Ngaba kukho iqhuma elitsha eluswini lwakho? Masifunde nge-nodular melanoma eyingozi.

Ngaba wakha waphawula iqhuma okanye ibala elingaqhelekanga eluswini lwakho elikhula ngequbuliso? Okanye mhlawumbi uqaphele utshintsho eluswini lomhlobo wakho. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngohlobo lomhlaza wesikhumba oloyikekayo kancinci, kodwa olunokulawulwa ukuba lubonwa kwangethuba. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-nodular melanoma . Ukuva eli gama kunokoyikisa kancinci, kodwa ukuba siyalazi, sinokuzikhusela kulo size sifumane unyango kwangethuba.

Yintoni iNodular Melanoma?

Ngamafutshane, i-nodular melanoma luhlobo lomhlaza wolusu olubizwa ngokuba yi-melanoma . Yahlukile kancinci kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wolusu kuba ikhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu . Khawuthelekelele, kwiiveki ezimbalwa, okanye kwiinyanga ezimbalwa, eli qhuma linokukhula lize lisasazeke.

Eyona nto ikhethekileyo koku kukuba ikhula ngokuthe nkqo, kungekuphela nje phezu kolusu, kodwa nangaphantsi kolusu . Ifana neqhwa elidada elwandle. Sinokubona inxalenye encinci yayo ngaphezulu, kodwa eyona nxalenye inkulu ingaphantsi kwamanzi. Ngokufanayo, kwi-nodular melanoma, uninzi lomhlaza lungaphantsi kolusu. Yingakho inokuba yingozi kancinci, kuba idla ngokungena nzulu ngokukhawuleza.

Zithini izigaba zalo mhlaza?

Kulungile, ngoku makhe sijonge amanqanaba ahlukeneyo alo mhlaza obizwa ngokuba yiNodular Melanoma. Oogqirha bayahlulahlula ibe ngamacandelo aliqela, kuxhomekeke ekusasazekeni kunye nobunzulu bomhlaza. Kubalulekile ukwazi eli nqanaba, kuba unyango lumiselwa ngokusekelwe koku.

Inqanaba 0 (Inqanaba 0 - I-Melanoma ikwindawo)

Eli lelona nqanaba lokuqala . Kulapho iiseli zomhlaza zikwindawo engaphandle yolusu (i-epidermis) . Oku kuthetha ukuba ayikasasazekanga ngaphaya kwendawo eyayiqale kuyo. Eli lelona xesha lifanelekileyo lokuyifumana, kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba inyangeke ngokupheleleyo ngonyango.

Inqanaba loku-1

Kule nqanaba, umhlaza uthathwa njengongenabungozi bungako . Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho bungqina bokuba usasazekile. Ukwancinci kakhulu , udla ngokuba ngaphantsi kweemilimitha ezi-2 ubukhulu.

Isigaba II

Kule nqanaba, i-nodular melanoma inokuba nobukhulu obungaphezulu kwe-2 millimeters . Oku kuthetha ukuba inobungozi obukhulu bokubuyela umva . Nangona kunjalo, ayikasasazeki kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Inqanaba lesi-3

Oku kubi ngakumbi. Apha, umhlaza usenokuba usasazeke kwiindawo ze-lymph ezikufutshane okanye kwezinye iindawo zesikhumba ezikufutshane . Iindawo ze-lymph zifana nezihluzo ezincinci emzimbeni wethu ezinceda ekulweni nosulelo. Ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zingena kwezi ndawo, oko kuthetha ukuba umhlaza uqalile ukusasazeka.

Inqanaba lesi-4

Eli lelona nqanaba linzima nelibanzi.Apha, i-nodular melanoma inokusasazeka iye kwiindawo ezikude ze-lymph nodes, kwezinye iindawo ezikude zesikhumba, okanye nakwizitho zangaphakathi ezifana nesibindi, imiphunga, kunye nengqondo .

Ngubani onokuthi aphuhlise oku ngakumbi?

I-Nodular Melanoma inokukhula nakubani na, kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kancinci.

• Lo mngcipheko uphezulu kumadoda , ingakumbi lawo angaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala .
• Ukuba ukhe waba nomhlaza wolusu ngaphambili .
• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nomhlaza wolusu (kusenokubakho ikhonkco elivela kwilifa).
• Abantu abanesikhumba esikhanyayo abatsha lula elangeni . Nokuba umbala wolusu lwethu umnyama, kukho umngcipheko wokutsha lilanga.
• Abantu abachitha ixesha elininzi elangeni , ingakumbi abo bachitha ixesha elininzi elangeni bengenazo iindlela zokuzikhusela.

