Ngaba iliso lakho lifumana ukuhamba kwegazi okunciphileyo? Masifunde ngale (Ocular Ischemic Syndrome)!

Ngaba ngequbuliso ulahlekelwe kukubona, okanye uva intlungu engaqhelekanga, engenakuchazeka okanye ubunzima kwelinye okanye omabini amehlo? Okanye ngaba amehlo akho ajika abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka xa uphuma ngaphandle? Ngamanye amaxesha sicinga ukuba oku kukukhathazeka nje kwamehlo, kodwa kusenokuba kukho into enzulu ngakumbi emva koko. Yiyo loo nto i-Ocular Ischemic Syndrome. Nangona eli gama lisenokuvakala lisoyikisa kancinci, masithethe ngalo ngokulula.

Yintoni le `(Ocular Ischemic Syndrome)`?

Ngamafutshane, i-Ocular Ischemic Syndrome sisifo esingaqhelekanga samehlo esenzeka xa amehlo ethu engafumani igazi elaneleyo. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu kukugcwala kwamafutha (okubizwa ngokuba yi-plaque) kwimithambo yegazi emikhulu entanyeni yethu ebizwa ngokuba yiCarotid Artery. Le mithambo yegazi ikwabonelela ngegazi emehlweni ethu. Ngoko ke, xa le mithambo yegazi ivalekile, inani legazi eliya emehlweni liyancipha. Oku kunokubangela iingxaki zokubona kunye nentlungu yamehlo.

Ngamanye amazwi, intsingiselo yale gama, igama negama, yile ilandelayo:

• Igama elithi "Ocular" ngokwezonyango lithetha "okuphathelele amehlo."
• I-"Ischemic" okanye "Ischemia" yimeko apho ukuhamba kwegazi kuncipha ngenxa ye-"atherosclerosis" (ukuncipha okanye ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi). Le meko yiyo ebangela "Isifo seCarotid Artery Disease" (Isifo seCarotid Artery Disease).
• Igama elithi "Syndrome" libhekisa kwimeko apho iimpawu ezininzi zisenzeka kunye.

Ngoko ke, zonke ezi zinto xa zidibene, le yingqokelela yeempawu ezibangelwa kukuncipha kokuhamba kwegazi emehlweni. Le meko, ngakumbi, inokuba luphawu lokuqala lwe-`(Carotid Artery Disease)`. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Carotid Artery Disease)` inyusa umngcipheko westroke kunye nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo . Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.

Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Zithini izizathu ze-`(Ocular Ischemic Syndrome)`?

Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, imbangela ephambili yoku yi -`(Carotid Artery Disease)` (Carotid Artery Disease) . Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-`(Carotid Artery Stenosis)`. `(Stenosis)` kuthetha ukucutheka okanye ukuvaleka komthambo. Le mithambo yegazi mibini ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Carotid Arteries)` kumacala omabini entamo yakho ithwala igazi elineoksijini entloko yakho, entanyeni, ebuchosheni, nasemahlweni. Ngoko ke xa i-`(Plaque)`, into enamafutha, iqala ukuqokelelana ngaphakathi kwezi mithambo yegazi (oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-`(Atheroma)`), ukuhamba kwegazi kuyavalwa.

Imithambo yegazi ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Ophthalmic Arteries)` enika igazi emehlweni ethu iqala kwezi `(Carotid Arteries)`. Ngoko ke, umntu one-`(Carotid Artery Disease)` akafumani igazi elaneleyo emehlweni akhe. Oko kunqongophala kwegazi sisiseko se-`(Ocular Ischemic Syndrome)`.

Ukongeza kwesi sizathu siphambili, kukho ezinye izizathu ezingabonakaliyo kakhulu:

• `(Ukuqhawulwa kweCarotid Artery)` (imeko efana nokuqhawulwa kwecarotid artery)
• I-Vasculitis (ukudumba kwemithambo yegazi). Imizekelo ibandakanya i-Takayasu's Arteritis, i-Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA), kunye ne-Behcet's Disease.
• `(I-Fibrovascular Dysplasia)`
• `(I-Scleroderma)`
• `(Isifo sikaMoyamoya)`

Ngubani osengozini enkulu?

I-Ocular Ischemic Syndrome yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu , echaphazela abantu abamalunga nesi-8 kwisigidi ngasinye.

Le meko idla ngokuchaphazela abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-50 ukuya kwengama-80 ubudala . Amadoda anamathuba aphindwe kabini okuba nayo kunabafazi .

