ezinzima. Banokukunceda uhlole umngcipheko wakho.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

I-MDS ichaphazela wonke umntu ngokwahlukileyo. Abanye abantu bane-MDS kodwa abanazo iimpawu. Ukuba kunjalo kuwe, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa uvavanyo lwegazi rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintathu ukujonga utshintsho kwiiseli zakho zegazi. Ukuba une-MDS kwaye ufumana unyango oluxhasayo, olufana notofelo-gazi, unokufuna unyango olongezelelweyo ukunciphisa ukuphindaphindwa kotofelo-gazi. Nazi ezinye iindlela onokuzithatha ukuxhasa unyango lwakho:

• Ukuba usebenzisa iimveliso zecuba (kuquka ukutshaya nokutshaya icuba), zama ukuyeka. Buza ugqirha wakho ngeenkqubo zokuyeka icuba.
• Zigcine uphilile.
• Fumana imisebenzi yomzimba oyithandayo kwaye uyenze rhoqo kangangoko.
• Khumbula ukuba i-MDS sisifo esingapheliyo, kwaye oogqirha banokuyinyanga kodwa abayi kuyinyanga. Ayingabo bonke abantu abaya kuqonda into ojamelene nayo. Ukuthetha nabanye abaye badlula kwizinto ezifanayo nawe onokunceda ngazo. Iqela lakho lezonyango linokukunceda ufumane iinkqubo kunye nezixhobo ezifana nezi.

Nangona i-MDS sisifo esingapheliyo, akuthethi ukuba kufuneka uphile ngaphandle kwethemba. Kukho unyango olunokunceda ukulawula imeko.

Ndingaya nini kwigumbi likaxakeka?

I-Myelodysplastic syndrome inokubangela i-anemia, iingxaki zokopha, kunye nosulelo. Ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka uye kwigumbi likaxakeka ukuba unayo:

• Ukuba unomkhuhlane ongama-38.3 degrees Celsius (100.4 degrees Fahrenheit) okanye ngaphezulu, umkhuhlane luphawu lokuba usenokuba unesifo.
• Ukuba wopha igazi ngendlela engalawulekiyo.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ngenxa yokuba i-myelodysplastic syndrome sisifo esingaqhelekanga, usenokuba nemibuzo emininzi ngayo. Nazi ezinye zemibuzo onokuzibuza ugqirha wakho:

• Ngaba i-MDS ngumhlaza?
• I-MDS indichaphazela njani?
• Ngaba i-MDS yam ingabangela iingxaki zempilo ezinzulu? Ukuba kunjalo, yeyiphi?
• Andinazo iimpawu. Ndingenza ntoni ukuze ndilibazise ukuphuhliswa kweemeko ezinxulumene ne-MDS?

Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuya Ekhaya

Ukuba une-myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), luhlobo lomhlaza oluyisifo esingapheliyo. Akukho sifo silula, kodwa ukuhlala nesifo esingapheliyo kuthetha ukujongana nempembelelo yeemvakalelo enokuba nayo. Kodwa ukuhlala ne-MDS akuthethi ukuba kufuneka ulahle ithemba. Kukho unyango olunokunceda ukulawula i-MDS. Ungafanelekela uvavanyo lweklinikhi olufuna unyango olutsha lwe-myelodysplastic syndrome. Kukwakho nezinto onokuzenzela zona. Buza ugqirha wakho malunga notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, njengokutya kakuhle nokuzilolonga. Ezi zinto zinokukunceda uhlale usempilweni kangangoko unako. Ungaze woyike, kwaye ungabi wedwa. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo yonke into, kwaye ufumane uncedo olufunayo.

Isifo seMyelodysplastic , iMDS, iMyelodysplasia, umhlaza wegazi, umongo wamathambo, i-anemia, iiseli zegazi