Kuqheleke kangakanani oku?

I-nodular melanoma lolona hlobo lwesibini oluxhaphakileyo lwe-melanoma . Ibandakanya i-15% ukuya kwi-20% yazo zonke ii-melanomas ezifunyenweyo. Kuthiwa ikwabangela malunga ne-50% yokufa okunxulumene ne-melanoma. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi oku.

I-nodular melanoma ichaphazela njani umzimba?

Lo mhlaza ungakhula naphi na emzimbeni, kodwa uhlala ukhula kwiindawo ezichatshazelwa kakhulu lilanga . Oko kukuthi:

• Izandla
• Intloko (indawo yentloko)
• Imilenze
• Isihlunu

Ii-nodular melanomas zihlala zinkulu kunezinye ii-moles eluswini lwakho. Zihlala zingaphezulu kwe-1 centimeter ububanzi (malunga nobude be-stapler), kwaye zingaphezulu kwe-6 milimitha ukuphakama (malunga nokuphakama kwamaphepha angama-60).

Zithini iimpawu?

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela iimpawu zalo mhlaza, kuba okukhona uqatshelwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona unyango luya kuphumelela.

• Umphezulu wolusu ungabonakala njengeqhubu elikhulu, eliphakanyisiweyo, nelingqukuva .
• Umbala ungahluka . Unokuba bomvu, pinki, mdaka, mnyama, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngamanye amaxesha unokuba nombala ofanayo nolusu lwakho.
• Ubume bomphezulu bungahluka . Bungaba buthambile, bube rhabaxa, okanye bube rhabaxa njengekholifulawa.
• Kusenokuba kukho ukopha . Kusenokuba kukopha nje, okanye kusenokuba kukopha xa ukrwela.
• Kusenokubakho ukurhawuzelelwa .
• Usenokuziva utshile okanye uqaqanjelwa .

Kubalulekile: Ukuba ubona iqhuma elitsha, ibala, okanye utshintsho kwindawo ekhoyo eluswini lwakho, musa ukuchitha ixesha kwaye ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko .

Ngaba oku kungabonakala ngathi liqamza legazi?

Ewe, ngamanye amaxesha i-nodular melanoma inokufana ne-blood blister . I-blood blister yenziwa xa ulusu lucinezelwe ngokuqinileyo. I-blister yenziwa xa igazi liqokelelana kwimithambo yegazi ephukileyo. Inokuba mdaka, bomvu, okanye mnyama. Ngoko ke, ukuba une-"blood blister" entsha engapholiyo ngokukhawuleza, xhalaba ngayo naleyo.

Ngaba i-Nodular Melanoma iyaphuma igazi?

Ewe, ukuba uyayikrwela le qhina, uyicinezele, okanye uyichukumise kancinci, inokopha. Ngamanye amaxesha , nokuba awenzi nto, inokopha nje .

Ingaba la maqhina aqinile okanye akhululekile?

I-nodular melanoma idla ngokuba lukhuni kwaye ixinene xa ichukunyiswa.

Zithini izizathu zoku?

Eyona nto iphambili ebangela ukuba kubekho i-nodular melanoma kukuvezwa kakhulu kukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (UV) . Ngokukodwa, ukutshiswa lilanga zezona ziyingozi kakhulu.

Ulusu lwethu luneentlobo zeeseli ezibizwa ngokuba yi -melanocytes . Ezi seli zivelisa umbala obizwa ngokuba yi -melanin . Yile melanin enika ulusu lwethu umbala walo. Ngoko ke, xa sichatshazelwa yimitha ye-UV evela elangeni okanye kwiindawo zokuthambisa, i-DNA yezi melanocytes inokonakala kwaye itshintshe. Ezi seli emva koko zikhula kwaye zahlukane ngokungalawulekiyo, kwaye ziqale ukuhlasela izicubu ezingqongileyo (i-malignancy) . Kulapho ke kuvela khona umhlaza.

Ingaba oku kuyasulela?

Hayi, i-nodular melanoma ayisosifo esosulelayo . Awunakuyifumana komnye umntu, kwaye awunakuyisasaza komnye umntu.

Uyibona njani le nto?

