Masifunde ngakumbi ngeNipah Virus. Musa ukoyika, masithethe!

Usenokuba ukhe waliva eli gama litsha kwiindaba kule mihla libizwa ngokuba yi-'Nipah Virus'. Abanye basenokuba babesoyika. Yintoni kanye kanye iNipah? Isichaphazela njani thina? Ngaba iza kuyichaphazela neSri Lanka? Masithethe ngayo yonke le nto ngokweenkcukacha, ngokulula. Akukho sizathu sokoyika, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi.

Yintoni iNipah Virus? Ngamafutshane...

I-Nipah Virus yintsholongwane enokudluliselwa ukusuka kwizilwanyana ukuya ebantwini . Ngokwezonyango, siyibiza ngokuba yi-"Zoonotic Virus". Isasazeka kakhulu ngamalulwane adla iziqhamo (abanye abantu bawabiza ngokuba 'ziimpungutye ezibhabhayo'). Nangona kunjalo, ingasasazeka nakwezinye izilwanyana ezifana neehagu, iibhokhwe, amahashe, izinja, kunye neekati.

Cinga ngale ndlela, le ntsholongwane ifana nomntu okhohlisayo. Ineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhamba ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye.

Isasazeka njani le ntsholongwane yeNipah?

Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili ezisasaza ngazo oku. Masithethe ngazo ngokucacileyo.

1. Ngokudibana nolwelo lomzimba wesilwanyana esineentsholongwane:

Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba igazi, ilindle, okanye amathe esilwanyana esinentsholongwane angena emzimbeni womntu ophilileyo, intsholongwane ingangena emzimbeni. Umzekelo, ukuba umntu osebenza ngokusondeleyo nehagu enesifo uchukumisa umchamo okanye amathe aloo silwanyana aze angazihlambi kakuhle izandla zakhe, unokufumana intsholongwane.

2. Ukuba utya ukutya okungcoliswe sisilwanyana esinesifo:

Khawucinge nje, ukuba ilulwane elinentsholongwane litya isiqhamo lize lisiwise emhlabeni, okanye ukuba into efana nomchamo walo iwela kwisiqhamo, kwaye isiqhamo sityiwe singahlanjwanga kakuhle, intsholongwane inokudluliselwa. Ngokukodwa, kuthiwa umntu kufuneka alumke ngejusi yesundu eluhlaza kunye neziqhamo ezivela emithini apho kuhlala khona amalulwane.

3. Ngokudibana ngokusondeleyo nomntu onentsholongwane yeNipah:

Le yindlela esasazeka ngayo ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye . Oku kudla ngokwenzeka kwabo banyamekela umntu ogulayo. Kuba intsholongwane ingasasazeka kwabanye ngezinto ezifana namathe omguli kunye namaconsi avela ekuthinimla. Yiyo loo nto kusetyenziswa iimpahla zokuzikhusela ezikhethekileyo ezibhedlele.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ingasasazeka ngomoya ngamathontsi akhutshwa xa umntu onentsholongwane yeNipah ekhohlela okanye ethimla . Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba sikufutshane nabo ngamaxesha anjalo, loo mathontsi anokungena kwinkqubo yethu yokuphefumla aze abangele isifo.

Iphi intsholongwane yeNipah exhaphake kakhulu?

I-Nipah virus ifumaneka kakhulu kumazwe aseAsia, kwaye amatyala ale ntsholongwane axelwa phantse minyaka le, ingakumbi eBangladesh naseIndiya .

Le ntsholongwane yafunyanwa okokuqala ngo-1999 kuqhambuko olukhulu eMalaysia naseSingapore . Ngelo xesha, abantu abangaphezu kwe-100 bafa kwaye amakhulu amawaka eehagu kwafuneka zibulawe. Ukususela ngoko, kuye kwabikwa ezinye izifo ezingama-20.

