Ingaba intliziyo yakho isengozini? Masifunde ngokuqhekeka kwentliziyo?

Uhlaselo lwentliziyo luyingozi kakhulu, akunjalo? Ngamanye amaxesha, emva kohlaselo lwentliziyo, kunokuvela ingxaki enkulu ongayicingi nokuyicinga. Enye yeengxaki ezinjalo kukuqhekeka kwentliziyo, okanye njengoko oogqirha beyibiza ngokuba yi-"Myocardial Rupture". Eli libali elinzima kancinci, kodwa masithethe ngalo ngokulula. Oku kwenzeka ngexesha lohlaselo lwentliziyo okanye kwinyanga yokuqala emva kohlaselo lwentliziyo. Uninzi lwexesha, oku kwenzeka kwiintsuku ezintlanu ukuya kwezilishumi emva kohlaselo lwentliziyo.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo?

Ngoku, olu hlaselo lwentliziyo aluyonto eyenzeka kuye wonke umntu. Kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu. Ngokuchanekileyo, le meko ifunyanwa kuphela ngumntu oye wenzakala kakhulu entliziyweni yakhe ngenxa yohlaselo lwentliziyo. Khumbula aba bantu:

• Kwabasetyhini: Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba abafazi basengozini enkulu kancinci kunamadoda.
• Kwabo bane-high blood pressure: Ukuba une-high blood pressure, le ngozi iyanda kuba intliziyo kufuneka ithwale ubunzima obungaphezulu rhoqo.
• Kwabo baneentlungu zesifuba rhoqo: Oku kungathetha ukuba kukho into engalunganga entliziyweni.
• Kwabo balibazisa ukuya esibhedlele xa beneentlungu esifubeni: Khumbula, umzuzwana ngamnye ubalulekile ngexesha lokuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Ukufumana unyango kwangethuba kunokunciphisa umonakalo.
• Ukuba olu luhlaselo lwabo lokuqala lwentliziyo: Mhlawumbi kungenxa yokuba intliziyo ayizange ijongane nolu hlobo lwemeko ngaphambili.
• Kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60: Njengoko amalungu omzimba eba buthathaka njengoko ekhula, nentliziyo iyawohloka.
• Kwabo bane-"Atherosclerosis" (oko kukuthi, ukutyeba kwamafutha eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi, okubenza banciphe): Oku kuphazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya entliziyweni.
• Kwabo banesifo sentliziyo: Oku kuthetha ukuba intliziyo ayimpompi igazi ngokufanelekileyo.
• Kwabo bakha baba nestroke ngaphambili.
• Kwabo banesifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Oku akuvamile kakhulu, kodwa akuyonto inokungahoywa. Cinga, olunye uphando lufumanise ukuba malunga nama-30% abantu abasweleke ngequbuliso ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yintliziyo nabo babenale ntlungu yentliziyo, okanye `(Myocardial Rupture)`.

Phakathi kwe-10% kunye ne-20% yabantu abanesifo sentliziyo banokukrazuka eludongeni olungaphandle ("uDonga Olukhululekileyo") lwe-ventricle yasekhohlo yentliziyo yabo. Ubusazi na ukuba i-ventricle yasekhohlo yindawo ephambili yentliziyo epompa igazi emzimbeni wethu wonke?

Nangona kunjalo, ukuqhekeka kodonga phakathi kwamagumbi amabini asezantsi entliziyo (i-"Ventricular Septum") kunqabile kakhulu. Kwenzeka kubantu abangaphantsi kwe-0.4% abanesifo sentliziyo.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa intliziyo iphukile?

Okwenzekayo kuxhomekeke ekubeni intliziyo yonakele phi. Jonga le nkcazo:

• Ukuba udonga (`(Septum)`) phakathi kwamagumbi amabini asezantsi (iiseli - `(Ventricles)`) zentliziyo ziyaqhekeka: Oku kubangela ukuba igazi elininzi lingene emiphungeni kunokuba kufanele. Oku kubangela ukuba imiphunga izaliswe lulwelo (`(Pulmonary Edema)`) kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla (`(Respiratory Failure)`).
• Ukuba umsipha kwivalvu ye-mitral uyaqhawuka: Iimpawu zokusilela kwentliziyo zinokuvela ngokukhawuleza. Oku kungenxa yokuba igazi liqala ukuvuza umva kwaye alimpompelwa kakuhle emzimbeni.
• Ukuba udonga lwangaphandle lwentliziyo (`(Udonga Olukhululekileyo)` luyaqhekeka: Olu lolona qhekeko luqhelekileyo. Oku kudla ngokuba yingozi. Kuba igazi liphuma entliziyweni liye esifubeni.

Zithini iimpawu zoku?

