Masifunde ngeeNeuroendocrine Tumors ngendlela elula.

Ngaba uhlala uziva udiniwe, unezihlunu zesisu, okanye uneentlungu ezingachazekiyo? Sihlala sizithatha ezi zinto njengeziqhelekileyo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, emva kwezi mpawu zincinci, kunokubakho imeko engaqhelekanga kodwa ebalulekileyo esifanele siyiqaphele. Enye yezi meko, engaqhelekanga kodwa ibalulekileyo zii-neuroendocrine tumors, okanye njengoko sitsho ngesiNgesi, `Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs).` Ke namhlanje, masithethe ngayo ngokulula.

Zithini ezi zifo ze-neuroendocrine (ii-NET)?

Ngamafutshane, olu luhlobo olungaqhelekanga lwethumba oluvela emizimbeni yethu. Olu luqala 'kwiiseli zethu ze-neuroendocrine'. Ngoku mhlawumbi uyazibuza ukuba zeziphi iiseli ezi. Okumangalisayo kukuba ezi seli zineempawu zeeseli zemithambo-luvo kunye neempawu zeeseli ze-endocrine, ezivelisa iihomoni. Oku kuthetha ukuba ezi seli zinokufumana imiyalezo evela kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo kwaye zikhuphe iihomoni egazini ngenxa yempendulo.

Ezi seli ze-neuroendocrine zifumaneka kwiindawo ezininzi emzimbeni wethu. Zifumaneka kakhulu kwiindawo ezifana nemiphunga, isisu, i-pancreas, kunye namathumbu. Ngoko ke, xa ngesizathu esithile ezi seli ziqala ukwahlukana nokwanda ngokungalawulekiyo, kuvela ithumba. Uninzi lwezi thumba ziyingozi, oko kuthetha ukuba zinokuba ngumhlaza.

Ezi thumba zahlukile kakhulu kwenye kwenye. Ezinye zikhula kancinci kakhulu, ngelixa ezinye zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Kwakhona, iimpawu zazo kunye neendlela zonyango zahlukile kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo kunye nohlobo lwethumba.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zezi nati?

Oogqirha bahlula la mathumba ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili. Enye isekelwe ekubeni avelisa iihomoni okanye hayi.

• Ii-NET ezisebenzayo: Ezi ntlobo zee-NET zivelisa iihomoni. Ngoko ke, xa ihomoni ekuthethwa ngayo isanda emzimbeni, aba bantu banokufumana iimpawu ezifana nokuhlanjwa ngequbuliso, ukubila, kunye nokudumba.
• Ii-NET ezingasebenziyo: Ezi ntlobo ze-NET azivelisi iihomoni. Ngoko ke, zisenokungabi nazo naziphi na iimpawu kwizigaba zokuqala. Iimpawu zibonakala kuphela xa ii-NET zikhula, zibeka uxinzelelo kwilungu elikulo, okanye ziphazamisana nomsebenzi walo.

Ukongeza, ezi zifo zikwahlulwa ngokwendawo ezihlala kuyo emzimbeni. Ezi zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo.

Ukongeza kwezi ndawo zintathu ziphambili, ezi thumba azinakuvela kwiindawo ezifana ne-thyroid gland, i-parathyroid glands, i-pituitary gland, kunye ne-adrenal glands.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le sifo?

Ehlabathini lonke, esi sifo sichaphazela abantu abamalunga ne-6 kwi-100,000 . Oku kuthetha ukuba sisifo esingaqhelekanga kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, inani labantu abafunyaniswe benesi sifo liye landa kancinci kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Oku kusenokuba kungenxa yokuba uvavanyo oluphambili lokuxilonga ngoku luvumela la mathumba ukuba afunyanwe kwangethuba nangokulula.

Nangona esi sifo sinokuchaphazela abantu bayo nayiphi na iminyaka, asiqhelekanga kakhulu ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala abancinci. Sidla ngokuxhaphaka kakhulu kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-50 ukuya kwengama-60 ubudala .

Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo?

Le yeyona ngxaki inkulu. Rhoqo, la mathumba awabangeli zimpawu de akhule ngokwaneleyo ukuba achaphazele amalungu akufutshane. Nokuba iimpawu ziyabonakala, ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo ekuyo ithumba. Kwakhona, ezi mpawu zifana kakhulu nezo zezinye izifo eziqhelekileyo kangangokuba zinokuphazamaniswa nezinye iimeko.

Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziqhele ukubonwa:

• Ukudinwa
• Isisu esibuhlungu
• Urhudo
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla
• Ukukhwehlela (ngamanye amaxesha kunye negazi)

Kutheni ezi thumba zenzeka? Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?

Oogqirha abakayazi kakuhle ukuba kutheni ezi seli ze-neuroendocrine ziqala ukwahlukana ngequbuliso ngokungalawulekiyo. Oko kuthetha ukuba abakayazi eyona nto ibangela oku.

Nangona kunjalo, kufunyenwe ukuba abantu abaneemeko ezithile ezingaqhelekanga zemfuza (ii-syndromes) ezizuzwe njengelifa basengozini enkulu yokuphuhlisa ezi thumba. Oku kuthetha ukuba le meko inokubangelwa lutshintsho (utshintsho) kwiimfuza ezithile.

• I-Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN): Le meko ibangela ukuba iithumba zivele kwiindlala ezahlukeneyo kunye namalungu omzimba. Abantu abanale meko, ababizwa ngokuba yi-MEN type 1 (MEN1), basengozini enkulu yokufumana iithumba zepancreatic (P-NETs).
• Isifo sikaVon Hippel-Lindau: Esi simo sonyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza kunye neethumba eziqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.
• Uhlobo lwe-Neurofibromatosis 1: Kule meko, iithumba zenzeka eluswini nakwimithambo-luvo.
• I-Tuberous sclerosis complex: Oku kunokubangela ukuba iithumba zakheke naphi na emzimbeni, ingakumbi engqondweni.
• Isifo sikaCowden: Le meko ikwanyusa umngcipheko wokuba neethumba kunye nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza.