Ngoko ke, ukuba uhambela amazwe afana neBangladesh, iMalaysia, iSingapore, neIndiya, kufuneka ulumke kakhulu ngale nto. Ukongeza kula mazwe, kukwakho neentlobo zamalulwane ezisasaza le ntsholongwane kumazwe afana neCambodia, iIndonesia, iMadagascar, iPhilippines, neThailand, ngoko ke kunokubakho umngcipheko kuloo mazwe. Nangona kungekho tyala liqinisekisiweyo le ntsholongwane yeNipah eSri Lanka, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba sonke sikuqaphele oku.

Zithini iimpawu zentsholongwane yeNipah?

Emva kokosulelwa yintsholongwane yeNipah, kungathatha phakathi kweentsuku ezi-4 ukuya kwezili-14 ukuba iimpawu zibonakale. Ngamanye amaxesha eli xesha linokuba lide okanye lifutshane.

Iimpawu zokuqala ezinokubonakala zezi:

• Ifiva
• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla
• Ukukhwehlela kunye nomphimbo obuhlungu
• Urhudo
• Ukuhlanza
• Iintlungu zomzimba kunye nokudinwa kakhulu

Amaxesha amaninzi, umkhuhlane kunye nentloko ebuhlungu ziza kuqala. Emva koko, kuvela iimpawu zokuphefumla ezifana nokukhwehlela kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla.

Iimpawu eziyingozi kakhulu zezo zinokwenzeka ukuba isifo siba sibi kakhulu . Oku kunokukhokelela kwisifo sosulelo lobuchopho (encephalitis) . Oku kusongela ubomi.

Ezinye iimpawu ezinzima:

• Ukudideka kunye nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo
• Intetho engacacanga (njengokuthintitha)
• Ukuxhuzula
• I-Coma
• Uxinzelelo olukhulu lokuphefumla

Abaphandi abakayazi kakuhle ukuba kutheni abanye abantu beba nezi mpawu kancinci kangaka baze baphile, ngelixa abanye beba buhlungu kangaka. Okumangalisayo kukuba, abanye abantu banokuba nentsholongwane kodwa bangabonakalisi zimpawu konke konke .

Iyingozi kangakanani intsholongwane yeNipah ebantwini?

Enyanisweni, intsholongwane yeNipah yintsholongwane enokuba yingozi ebantwini. Ngokutsho kwe-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC), phakathi kwama-40% nama-75% abantu abafumana esi sifo banokufa . Eli nani liyahluka ukusuka kwilizwe ukuya kwelinye, kwaye lixhomekeke kwindlela abasemagunyeni bezempilo abakulungele ngayo ukulawula ubhubhane.

Yintoni ebangela intsholongwane yeNipah?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, le yintsholongwane evela kwizilwanyana. Amatyala okuqala axeliweyo yayingabantu abadibana neehagu ezosulelekileyo. Kamva kwafunyaniswa ukuba umthombo wokuqala wesifo yayiziilulwane, kwaye la malulwane ngawo adlulisela esi sifo kwiihagu.

Ngamafutshane, ukuba ilulwane okanye ihagu enesifo ivumela ulwelo lwayo lomzimba (amathe, umchamo, ilindle, igazi) ukuba ludibane nesinye isilwanyana, eso silwanyana siya kufumana intsholongwane. Kunjalo nakubantu. Xa umntu enayo intsholongwane, angayidlulisela komnye umntu ngolwelo lwayo lomzimba.

Kuthiwa idluliselwa ngokutya nokusela. Oko kukuthi, ingadluliselwa ngokutya iziqhamo ezityiwe zizilwanyana ezifana namalulwane, okanye ngokutya iziqhamo eziwe kuwo, njengomchamo wawo namathe, kunye nejusi yeedethi. Abantu abakhwela imithi rhoqo apho amalulwane ahlala khona nabo bosulelwe yile ntsholongwane.

Isasazeka ngokukhawuleza kangakanani intsholongwane yeNipah?

Ewe, intsholongwane yeNipah sisifo esosulelayo . Isasazeka ngolwelo lomzimba olufana namathe, ilindle, kunye negazi. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba unyamekela umntu onentsholongwane yeNipah, ungayifumana xa loo mntu ekhohlela okanye ethimla.

Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?

Umngcipheko ophambili wokufumana le ntsholongwane kukudibana namalulwane asulelekileyo, iihagu, kunye nabantu kwiindawo apho intsholongwane yeNipah ixhaphake khona. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala kude nezilwanyana ezigulayo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukusela ijusi yedethi eluhlaza kunye nokutya iziqhamo ezingcoliswe ngamalulwane nazo zizinto ezinobungozi.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho zentsholongwane yeNipah?

Abanye abantu banokuba neengxaki ezihlala ixesha elide emva kokuchacha, ezifana nokuxhuzula okungapheliyo kunye nokutshintsha kobuntu babo . Kwinani elincinci kakhulu labantu, iimpawu zinokubonakala kwiinyanga okanye kwiminyaka emva kokosulelwa yile ntsholongwane. Oku kungenxa yokuba le ntsholongwane ihlala ingasebenzi emzimbeni. Abantu abaphulukene ne-encephalitis banokuphinda babuye.

Ifunyaniswa njani intsholongwane yeNipah? `(Ukuxilongwa)`

Ugqirha unokurhanela intsholongwane yeNipah ngokujonga iimpawu zakho aze akubuze ukuba ukhe waya kwiindawo apho kukho intsholongwane khona. Ekuqaleni kwesi sifo, uvavanyo lwe-``RT-PCR`` (Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction) lunokuqinisekisa ukuba unayo na intsholongwane yeNipah. Olu vavanyo ludla ngokusebenzisa oku kulandelayo:

• Iiswabhu zempumlo okanye zomqala
• Ulwelo lweCerebrospinal (CSF)
• Iisampuli zomchamo
• Iisampuli zegazi

Esi sifo sinokufunyaniswa nokuba kukwizigaba zokugqibela zesifo okanye emva kokuphila ngokuvavanya ii-antibodies ezithile egazini lakho. Oku kubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwe-ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) .

Inyangwa njani intsholongwane yeNipah?

Ngelishwa, akukho mayeza athile okulwa neentsholongwane afunyenweyo okwangoku . Oku kuthetha ukuba unyango lukhawulelwe ekulawuleni iimpawu . Oku kungabandakanya:

• Ukusela amanzi amaninzi.
• Ukuphumla kakuhle.
• Ukusela amayeza okudambisa iintlungu afana neParacetamol okanye i-Ibuprofen ukunciphisa umkhuhlane.
• Ukusebenzisa amayeza okunyanga isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• Ukusebenzisa ii-inhaler okanye ii-nebulizers xa uphefumla nzima.
• Ukuba unesithuthwane, thatha amayeza okuthintela ukuxhuzula.

Abaphandi okwangoku bafunda ukuba unyango olubizwa ngokuba yi -'Monoclonal Antibody Treatment' lungasetyenziswa na ukulwa ne-Nipah virus, kodwa lusekwinqanaba lophando.

Ngaba ikho indlela yokunyanga intsholongwane yeNipah?

Hayi, akukabikho gonyo okanye amayeza athile anokunyanga ngokupheleleyo intsholongwane yeNipah.

Ngaba ungasinda ukuba unesifo seNipah?

Ewe, kukho abantu abachacha kwi-Nipah virus. Kodwa, njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, phakathi kwama-40% nama-75% abo bafumana esi sifo bayafa . Le yimeko eyingozi kakhulu. Iimpawu zingaqala kumkhuhlane omncinci kunye nentloko ebuhlungu, ukuya kusulelo lobuchopho kwanokufa.

