Ngaba uyazi nge (O-RADS)? Ibaluleke kangakanani le ndlela yokuxilonga iingxaki ze-ovarian?

Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika kakhulu xa iskeni ityhila utshintsho okanye ingxaki (isilonda) kuma-ovari okanye kwiindawo ezijikelezileyo (esizibiza ngokuba ziindawo ze-`(adnexal)`)? Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Kukho indlela ekhethekileyo enceda oogqirha kwiimeko ezinjalo kwaye ikunika ulwazi oluchanekileyo ngakumbi. Loo ndlela ibizwa ngokuba yi-`(O-RADS)`. Masithethe ngale nto namhlanje.

Yintoni i-(O-RADS)? Masiqonde kakuhle!

I-O-RADS™ imele i-Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System. Ngamafutshane, sisixhobo esikhethekileyo esisetyenziswa ngoogqirha. Uyazi ukuba senzelwe ntoni? Isetyenziselwa ukwahlula naziphi na izilonda, utshintsho, okanye amaqhuma afumaneka kwi-scan yama-ovari akho (okanye iindawo ezingqongileyo, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-adnexals—iityhubhu ze-fallopian, ama-ovari, kunye nezicubu ezinxibelelanayo ezibamba amalungu enkqubo yakho yokuzala kunye).

Ngokwenkqubo ye-O-RADS, isilonda silinganiswa ngokwesikali esiqala ku-0 ukuya ku-5. Okukhona inani liphezulu, kokukhona umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza uphezulu . Nantsi indlela esebenza ngayo:

• I-O-RADS 0: Oku kuthetha ukuba ulwazi oluvela kwiskeni alunakusetyenziswa ukwenza uvavanyo oluchanekileyo, kwaye kufuneka uvavanyo olongezelelweyo. Iskeni isenokungacaci.
• I-O-RADS 1: Le yeyona miphumo ilungileyo! Oku kuthetha ukuba ama-ovari akho asempilweni kwaye aqhelekile.
• I-O-RADS 2: Apha, nokuba kukho `(isilonda)`, amathuba okuba sibe ngumhlaza aphantsi kakhulu (ngokuqhelekileyo angaphantsi kwe-1%). Ezi zihlala zithathwa `(zingenobungozi)`, oko kuthetha ukuba azingomhlaza.
• I-O-RADS 3: Apha, kukho ithuba elincinci lokuba umhlaza unokubakho, kodwa liphantsi (ngesiqhelo phakathi kwe-1% kunye ne-10%). Oogqirha baxhalabile ngakumbi ngezi zinto, kwaye banokukucela ukuba wenze olunye uvavanyo lwe-scan kwithuba elifutshane.
• I-O-RADS 4: Apha, ithuba lomhlaza likwinqanaba eliphakathi (ngesiqhelo liphakathi kwe-10% kunye ne-50%). Ezi ziyathandabuzeka kancinci. Ngoko oogqirha banokwenza olunye uvavanyo kule nto, baze bakuthumele kwingcali.
• I-O-RADS 5: Oku kuthetha ukuba umngcipheko womhlaza uphezulu kakhulu (ngokuqhelekileyo ungaphezulu kwama-50%). Kule meko, kufuneka amanyathelo akhawulezileyo.

Kodwa i-O-RADS ingaphezulu nje kwenkqubo yokwahlulahlula. Ikomiti eyiphuhlisileyo (eyasungulwa yi-American College of Radiology) ikwaphuhlisile isichazi-magama (iseti yamagama aqhelekileyo asetyenziselwa ukuchaza oko kubonwa kwiiskeni - ebizwa ngokuba sisichazi-magama) kunye neengcebiso malunga nonyango olufanelekileyo kubantu kwiqela ngalinye lomngcipheko. Olu luncedo olukhulu koogqirha ekwenzeni izigqibo.

Isetyenziswa nini i-O-RADS?

Ugqirha wakho angasebenzisa le nkqubo ethi ``(O-RADS)``` ukuchonga nokwahlulahlula izinto ezifana nezi:

• Ii-cysts ze-ovarian: Ezi ziingqumba ezikhula kwii-ovaries zakho. Ezinye ii-cysts ziingxobo ezizele lulwelo kwaye aziyongozi. Kodwa ezinye zizinto ekufuneka uzixhalabise ngazo.
• I-Adnexal masses: Ii-tumor okanye ii-mass ezikhula kwi-fallopian tubes okanye kwi-ligaments ezibamba amalungu enkqubo yokuzala kunye. Ezi zinokuba zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo.

