Khawuthelekelele ukuba ubuselanga waza ngequbuliso wangena kwigumbi elimnyama, umzekelo, kwindawo yokubukela iimuvi. Okanye xa uhamba esitratweni ebusuku, kwindawo engenazibane, kuthatha ixesha ukubona indawo ekungqongileyo, akunjalo? Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yimbono yasebusuku, okanye ngokwezonyango , umbono we-scotopic . Eli likhono elimangalisayo lamehlo ethu.
Lo mbono wasebusuku usebenza njani?
Le yinkqubo enomdla kakhulu. Ngamafutshane, ifana nendlela esebenza ngayo ikhamera. Makhe sibone ukuba isebenza njani.
Khawucinge ukuba utshintshe ekubeni kwindawo ekhanyiswe kakuhle waya kwindawo emnyama.
1. Umbona weliso uyakhula: Into yokuqala eyenzekayo kukuba inxalenye emnyama ephakathi kweliso lakho, umntwana , iyanda ukuze kungene ukukhanya okuninzi kangangoko. Kufana nokukhulisa ilensi yekhamera.
2. Ukukhanya kungena kwi-retina: Ukukhanya okungena kweliso ngale ndlela kufikelela kwindawo efana nesikrini ebizwa ngokuba yi-retina ngasemva kweliso.
3. Iiseli ezikhethekileyo ziqala ukusebenza: Kukho izigidi zeeseli ezikhethekileyo kwi-retina ezisabela ekukhanyeni. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba zii-photoreceptors . Ezi ziintlobo ezimbini.
- Iikhowuni: Ezi zisinceda sibone imibala ekukhanyeni okuhle.
- Iinduku: Nazi iiqhawe zebali lethu. Ezi "nduku" ziiseli ezisinceda sibone ekukhanyeni okuphantsi, oko kukuthi, ebusuku.
4. Inkqubo yeekhemikhali iyaqala: Emva kokuba ungene ebumnyameni, kwimizuzu embalwa, iprotheyini ebizwa ngokuba yi -rhodopsin kwiiseli zakho zerod iyaqala ukusebenza. Le nkqubo yonke ithatha malunga nemizuzu engama-30 ukugqitywa, kwaye unokubona kakuhle ebumnyameni. Ngaba ukhe waqaphela ukuba kutheni ngequbuliso ungaboni ebumnyameni?
5. Umyalezo uya engqondweni: Iiseli zerod ezisebenzayo ziguqula olu kukhanya lusezantsi lube ziimpawu zombane kwaye ziluthumele engqondweni nge -optic nerve .
6. Ingqondo idala umfanekiso: Okokugqibela, ingqondo yakho iguqulela ezi mpawu ize idale umfanekiso owubonayo ebumnyameni.
Ngaba wakha waziva ngathi ungazibona izinto ebusuku kodwa ube nengxaki yokwahlula imibala? Kungenxa yokuba iirodi, eziziiseli ezisebenza ebusuku, azikwazi ukwahlula imibala. Zibona kuphela izinto ezimnyama, ezimhlophe, nezingwevu.
Ziziphi iimeko zempilo ezichaphazela umbono wasebusuku?
Ukubona kwethu ebusuku kuxhomekeke kwimpilo yeentonga ezikwi-retina yethu. Ngoko ke nantoni na eyonakalisa ezi seli inokonakalisa umbono wethu wasebusuku. Nazi ezinye zeemeko ezinokubangela oku.
| Imeko | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| IiCataracts | Ilensi yeliso iba namafu, nto leyo enciphisa ukukhanya okungena kweliso. Ukungaboni ebusuku (nyctalopia) luphawu oluphambili lwe-cataracts. |
| I-Cone-rod dystrophy | Esi sisifo semfuza esibangela ukuba iiseli ze-cone kunye ne-rod kwi-retina yethu zife kancinci kancinci. |
| Ukonakala kweMacular | Oku konakalisa indawo esembindini we-retina, nto leyo enokubangela ukubona okufipheleyo xa ujonge phambili. |
| I-Retinitis Pigmentosa | Esi sisifo esibangelwa lufuzo. Siqala sitshabalalise iintonga, size emva koko iikhowuni ziqale ukufa. |
Kutheni izilwanyana zikwazi ukubona ngcono ebusuku kunathi?