Sikhuselwe njani kwintsholongwane yeNipah? (Ukuthintela)

Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo. Ukuba uhlala kwindawo enentsholongwane yeNipah, okanye uya kwenye, kubalulekile ukulandela la manyathelo okhuseleko:

• Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle: Faka isepha uze uhlikihle izandla zakho ubuncinane imizuzwana engama-20.
• Hlala kude neehagu ezigulayo kunye namalulwane.
• Gcina iifama zeehagu zicocekile kwaye zicocwe iintsholongwane. Zihlukanise ngoko nangoko kwaye uzivalele zodwa izilwanyana ezirhanelwa ukuba zinentsholongwane.
• Kuphephe ukuxhoma imithi kunye namahlahla apho kuhlala khona amalulwane.
• Kuphephe ukutya ukutya okunokuba kungcolisiwe, ingakumbi ijusi yedethi eluhlaza, iziqhamo ezityiwe ziintwala, okanye iziqhamo ezingcoliswe yindle yeentwala.
• Ukuba wongeza ijusi yedethi, qiniseka ukuba uyifudumeza kakuhle ngaphambi kokuba uyisebenzise.
• Hlamba zonke iziqhamo kakuhle phambi kokuba uzitye, susa ulusu, uze uzitye.
• Susa iziqhamo ezityiwe ziimpukane kunye neziqhamo eziwileyo emhlabeni.
• Kuphephe ukudibana namathe, igazi, kunye nolunye ulwelo lomzimba lomntu onentsholongwane.

Amanyathelo okulawula usulelo yenye indlela yokunceda ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane yeNipah. Umzekelo, ukuba unyamekela umntu orhanelwa ukuba unentsholongwane yeNipah, kufuneka usebenzise izixhobo zokuzikhusela zobuqu (PPE) rhoqo .

`I-PPE` ibandakanya:

• Iingubo ezikhethekileyo ezinokukhusela ulwelo lomzimba (ukuzahlula okanye ukugquma ngokupheleleyo).
• Iiglavu zonyango.
• Ukukhusela amehlo (njengeeglasi zokhuseleko okanye iiglasi zokukhusela)
• Iimaski zonyango okanye zotyando. Uhlobo lwemaski esetyenzisiweyo lunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubukhali bobhubhane.

Abasebenzi bezempilo kwizibhedlele nakwiindawo zempilo kufuneka balandele iinkqubo zokulawula usulelo ezisemgangathweni. Bafanele basebenzise izibulali-ntsholongwane ezifanelekileyo ukucoca nokubulala iintsholongwane kuyo yonke indawo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba uneempawu zentsholongwane yeNipah (ezifana nomkhuhlane, intloko ebuhlungu, ubunzima bokuphefumla), ingakumbi ukuba usandul' ukuya kwilizwe elinentsholongwane yeNipah, okanye ukuba ukhathalele umntu/isilwanyana esinayo le ntsholongwane, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kungekho nyango luthile loku, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba unayo na le ntsholongwane ukuze ungayisasazeki kwabanye.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Intsholongwane yeNipah yintsholongwane enokuba yingozi kakhulu, isasazeka ikakhulu ngamalulwane neehagu.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi kwaye ukhuseleke, endaweni yokoyika.

• Eyona ndlela ingcono yokuphepha oku kukuhlala kude nezilwanyana ezigulayo , ingakumbi kwiindawo apho kubikwa khona ubhubhane.
• Kwakhona, kuphephe ukutya neziselo ezinokuba zingcolisiwe (ingakumbi iziqhamo kunye nejusi yeedethi eluhlaza ezivela kwiindawo apho kuhlala khona amalulwane).
• Ekubeni inokudluliselwa ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye, lumka kakhulu xa usondela kumntu onentsholongwane kwaye ulandele amanyathelo okhuseleko afunekayo.
• Ukuba usandul’ ukuya kwindawo enentsholongwane yeNipah kwaye ubonakalisa iimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, intloko ebuhlungu, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza .

Ukuba sonke siyazi ezi zinto size sithathe amanyathelo okhuseleko afunekayo, sinokuzikhusela kolu hlobo lweentsholongwane. Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu, ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha.

I- Nipah Virus, amalulwane, iihagu, izifo zezilwanyana, izifo ezosulelayo, usulelo, iimpawu, uthintelo