Ngoko ke, ukuba imeko efana nale ibonwa kwiskeni, i-O-RADS inceda ukuqonda uhlobo lwayo oluchanekileyo kunye nokuvavanya ukuba iyingozi kangakanani.

Ziziphi iindlela eziphambili ze-(O-RADS)?

Kukho "amacandelo" amabini aphambili e-O-RADS, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweskeni esetyenzisiweyo. Oko kukuthi, iyahluka kancinci kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweskeni esetyenzisiweyo ukufumana ulwazi.

(I-O-RADS Ultrasound - e-US)

Le yindlela ephambili neyintloko esetyenziswa kwi-O-RADS. Apha, kusetyenziswa i-ultrasound yesisu okanye i-ultrasound ye-transvaginal. Njengoko usazi, i-ultrasound yindlela yokuthatha imifanekiso yangaphakathi yomzimba kusetyenziswa amaza esandi.

Itekhnoloji ye-ultrasound iyakwazi ukubona ama-ovari kunye nezilonda ezinxulumene nawo ngokucacileyo. I-ultrasound edluliselwa kwisini ngokukodwa inokuvelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo kuba inokwenziwa kufutshane kakhulu nama-ovari.

(I-O-RADS MRI)

I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) luvavanyo olunika ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nezicubu ezithambileyo zomzimba wethu. I-MRI isebenzisa amasimi emagnethi kunye namaza erediyo. Luvavanyo oluntsonkothileyo nolubiza kakhulu kune-ultrasound.

Ukuba oogqirha abanalo ulwazi olwaneleyo oluvela kwi-ultrasound, okanye ukuba bafuna ulwazi oluthe kratya lokwenza uxilongo, okanye ukuba kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuba imeko inomhlaza okanye akunjalo, le ndlela ye-MRI iyasetyenziswa. I-O-RADS MRI yinkqubo yokuhlalutya imifanekiso ye-MRI kunye nokuyihlela kwi-O-RADS.

Kwenzeka ntoni nge (O-RADS)? Ibaluleke ngantoni le nto?

Inkqubo ye-O-RADS ineenjongo eziphambili ezininzi. Ezi zibaluleke kakhulu kuwe nakoogqirha bakho.

• Ukubonelela ngeengcaciso ezihambelanayo zeengxelo zovavanyo: Khawucinge ukuba bekuya kuba yingxaki engakanani ukuba bekufuneka utolike ingxelo yeskeni ngendlela ethile xa uye kugqirha omnye uze uye komnye? Ngenxa ye-O-RADS, ugqirha ngamnye kunye nesibhedlele eMelika (kwaye ngoku kumazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela) bahlulahlula izilonda ze-ovari kunye nezinye ezinxulumene nazo ngendlela efanayo, eqhelekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba nokuba ufumana phi unyango, ingxelo iya kuthetha into efanayo. Oku kususa ukudideka okukhulu.

• Ukwandisa ukuchaneka kokuxilongwa:Kwizilonda zesibeleko kunye nezinye ezinxulumene nazo, i-O-RADS inciphisa amathuba okuba kubekho iziphumo ezingezizo zesifo somhlaza. Ikwanciphisa utyando olungeyomfuneko kwiimeko ezingengozi. I-O-RADS ihlalutya iimpawu zesilonda (umz., ubungakanani, imilo, kunye nomxholo) ngendlela yesayensi kakhulu.

• Ukubonelela ngeengcebiso zonyango kudidi ngalunye: Ngenkqubo ye-`(O-RADS)`, oogqirha bafumana iingcebiso zonyango ezisemgangathweni kudidi ngalunye lomngcipheko (oluyi-O-RADS 0 ukuya ku-5). Umzekelo, kumntu onodidi lwe-O-RADS lwesi-2, ingcebiso efana nale, "Akukho nto yokukhathazeka ngayo, oku mhlawumbi akunabungozi, siza kujonga kwakhona kwithuba elifutshane." Kodwa kwi-O-RADS 4 okanye 5, ingcebiso efana nale, "Kufuneka senze uvavanyo oluthe kratya koku kungekudala kwaye sikuthumele kwingcali ukuba kuyimfuneko" inikwa.

Zithini iingenelo zenkqubo (i-O-RADS)? Kutheni ilungile kuwe?