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezibangela umngcipheko ezichaphazela oku:

• `(Isifo sentliziyo)` (Izifo zenkqubo yentliziyo, oko kukuthi, izifo ezinxulumene nentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi)
• Isifo seMitha yeCoronary (CAD)
• Isifo seswekile
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu)
• Ukutyeba kakhulu, ukutshaya, okanye zombini ezi zinto.
• `(Isifo sikaMoyamoya)` (Esi sisifo esinxulumene nemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi engqondweni)
• Ukuba ukhe waba nestroke ngaphambili okanye i-transient ischemic attack (TIA) (njenge-mini-stroke).

Ziziphi iimpawu ze-Ocular Ischemic Syndrome?

Iimpawu zale meko azisoloko zibonakala. Kodwa xa iimpawu zibonakala, zihlala zichaphazela iliso elinye kuphela . Le meko ichaphazela kakhulu umbono wakho. Khangela ezi mpawu ukuba unayo:

• Intlungu ebuhlungu nengathandekiyo evela ngaphakathi kweliso ize ifike iphele ngamanye amaxesha.
• Intlungu yeliso ivakala xa uxinzelelo lweliso lusanda.
• Iimbombo ezivulelekileyo (isangqa esimnyama embindini weliso).
• Ukuziva ngathi kukho amabala amnyama okanye imisonto edada phambi kwamehlo (Eye Floaters).
• Ukulahlekelwa kancinci kancinci okanye ngequbuliso kombono (Low Vision) okanye ukulahlekelwa okwethutyana kombono uze uphinde uwubone (Transient Vision Loss).
• Ubunzima bokujonga ukukhanya, ukubona okufipheleyo (Photophobia).
• Uvakalelwa ngathi ubona izinto ezimbini (iDiplopia).

Oogqirha bakuqonda njani oku kanye kanye?

Iimpawu ze-Ocular Ischemic Syndrome zinokufana nezinye izifo ezifana ne-diabetesic retinopathy kunye ne-Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO). Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukufumana uxilongo oluchanekileyo .

Iingcali zamehlo zenza olu vavanyo lulandelayo ukuze zifumanise esi sifo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo: Uvavanyo lwamehlo olwahlukeneyo lwenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela weengxaki zokubona. Umzekelo, uvavanyo lwamehlo oludityanisiweyo, iskena se-optical coherence tomography (OCT), i-electroretinography (uvavanyo olulinganisa umsebenzi we-retina), kunye ne-visual-evoked potentials (uvavanyo olulinganisa umsebenzi wenkqubo yemithambo-luvo enxulumene nombono).
• I-Fluorescein Angiogram : Olu luvavanyo apho kufakwa idayi ekhethekileyo emthanjeni osesandleni ukujonga ukuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba igazi lingene kwimithambo yegazi engaphakathi kweliso kunye nokuba igazi liyavuza na kwimithambo yegazi.

Ukongeza, ingcali yentliziyo (ugqirha ogxile kwizifo zentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi) angayalela iimvavanyo ezifana nezi ukuze ajonge isifo semithambo yegazi ye-carotid:

• `(I-Carotid Artery Duplex Vascular Ultrasound)` (Ukuhlolwa kwemithambo yegazi entanyeni)
• `(CT Angiogram - CTA)`, `(Carotid Angiogram)` okanye `(Magnetic Resonance Angiogram - MRA)` (ezi zikwaluhlobo olukhethekileyo lweziskeni ezijonga imeko yemithambo yegazi entanyeni).

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Kukho amanyathelo aliqela anxulumeneyo abandakanyekayo ekunyangeni i-Ocular Ischemic Syndrome. Oku kufuna intsebenziswano yeengcali ezahlukeneyo.

Unyango lweengxaki zamehlo:

• Iintlobo zemijovo yamehlo: Amayeza okanye ii-steroids ezilwa ne-VEGF. Ezi zinceda ekunciphiseni ukudumba kwi-retina.
• Amaconsi Amehlo Asebenzisa Unyango: Yehlisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kwamehlo kunye nokudumba.
• Kungafuneka nokuba kwenziwe unyango lwamehlo nge-laser ukuze kuthintelwe uxinzelelo lwamehlo oluphezulu.

Unyango lwe-`(Isifo seCarotid Artery)`:

• Izithibisi zegazi, kunye namayeza okulawula iimeko ezifana nesifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
• I-Carotid Angioplasty kunye ne-Stenting: Inkqubo apho umthambo wegazi ovalekileyo uvuthelwa ngesixhobo esifana nebhaluni kwaye kufakwa i-stent (ityhubhu encinci efana ne-mesh) ukuthintela ukuba ungavaleki kwakhona.
• I-Carotid Endarterectomy: Inkqubo yotyando yokususa i-plaque eqokelelene ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangela oku?