Olu hlaselo lwentliziyo lunokubangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zazo zinokuba ngequbuliso kwaye zibe qatha:

• Intlungu yesifuba eqatha: Oku kunokufana nentlungu yokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, okanye kunokuba kubi nangakumbi.
• Umothuko wentliziyo: Oku kuthetha ukuba intliziyo iba buthathaka kangangokuba ayikwazi ukupompa igazi elaneleyo emzimbeni.
• Ukubanjwa yintliziyo: Intliziyo iyeka ukubetha ngequbuliso.
• Ukungasebenzi kwentliziyo: Amandla okupompa kwentliziyo ayaphazamiseka.
• Ukudumba kweMiphunga okanye ukungaphumeleli kokuphefumla: Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• I-Cardiac tamponade: I-membrane encinci ejikeleze intliziyo izaliswe ligazi, nto leyo ebangela uxinzelelo entliziyweni.

Yintoni isizathu soku?

Ngamafutshane, xa izihlunu zentliziyo zonakele ngexesha lokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, ziyabuthathaka. Amaxesha amaninzi, amandla entshukumo yokupompa kwentliziyo anokubangela ukuba loo ndawo ibuthathaka ikrazuke, okanye iqhekeke. Yiyo leyo imbangela ephambili yokuhlaselwa yintliziyo.

Oogqirha bayibona njani le nto?

Ugqirha wakho uza kuqala akuphulaphule entliziyweni yakho. Basenokuva isandi esingaqhelekanga ('ukumbombozela') xa bemamela nge-'stethoscope'. Emva koko, baya kuyalela iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa imeko.

Uvavanyo lokuqala oludla ngokwenziwa yiTransthoracic Echocardiogram (TTE) . Oku kufana ne-ultrasound scan yentliziyo. Ingajonga imilo yentliziyo, ukusebenza kwayo, kunye nokuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki.

Ukuba oko akuboneleli ngolwazi oluchanekileyo olwaneleyo, ungenza uvavanyo oluthe kratya:

• I-Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE): Le yindlela evakala ngayo intliziyo, kodwa kufakwa umbhobho omncinci entanyeni ukuze ujonge intliziyo kufutshane.
• Ukufakwa kweCatheterization yentliziyo: Kule meko, ityhubhu encinci idluliselwa ngemithambo yegazi engalweni okanye emlenzeni iye entliziyweni ukujonga uxinzelelo ngaphakathi entliziyweni, ukuhamba kwegazi, kunye nazo naziphi na iingxaki.
• Iskeni ye-CT.
• I-MRI yentliziyo.

Uyiphatha njani intliziyo ephukileyo?

Oku kuyinkimbinkimbi kancinci. Nangona amayeza enokunceda okwethutyana, unyango olungcono lokuhlaselwa yintliziyo lutyando.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukwenza utyando ngoko nangoko . Okanye, banokusebenzisa izixhobo zoomatshini zexeshana ukukunceda kude kube lusuku lotyando.

Umzekelo, ukuba unengxaki yevalvu yentliziyo, oogqirha bakholelwa ukuba umngcipheko wokufa ngenxa yotyando ukuze uyilungise uphantsi kancinci ukuba ulinda malunga neentsuku ezisixhenxe. Oku kungenxa yokuba ngelo xesha izihlunu zipholile kancinci kwaye imithungo ingabambelela kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba imeko yakho ayizinzanga, kukwayingozi ukulibazisa utyando. Oku kungenxa yokuba ingxaki inokuba mandundu.

Ngexesha elinje, ugqirha wakho kunye nosapho lwakho kufuneka badibane, baxoxe ngezinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga zonyango olufumanekayo, baze bagqibe kwelokuba yintoni efanelekileyo kwimeko yakho.

Ngawaphi amayeza kunye nonyango olusetyenziswayo?

Oku kulandelayo kunokusetyenziswa njengonyango lwentliziyo ephukileyo:

• I-Diuretics: Yehlisa ulwelo olugqithisileyo emzimbeni.
• Ii-Inotropes (`(Inotropes)`): Zandisa amandla okufinyela kwentliziyo.
• IiVasodilators: Yandisa imithambo yegazi kwaye incedise ukuhamba kwegazi.
• I-ECMO: Ukunika intliziyo nemiphunga ukuphumla kunye nomatshini owenza umsebenzi wawo.
• Iphampu yebhaluni yangaphakathi kwe-aorta (`(Impampu yeBhaluni yangaphakathi kwe-aorta)`) inceda ukupompa igazi entliziyweni.
• Isixhobo sokuncedisa i-ventricular yasekhohlo (`(Isixhobo soNcedo lwe-Ventricular yasekhohlo / LVAD)`).
• Ukuvala ikrazu ngendlela engangenisi kakhulu ngokudlula emthanjeni wegazi.
• Utyando lwentliziyo evulekileyo lubandakanya ukulungisa ukuqhekeka nge-patch.