Xa ubona ugqirha oneqhuma elingaqhelekanga eluswini lwakho, into yokuqala aza kuyenza kukuhlolisisa iqhuma ngononophelo. Uza kubetha ulusu olujikeleze iqhuma kunye nee-lymph nodes zakho. Emva koko, banokukubuza imibuzo embalwa.

• "Uqale nini ukulibona eli qhina?"
• "Ingaba oku kuye kwanda okanye kuyafana?"
• "Ingaba kubuhlungu xa ndichukumisa oku?"
• "Ingaba oku kutshintshe umbala?"
• "Ingaba oku kuyarhawuzelela, ingaba kubuhlungu?"
• "Ingaba oku kuphuma igazi?"
• "Wakha waba nomhlaza wolusu ngaphambili?"
• "Ngaba kukho umntu onesifo somhlaza wolusu kusapho lwakho?"

Iimpendulo zakho kule mibuzo ziya kunceda ugqirha ukuba aqonde ngesifo.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo?

Emva kovavanyo lomzimba, ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela ukuba isenokuba yi-nodular melanoma, uhlala egqiba ekubeni enze i-biopsy . I-biopsy ibandakanya ukususa iqhekeza elincinci leqhubu, okanye lonke iqhubu, phantsi kweemeko ezibuhlungu nezingenantlungu, aze alithumele kwilabhoratri ukuze kuhlolwe iiseli zomhlaza . Iziphumo zinokuthatha iintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezilishumi ukubuya.

Iphathwa njani?

Unyango lwe-nodular melanoma luxhomekeke kwinqanaba lomhlaza kunye nempilo yakho iyonke . Injongo ephambili kukunyanga umhlaza. Oogqirha bajonge nokuthintela umhlaza ukuba ungabuyi kwaye bagcine ulusu lwakho lubukeka luhle kangangoko.

Unyango lwe-nodular melanoma yesigaba sokuqala

Kwinqanaba lokuqala, xa umhlaza ungakasasazeka, unyango oluphambili kukususa iqhuma ngotyando . Usenokukwazi ukwenza oku ngelixa uvukile, usebenzisa i-anesthesia yendawo kuphela. Okanye, kwezinye iimeko, unokunikwa i-anesthesia eqhelekileyo ukwenza utyando. Ugqirha wesikhumba okanye ugqirha wotyando uza kusebenzisa imela ebukhali (scalpel) ukususa iqhuma kunye nolusu oluncinci oluphilileyo olujikeleze lona.

Unyango lwe-melanoma esasazekileyo ye-nodular

Xa umhlaza usasazekile (kwinqanaba lokugqibela), ukongeza ekususweni kwesiqhuma ngotyando, unyango olunye okanye ngaphezulu lunokuhlanganiswa.

• Utyando lwe-lymphadenectomy: Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ze-lymph ezikufutshane, utyando lunokwenziwa ukuze kususwe ezo ndawo ze-lymph. Oku kunokuthintela umhlaza ukuba ungasasazeki ngakumbi.
• Utyando kwizitho zangaphakathi: Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwilungu langaphakathi, inxalenye echaphazelekayo yelo lungu inokususwa ngotyando.
• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Oku kusebenza ngokuvuselela amasosha omzimba wakho ukuze avelise iiseli ezingakumbi ezilwa neeseli zomhlaza.
• Unyango lomhlaza olujoliswe kulo: Kule meko, amayeza athile asetyenziselwa ukuhlasela iiseli zomhlaza kuphela. Oku kubangela umonakalo omncinci kwiiseli eziphilileyo.
• Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Kule meko, kunikwa amayeza abulala iiseli zomhlaza aze azithintele ukuba zingaphindaphindani.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuchacha emva konyango?

Oku kuya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kunyango olufumanayo.

• Emva kotyando , kungathatha malunga neveki enye ukuya kwezintathu ukuba ulusu luphile.
• Emva kwe-chemotherapy kunye nonyango lomhlaza olujoliswe kulo , uninzi lweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziyaphela xa unyango luyekile.

Ungayinciphisa njani ingozi?

Nangona uphuhliso lwe-nodular melanoma lungenakuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo, kukho izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko.