Ayingabo bonke abantu abane-Ocular Ischemic Syndrome abaya kuba neengxaki ezinkulu zokubona ngoko nangoko. Nangona kunjalo, malunga nesiqingatha sabantu abanale meko baya kuba nokulahlekelwa umbono othile kunyaka . Kwakhona, malunga nesixhenxe kwabalishumi abantu baya kuba nesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-Neovascular Glaucoma. Kwi-Neovascular Glaucoma, imithambo yegazi emitsha nengaqhelekanga iyakheka esweni, ivale ukuhamba kolwelo ngaphakathi kweliso. Oku kunokubangela uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwamehlo ngendlela eyingozi.

Injani imeko yempilo yomntu one-Ocular Ischemic Syndrome?

Enyanisweni, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Carotid Artery Disease)` ebangela i-`(Ocular Ischemic Syndrome)` inokuba yingozi ebomini . Emva kokufunyanwa une-`(Ocular Ischemic Syndrome)`, kungekapheli iminyaka emihlanu.Phantse abantu abane kwabalishumi bayafa ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye isifo sohlangothi. Ngoko ke, ukufuna unyango kwangethuba nokwenza utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo kunokunceda kakhulu ekukhuseleni impilo yakho.

Kubalulekile: Andizami ukukoyikisa ngale nto. Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ubunzulu bale meko nokuthatha amanyathelo afunekayo.

Ngaba i-Ocular Ischemic Syndrome ingathintelwa?

Ewe, zikho izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba `(iCarotid Artery Disease)` kwaye ngaloo ndlela, `(iOcular Ischemic Syndrome).` Nazi:

• Yitya ukutya okunempilo okufana nokutya kweMeditera.
• Fumana iindlela eziphilileyo zokulawula uxinzelelo.
• Lawula kakuhle isifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
• Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni obukufaneleyo.
• Ukuba uyatshaya, cela uncedo lokuyeka.
• Hlala usebenza kangangoko unako kwaye wenze umthambo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha:

• Intlungu emehlweni.
• Naluphi na utshintsho kwimbono luyingxaki.

Kwakhona, ukuba ufumana iimpawu zokungakwazi ukuthetha kakuhle (umz. ubunzima bokuthetha, ukungaziva mnandi kwelinye icala lomzimba, ukugoba kwelinye icala lobuso), yiya esibhedlele ngoko nangoko okanye utsalele umnxeba ku-1990.

Ndimele ndibuze ntoni kugqirha wam?

Xa usiya kugqirha, ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Kutheni ndinezi mpawu?
• Zeziphi iimvavanyo ekufuneka ndizenze?
• Loluphi unyango olungcono kum?
• Ndingenza ntoni ukuphucula impilo yentliziyo yam?
• Ndingenza ntoni ukuze ndikhusele amehlo am?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndixhalabele iingxaki?

Nasiphi na isifo esichaphazela amehlo siyinto exhalabisayo ngokwenene. Ukuba une-Ocular Ischemic Syndrome, utshintsho lombono lunokuba luphawu lokuqala lokuba imithambo yegazi yakho ivaliwe kwaye ukuhamba kwegazi entlokweni yakho kuyancipha. Oku kungaba luphawu lwezinye izifo, ezifana neCarotid Artery Disease. Ezinye izifo zamehlo nazo zinokubangela ezi mpawu.

Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubonana nogqirha wamehlo onamava ekuxilongeni nasekunyangeni izifo zamehlo ezingaqhelekanga . Kusenokufuneka ubonane nogqirha wentliziyo ukuze anyange "iCarotid Artery Disease". Olu nyango lusebenza ngokuvula umthambo wegazi ovalekileyo nokuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi emehlweni. Ungenza utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo ukuze ukhusele intliziyo yakho kunye namehlo akho.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

• I-Ocular Ischemic Syndrome yimeko ebangelwa kukuncipha kokuhamba kwegazi emehlweni, eyona nto ibangela kukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi entanyeni (Carotid Arteries).
• Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nokuncipha kokubona okanye iintlungu zamehlo, qiniseka ukuba ucela ingcebiso kagqirha.
• Oku kungaba luphawu lwe-"Carotid Artery Disease", nto leyo enyusa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunye nestroke .
• Ngokufunyanwa kwangoko, unyango olufanelekileyo, kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, impilo inokulondolozwa.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphepha ukutshaya, ukutya ukutya okunempilo, ukwenza umthambo, nokulawula isifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.

Ukuba uneminye imibuzo malunga noku, ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha wakho. Ndikunqwenelela impilo ekhawulezileyo!

Isifo se - Ocular Ischemic, Ukuncipha kokuhamba kwegazi emehlweni, Isifo se-Carotid Artery, Ukuncipha kokubona, Iintlungu zamehlo, Isifo se-Carotid Artery, I-Atherosclerosis