Khumbula, nangona utyando lolona nyango lubalaseleyo lokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, lukwayingozi. Nangona kunjalo, emva kotyando oluphumeleleyo, ungaphila iminyaka emininzi.

Ndingayinciphisa njani le ngozi?

Lo ngumbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba uneempawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, eyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza kukufumana uncedo ngokukhawuleza. Emva koko unethuba elingcono lokusinda kwisifo sentliziyo kwaye uphephe iingxaki ezifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo.

Ukuba ukhe wacinga ukuba usenokuba unesifo sentliziyo, musa ukulibazisa ukuya kuvavanywa. Kuba umzuzwana ngamnye wobomi uxabisekile.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndihlaselwa yintliziyo? (Ingqikelelo)

Ingqikelelo yakho (`(Ukuxela kwangaphambili)`) ixhomekeke ekubeni leliphi icala lentliziyo yakho elonakeleyo.

• Ukuba udonga lwangaphandle lwentliziyo (`(Udonga Lwangaphandle okanye Olukhululekileyo)`) lukrazukile, ludla ngokuba yingozi. Kuba akukho xesha laneleyo lokululungisa ngotyando. Nokuba oogqirha bazama ukululungisa, lusenokungaphumeleli.
• Ukuba udonga oluphakathi kwamagumbi amabini asezantsi (iiventricles) zentliziyo luqhekekile, ugqirha angayilungisa ngotyando. Nangona kunjalo, olu tyando lunezinga lokufa elimalunga ne-43%, elingaphezulu kunalo naluphi na olunye utyando lwentliziyo.
• Ukuba ukukrazuka kwakho kukwimisipha yevalvu ye-mitral, ugqirha unokukwazi ukuyilungisa ngotyando.

Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo yimeko embi kakhulu. Isiqingatha sabo banesifo siyafa. Uninzi lwaba bantu bafa ngequbuliso ngaphandle kwesibhedlele. Ngaphandle kotyando, ingqikelelo yokuba baya kuphila ayilunganga kangako.

Emva kotyando, abantu abaninzi banokufumana iingxaki ezifana nokopha kunye nokwehla kokuphuma kwentliziyo. Nangona kunjalo, xa abaphandi bejonga abantu emva kweminyaka emihlanu, bafumanise ukuba abantu baphila kakuhle emva kotyando.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuphila nentliziyo eyaphukileyo?

Ewe, ungaphila nentliziyo eyaphukileyo, kodwa ifuna ukuxilongwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nonyango. Utyando lwentliziyo evulekileyo lunokunyusa izinga lokusinda kwakho.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Oku kubaluleke kakhulu.

• Gcina zonke iidipozithi zokulandelela kunye nogqirha wakho.
• Thatha onke amayeza abawanike wona ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
• Ukuba uziva ngathi unesifo sentliziyo kwakhona, funa uncedo ngokukhawuleza.

Ndimele ndibuze ntoni kugqirha wam?

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo uhlangabezana nale meko, ungalibali ukubuza ugqirha wakho le mibuzo:

• Iphi kanye kanye le ntsiba entliziyweni yam?
• Yeyiphi indlela engcono yonyango lwengxaki yam?
• Injani imeko yam ethile?

Ukuba umntu omthandayo unesifo sentliziyo, kuya kufuneka ucinge ngeengozi kunye neenzuzo zeendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Musa ukoyika ukubuza imibuzo ukuze uqonde ngcono unyango kunye noko banokukwenza noko bangenakukwenza. Ukuba umntu omthandayo akanakukwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kule ncoko, cinga ngezigqibo abanokuzithatha ngexesha elinje.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka siyikhumbule kweli bali kukuba

Ukuqhekeka kwentliziyo yingxaki eyingozi kakhulu nesongela ubomi enokwenzeka emva kokuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Yimeko apho iindonga, izihlunu, okanye iivalvu zentliziyo zikrazuka khona.

Ukuba uneempawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nentlungu yesifuba, kubalulekile ukuya esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza. Unyango olukhawulezileyo lunokunciphisa umonakalo entliziyweni kwaye lunciphise umngcipheko weengxaki ezinkulu ezifana nezi.

Ukuba le meko iyenzeka, utyando lolona nyango luphambili. Nangona luyingozi, emva kotyando oluphumeleleyo, kukho ithuba lokuchacha nobomi obulungileyo.

Ngoko ke, khathalela intliziyo yakho. Qaphela iimpawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza xa kuyimfuneko.

Ukuqhekeka kwentliziyo , iingxaki zentliziyo, ukuqhekeka kwentliziyo, iintlungu zesifuba, utyando lwentliziyo, iimeko ezingxamisekileyo zentliziyo