Uphando lubonise ukuba uvavanyo lokuhlolwa komhlaza wesibeleko olusebenzisa i-ultrasound ye-transvaginal kunye ne-tumor marker CA-125 ngamanye amaxesha lunokunika iziphumo ezingezizo ezilungileyo. Oko kuthetha ukuba unokufunyanwa unomhlaza, kodwa kamva ufumanise ukuba awuzange ube nomhlaza. Khawucinge ngoxinzelelo kunye nokuxhalaba okuya kuza nako! Mhlawumbi nokuba kufuneka wenze utyando ngaphandle kwesizathu?

Ngamanye amaxesha, izigulana zenza utyando nokuba akuyomfuneko ngokwenene. Okubalulekileyo kukuba, utyando olwenziwayo kwizilonda "ezingengomhlaza" ezingenabungozi lunezinga leengxaki eliyi-17.8%. Ngamanye amazwi, inani elikhulu labantu abenza utyando olungeyomfuneko liba neengxaki zempilo ezinxulumene notyando.

Inkqubo ye-O-RADS iqwalasela izinto ezininzi. Umzekelo, iimpawu zesilonda (ubukhulu, indawo, inkangeleko, nokuba kukho izinto eziqinileyo ngaphakathi, ukuhanjiswa kwegazi, njl.njl.) kunye nokuba sele udlule kwixesha lokuyeka ukuya exesheni. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuba isilonda esitsha sivela kwi-ovary kumntu odlule kwixesha lokuyeka ukuya exesheni, kufuneka ukhathazeke ngakumbi ngaso.

Injongo ephambili kukunciphisa utyando olungeyomfuneko kubantu abanezilonda ezingezizo zomhlaza. Enye injongo kukuthumela ngokukhawuleza abantu abanezilonda ezikrokrelekayo okanye ezinomhlaza kwingcali efanelekileyo (umzekelo, ingcali yomhlaza wabasetyhini). Ke ngoko, uya kuthunyelwa kuphela ukuze utyando ukuba ulufuna ngokwenene.

Ngubani owadala inkqubo (ye-O-RADS)?

Inkqubo ebaluleke kangaka ayizenzeki nje ngobusuku obunye, akunjalo? Ngowama-2018, i-American College of Radiology, umbutho ophambili we-radiology e-United States, uxhase ikomiti yoogqirha bamazwe ngamazwe abamele iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobuchwephesha (ezifana ne-gynecology, i-radiology, kunye ne-oncology), kwaye yaphuhlisa inkqubo ye-O-RADS. Ikomiti ye-O-RADS US - Ultrasound yade yahlaziya isichazi-magama ngoNovemba ka-2022. Oku kuthetha ukuba yinkqubo ehlaziywa rhoqo ngolwazi olutsha.

Ufumana luphi uncedo koku?

Kuqhelekile ukuziva ngathi ihlabathi limile uze uzive unzima entliziyweni yakho xa ufumanisa ukuba kukho into ekrokrisayo ephume kwiskeni sakho. Njengoko usenza uvavanyo olongezelelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba uxilongiwe okanye ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho nto ingalunganga, ixhala lakho kunye noloyiko lwakho zinokukhula imihla ngemihla.

Nangona kunjalo, indlela ye-O-RADS inciphisa amathuba okuba ufumane iziphumo zovavanyo ezingalunganga. Oko kuthetha ukuba awunakufane ufumaneke unomhlaza xa ungenawo ngokwenene. Oko kunciphisa nomngcipheko wotyando olungeyomfuneko. Indlela ye-O-RADS ikunceda ufumane iimpendulo ozifunayo ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo. Ayikokukhululeka okukhulu oko?

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule kwizinto esithethe ngazo zezi:

• I-O-RADS yindlela ebaluleke kakhulu, esemgangathweni, neyinzululwazi enceda oogqirha ukuba babone baze bahlele iingxaki ze-ovarian kunye nezinye iingxaki ezinxulumene nazo (izilonda).
• Le ndlela ikhokelela ekuxilongweni okuchanekileyo ngakumbi, utyando olungeyomfuneko lube mbalwa, kunye nesikhokelo esicacileyo malunga nonyango olufunekayo.
• Ukuba ingxelo yakho yeskeni inoluhlu lwe-O-RADS, thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo uze ufunde okungakumbi. Ungakhathazeki, ezi ndlela zilapha ukukunceda.
• Khumbula, ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo zezona ndlela zilungileyo zokuphila ubomi obusempilweni. Ngoko ke, landela iingcebiso zikagqirha wakho kwaye ufumane uvavanyo olufunekayo.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi uza kulufumana luluncedo!

I- O-RADS, i-Ovarian, i-Adnexal, i-Lesion, i-Ultrasound, i-MRI, umhlaza, i-Gynecology