• Ziphephe ilanga elirhabaxa kwaye ufune umthunzi . Imitha yelanga inamandla kakhulu phakathi kwentsimbi ye-10 kusasa kunye neye-4 emva kwemini.
• Musa ukusebenzisa iibhedi zokutshisa ilanga . Endaweni yoko, sebenzisa into efana ne-spray tan.
• Nxiba iminqwazi ebanzi, iiglasi zelanga, impahla enemikhono emide, kunye neebhulukhwe ezinde nanini na xa kunokwenzeka.
• Sebenzisa i-sunscreen ene-wide-spectrum ene -SPF (Skin Protection Factor) engama-30 nangaphezulu . Phinda uyifake rhoqo ukuba ubila okanye udada.
• Xa usebenzisa i-lip balm, khetha enye equlethe i-sunscreen.
• Nika ingqalelo kulusu lwakho . Ukuba ubona amabala amatsha, iinduli, okanye utshintsho kwindawo ekhoyo, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Kuthekani ukuba une-nodular melanoma?

Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kubaluleke kakhulu kwi-nodular melanoma. Ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba, i-prognosis yakho ilungile kakhulu.

Nangona kunjalo, i-nodular melanoma inokuba yingozi ebomini xa ifunyanwa sele ikwinqanaba lokugqibela kuba ikhula ngokukhawuleza . Ke ngoko, okukhona ifunyanwa kwaye isuswa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona amathuba akho okuchacha ngokupheleleyo ayanda .

Injani izinga lokusinda?

Eli lipesenti labantu abasaphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu befunyaniswe kwaye benyangwa i-nodular melanoma.

• Amanqanaba 0, I kunye ne-II: 98.4%
• Inqanaba lesiThathu: 63.6%
• Inqanaba lesi-4: 22.5%

Xa ujonga ezi zibalo, ungabona indlela ekubaluleke ngayo ukufumanisa ngokukhawuleza, akunjalo?

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu zingezantsi, qiniseka ukuba ubonana nogqirha.

• Ukubonakala kweqhubu elitsha, eliqinileyo eluswini.
• Utshintsho kubungakanani, umbala, okanye imo ye-mole okanye ibala elikhoyo.
• Ukurhawuzelelwa okanye ukopha ngenxa yeqhubu.
• Ukuba ukhe waba nomhlaza wolusu ngaphambili .
• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onomhlaza wolusu .
• Ukuba unembali yokuchatshazelwa lilanga kakhulu .

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha?

Xa ubona ugqirha wakho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubuza imibuzo efana nale ukuze uqonde kakuhle imeko yakho.

• "Ungayibona njani ukuba ndine-nodular melanoma?"
• "Ndinaliphi inqanaba le-Nodular Melanoma?"
• "Ingakanani le melanoma eneziqhubu?"
• "Ingene nzulu kangakanani le nto eluswini lwam?"
• "Ingaba lo mhlaza usasazeke nakwamanye amalungu omzimba wam?"
• "Ucebisa luphi unyango?"
• "Zithini iziphumo ezipheleleyo zonyango ngalunye?"
• "Ngawaphi amathuba okuba le melanoma eneziqhushumbisi ibuye?"
• "Ndingayinciphisa njani ingozi yokuba ne-nodular melanoma kwakhona kwixesha elizayo?"

Ngaba i-nodular melanoma ingasuswa ngokuyikrwela?

Oku akulunganga kwaphela.Abanye abantu banokucinga, "Owu, sisiqhuma nje esincinci, khawusikrwele nje." Kodwa, ukwenza njalo akuyi kuyinyanga le mhlaza. Enyanisweni, umhlaza ungasasazeka ngakumbi . Kwakhona, ukukrwela kunokubangela ukwenzakala kunye nosulelo . Ngoko ke, ungaze wenze loo nto. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona ugqirha kwaye ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika kwaye udanile xa ufunyaniswa ukuba une-nodular melanoma. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhathalela ulusu lwakho. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ulusu lwakho lumhlophe okanye ukhanyiswe kakhulu lilanga.

Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho olutsha, amaqhuma angaqhelekanga, okanye amabala eluswini lwakho, musa ukuchitha ixesha kwaye ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko . Angachaza ukuba loluphi unyango olufunekayo kunye noko kufuneka ukulindele. Oku kunokunciphisa kakhulu uloyiko lwakho kunye nexhala. Khumbula, ukubonwa kwangoko yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokusindisa ubomi!

Umhlaza wolusu , i-melanoma, i-melanoma enezimbobo, amaqhuqhuva olusu, imisebe yelanga, imisebe ye-UV, iimpawu zomhlaza, unyango lomhlaza wolusu