Le yingxaki enabantu abaninzi. Izilwanyana ezifana neekati nezinja zinokubona ngcono ebusuku kunathi. Zimbini izizathu eziphambili zoku.
1. Amehlo amakhulu: Amehlo ezilwanyana kunye neeretina zikhulu kunezethu, ngoko ke amehlo azo anokuqokelela ukukhanya okuninzi nokuba kukho ukukhanya okuncinci.
2. I-membrane ekhanyayo: Emva kwe-retina yezilwanyana, kukho i-membrane ebizwa ngokuba yi-tapetum lucidum . Oku kusebenza njengesipili. Ukukhanya okungena elisweni kudlula kwi-retina, kubethe kule membrane, kuze kubonakale kubuyela kwi-retina. Oko kukuthi, ukukhanya kubetha kwi-retina kabini endaweni yokuba kube kanye. Yiyo loo nto zinokubona ngokucacileyo nakwiimeko ezimnyama kakhulu. Ngaba wakha wawabona amehlo ekati ekhanya xa ukukhanya kukhanya kuwo ebusuku? Oko kungenxa yale membrane ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Tapetum lucidum)`.
Singayigcina njani imbono yethu yasebusuku ilungile?
Amehlo ethu aluncedo kakhulu. Ngoko ke luxanduva lwethu ukuwakhusela. Nazi ezinye zezinto onokuzenza ukuze ugcine umbono wakho wasebusuku ulungile.
- Hlola amehlo akho rhoqo: Nokuba awuzinxibi iiglasi, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe amehlo akho ngugqirha wamehlo ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka . Ngale ndlela, naziphi na iingxaki zinokubonwa kwangethuba.
- Fumana uhlolo olupheleleyo lwempilo: Izifo ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye nesifo seswekile zinokuchaphazela ngqo amehlo akho. Ngoko ke, tyelela ugqirha wakho rhoqo ukuze ufumane uhlolo olupheleleyo.
- Nxiba iiglasi zelanga ezilungileyo: Nxiba iiglasi zelanga ezine- 100% UV protection (UV400) ukukhusela amehlo akho kwimitha yelanga eyingozi ye-ultraviolet (UV). Musa ukujonga ngqo elangeni.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya: Ukutshaya kungonakalisa imithambo yegazi ebuthathaka kwi-retina yakho. Oku kuchaphazela neeseli zakho ze-light receptor.
- Yitya ukutya okunempilo: Ukutya okutyebileyo kwii -antioxidants kubaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yamehlo. Yitya ukutya okutyebileyo kwiziqhamo, imifuno, iimbotyi kunye namafutha anempilo.
Ngoku uyazi okuninzi ngale khono limangalisayo elibizwa ngokuba yi-night vision, elisinceda sifumane indlela yethu ebumnyameni size singene ngaphakathi endlwini. Ukuze ulondoloze eli khono, kubalulekile ukuba unyamekele amehlo akho. Ukuba ufumana naluphi na utshintsho okanye ukungakhululeki embonweni wakho wasebusuku, musa ukulityeshela kwaye funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iiseli ezikhethekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba ziintonga kwi-retina yeliso zisinceda sibone ebumnyameni.
- Ezinye izifo, ezinje nge-cataracts, zinokubangela ukuba umbono wakho ebusuku uphazamiseke.
- Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho embonweni wakho wasebusuku, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe amehlo akho ngokukhawuleza. Bonana nogqirha wakho .
- Izinto ezifana nokutya ukutya okunempilo, ukunxiba iiglasi zelanga ezine-UV ekhuselekileyo, kunye nokuphepha ukutshaya kunokunceda ukugcina amehlo akho esempilweni.
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