Ungasixilonga njani esi sifo? (Ukuxilongwa)

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, iimpawu zale meko ziqhelekile kangangokuba kungathatha ixesha ukuxilonga. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela oku, uya kuyalela iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke ekubeni ucinga ukuba ithumba likuphi.

Ithini inqanaba kunye nomgangatho wesimila?

Nje ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba unesi sifo, ugqirha uza kuxoxa ngenqanaba laso kunye nenqanaba laso.

• Inqanaba: Oku kubhekisa ekubeni umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani. Uhlala uhlelwa ukusuka kwinqanaba loku-1 ukuya kwelesi-4. Okukhona inani liphantsi, kokukhona ithumba lincinci kwaye kokukhona lisasazeke kancinci. Inqanaba lesi-4 lidla ngokuthetha ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba (i-metastatic).
• Udidi: Oku kubhekisa kwindlela ezibonakala zingaqhelekanga ngayo iiseli xa zijongwa ngemakroskopu kunye nendlela ezikhawuleza ngayo ukwahlukana. Iithumba zebanga loku-1 nelesi-2 (ezahlulwe kakuhle) zikhula kancinci, ngelixa iithumba zebanga lesi-3 (ezahlulwe kakubi) zikhula ngokukhawuleza.

Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuze ufumane indlela eli nqanaba kunye nenqanaba elichaphazela ngayo imeko yakho.

Zithini iindlela zonyango?

Indlela yonyango ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ezifana nohlobo lwethumba onalo, ubungakanani balo, nokuba lisasazekile na, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.

Utyando lolona nyango luphambili nolusetyenziswa kakhulu koku. Ukuba ithumba lingasuswa ngokupheleleyo ngotyando, amathuba okuba liphile aphezulu.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iithumba zikhulu okanye zisasazeke kwezinye iindawo, kunokufuneka ezinye iindlela zonyango.

• Ii-Somatostatin analogues: Ezi luhlobo lwamayeza athintela umzimba ekuveliseni i-hormone eninzi. Anganciphisa iimpawu kwaye alawule ukukhula kwethumba.
• Unyango ngamakhemikhali:Amayeza anamandla abulala iiseli zomhlaza.
• Unyango olujoliswe kulo: La mayeza ajolise kwiijini ezithile okanye iiproteni ezifumaneka kwiiseli zomhlaza kuphela aze azihlasele, ngaloo ndlela ebangela umonakalo omncinci kwiiseli eziphilileyo.
• Unyango ngemitha: Kusetyenziswa unyango oluthile lwemitha kule nto. Umzekelo, indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-'peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT)' isebenzisa into enemitha ukuze ijolise kwiithumba ezivelisa iihomoni kwaye izitshabalalise.

Indlela yokuphila nesi sifo?

Xa ufumanisa ukuba une-NETs, ​​unokuba nemibuzo emininzi. Ngaba oku kunokunyangeka? Liza kuba njani ikamva lam?

Uqikelelo lwesi sifo luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Ezi ziquka uhlobo lwethumba, ukuba lisasazeke na, kunye nendlela elisabela ngayo kunyango. Ngokomyinge, izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu emva kokufunyaniswa limalunga ne-39%.

Ukugqiba unyango akuthethi ukuba yonke into iphelile. Ngenxa yokuba la mathumba akhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye anokuphinda abuye emva konyango, ugqirha wakho uza kukujonga iminyaka.

Ungazinyamekela njani?

Esi sifo kunye nonyango lwaso lunokuba nefuthe elikhulu emzimbeni nasengqondweni yakho.

• Joyina amaqela enkxaso: Kunzima ukulwa nomhlaza wedwa. Ingakumbi xa unesifo esingaqhelekanga esifana nesi, kunokuba nzima ukufumana abantu abayiqondayo intlungu yakho. Buza iqela lakho lezonyango malunga namaqela enkxaso yabantu abanale meko.
• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo: Iziphumo ezingezizo zonyango zinokubangela ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya. Nxibelelana nogqirha wezondlo ukuze ufumane iingcebiso malunga nokutya okuya kukunceda ugcine amandla akho esempilweni.
• Fumana inkxaso yengqondo: Olu hambo alulula njengoko ucinga. Ukuba uziva uxinezelekile ngokweemvakalelo, ungabi neentloni ukufuna uncedo kwingcali yezempilo yengqondo.
• Lumka xa usela utywala: Utywala bunokwenza ezinye iimpawu zibe mandundu, ngoko qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho malunga nokusela utywala.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba une-NET, qaphela naluphi na utshintsho emzimbeni wakho. Ngokukodwa, ukuba ufumana ukurhawuzelelwa ngequbuliso, ukudumba kwesisu, okanye ukuphefumla, ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-carcinoid syndrome. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza.

Kwakhona, ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mandundu, okanye ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango kunzima ukuzinyamezela, funa ingcebiso kagqirha.

Ufanele uye nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU)?

Kukho iimeko apho i-NETs zinokuchaphazela intliziyo. Ukuba ufumana ukudumba okungaqhelekanga emilenzeni okanye emaqatheni akho, kwaye ngequbuliso uzive uphelelwa ngumphefumlo, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko.

Okokugqibela, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba nemibuzo emininzi xa ufunda ngesifo esingaqhelekanga esifana nesi. Ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho nokubuza yonke imibuzo yakho kunokukunceda kakhulu ekulawuleni impilo yakho.